共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Booth ML Dobbins T Okely AD Denney-Wilson E Hardy LL 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2007,15(5):1089-1095
Objective: To determine secular trends in overweight/obesity among 7‐ to 15‐year‐olds for the periods 1985, 1997, and 2004. Research Method and Procedures: Data from representative surveys conducted in New South Wales, Australia, in 1985, 1997, and 2004 were analyzed. Height and weight were measured, and BMI categories were created using International Obesity Task Force definitions. Students were grouped as Grades 2 + 4 + 6 and 8 + 10. Results: The prevalences of overweight/obesity for 1985, 1997, and 2004 were 10.9%, 20.6%, and 25.7% among the younger boys and 10.6%, 19.5%, and 26.1% among the older boys. The average annual rate of increase for 1985 to 1997 was 0.81% and for 1997 to 2004 was 0.73% among the younger boys and was 0.74% and 0.94% for the two periods among the older boys. The prevalences of overweight/obesity in 1985, 1997, and 2004 were 14.0%, 22.0%, and 24.8% among the younger girls and 8.3%, 17.9%, and 19.8% among the older girls, respectively. The average annual rates of increase for the two periods were 0.8% and 0.4% among the younger girls and 0.80% and 0.27% among the older girls. Change in the prevalence of overweight/obesity and socioeconomic status were not associated. Discussion: Over the period 1985 to 1997, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased significantly among the younger and older boys and the younger girls. The prevalence of overweight, but not obesity, increased among the older girls over this period. Over the period 1997 to 2004, the prevalence of overweight/obesity combined increased significantly among boys of both age groups but not among girls. 相似文献
2.
The diet of the Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella at Harmony Point, Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The diet of non-breeding male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) was investigated at Harmony Point, Nelson Island, South Shetland Islands, by the analysis of 18 and 33 scats collected during
February 1996 and 1997 respectively. Overall, fish were the most frequent prey (74.5%) and predominated by mass (54.4%), whereas
krill predominated by number (94.2%). This coincides well with the pattern observed in 1997, but in 1996 krill was the most
important prey by number and mass (50.2%). The importance of the remaining taxa represented in the samples (octopods, hyperiids
and bivalves) was negligible. Among fish, myctophids represented 85.2% of the fish mass, with Gymnoscopelus nicholsi and Electrona antarctica being the main prey. These two species predominated in 1997, whereas the channichthyid Cryodraco antarcticus and the nototheniid Gobionotothen gibberifrons were dominant in 1996. The importance of the myctophids as prey of the Antarctic fur seal is discussed.
Received: 7 October 1997 / Accepted: 24 May 1998 相似文献
3.
Sen B 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2006,14(12):2266-2276
Objective: To explore associations between overweight status and the frequency of family dinners (FFD) for adolescents and how those associations differ across race and ethnicity. Research Methods and Procedures: A sample of 5014 respondents between 12 and 15 years of age from the 1997 wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) was used. BMI was calculated using self‐reported height and weight; 13.3% of respondents qualified as overweight, 16.4% qualified as at‐risk‐of‐overweight, and 1.9% qualified as underweight. The remainder were normal weight. FFD was defined as the number of times respondents had dinner with their families in a typical week in the past year. Multinomial logistic regression models were estimated separately for non‐Hispanic whites vs. blacks and Hispanics for odds of belonging to the other weight categories compared with normal weight. A supplementary longitudinal analysis estimated the odds of change in overweight status between 1997 and 2000. Results: In 1997, the FFD distribution was as follows: 0, 8.3%; 1 or 2, 7.3%; 3 or 4, 13.4%; 5 or 6, 28.1%; 7, 42%. For whites, higher FFD was associated with reduced odds of being overweight in 1997, reduced odds of becoming overweight, and increased odds of ceasing to be overweight by 2000. No such associations were found for blacks and Hispanics. Discussion: Reasons for racial and ethnic differences in the relationship between FFD and overweight may include differences in the types and portions of food consumed at family meals. More research is needed to verify this. 相似文献
4.
DNase I was electroporated into S-phase CHO cells and induced chromosome breakpoints were localized in G-banded metaphases.
More than 75% of breakpoints mapped to Giemsa-light bands, 18% to Giemsa-dark bands and about 7% to band junctions. Chromosome
breakpoint clusters produced by DNase I colocalized with chromosome breakpoints induced by the restriction endonucleases AluI and BamHI in the G1- and S-phases of the cell cycle in CHO cells. Digestion of metaphase spreads with AluI, BamHI and DNase I produced G-bands, indicating that G-light bands are more sensitive to endonuclease action. The possible role
of nuclease-sensitive sites in active chromatin as selective targets for the induction of chromosome breakpoints by these
endonucleases is discussed.
Received: 15 January 1997; in revised form: 21 July 1997 / Accepted: 23 July 1997 相似文献
5.
J. B. Sutherland J. P. Freeman A. J. Williams 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1998,49(4):445-449
Streptomyces viridosporus T7A (ATCC␣39115), during growth in tryptone/yeast extract broth, cometabolized five heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds.
The metabolites produced from the azaarenes were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, UV/visible absorption
spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Isoquinoline was transformed to 1(2H)-isoquinolinone (14%), phenanthridine to 6(5H)-phenanthridinone (25%), phthalazine to 1(2H)-phthalazinone (46%), quinazoline to 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione (4%), and quinoxaline to 2(1H)-quinoxalinone (8%) and 1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone (12%).
Received: 29 July 1997 / Received revision: 19 November 1997 / Accepted: 29 November 1997 相似文献
6.
Development of an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for Brassica carinata 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration were readily achieved from cotyledonary petioles and hypocotyls of Brassica carinata. These explants were used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A construct containing the selectable marker genes, neomycin phosphotransferase II, phosphinothricin
acetyl transferase and the reporter gene β-glucuronidase, under the control of a tandem 35S promoter, was used for transformation. Although transformation was achieved
with both cotyledonary petioles and hypocotyls, cotyledonary petioles responded best, with 30–50% of the explants producing
GUS-positive shoots after selection on 25 mg/l kanamycin. Direct selection on L-phosphinothricin also produced resistant shoots
but at a lower frequency (1–2%).
Received: 9 April 1997 / Revision received: 3 July 1997 / Accepted: 30 July 1997 相似文献
7.
Transgenic fertile japonica rice plants expressing a modified cryIA(b) gene resistant to yellow stem borer 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
The japonica rice variety Taipei 309 was cotransformed by particle bombardment of immature embryo-derived embryogenic calli
with a modified δ-endotoxin gene cryIA(b) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) under the control of the rice Actin1 promoter, and the hygromycin resistance gene, hph driven by the CaMV35S promoter. Selected transgenic rice plants showed enhanced insecticidal activity against yellow stem
borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), with mortality rates reaching up to 100% in a bioassay with cut stems. Introduction and expression of the Actin1 promoter-Bt gene into rice provides japonica rice germplasm resistant to insect attack.
Received: 21 March 1997 / Revision received: 23 June 1997 / Accepted: 5 July 1997 相似文献
8.
Pollen fertility and compatibility status were investigated in three species of mangroves: Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Rhizophora samoensis, R. stylosa and a hybrid between the two Rhizophora species. Pollen fertility was greater than 80% in the three species but less than 10% in the hybrid. Also, all three species
were intraspecifically compatible, while the hybrid showed very low compatibility which may be due to its low pollen fertility.
The genera Bruguiera and Rhizophora were found to be completely cross incompatible, while a low reciprocal cross compatibility was observed in interspecific
crosses between Rhizophora stylosa and R. samoensis.
Received: 5 June 1997 / Revision accepted: 10 October 1997 相似文献
9.
An abundant tandem repetitive DNA segment (CCsatIII) with a repeat unit of 2.2 kb has been found in the genome of roe deer
(Capreolus capreolus). It accounts for approximately 5%–10% of the genome and is only present in the two species of the genus Capreolus. The sequence has no similarity or common motifes with other deer satellite DNAs and there is no internal repeat structure.
A 93 bp fragment is homologous to a bovine repeat. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation showed a predominant centromeric staining
of most chromosomes accompanied by a weak interstitial staining of the same chromosomes. On Southern blots, CCsatIII probes
do not discriminate between the closely related Capreolus species.
Received: 16 June 1997; in revised form: 5 December 1997 / Accepted: 8 December 1997 相似文献
10.
A transformed root clone of Datura candida×D. aurea was established following infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. This clone was examined for its growth and hyoscyamine and scopolamine content under various culture conditions.
Among the three basal culture media tested, half-strength Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with 5% sucrose was the best for
root growth (288 mg dry weight/flask) and full-strength B5 medium for hyoscyamine and scopolamine content (0.36 and 0.17%
dry weight, respectively). Experiments with exogenous nitrate added to the medium revealed that the biomass increased (353
mg dry weight/flask) and the hyoscyamine content improved remarkably (0.54% dry weight), but that the scopolamine content
was significantly reduced. The addition of various precursors at two different concentrations did not significantly modify
root growth. Feeding (R,S)-phenyllactic acid stimulated the biosynthesis of both alkaloids, whereas the addition of ornithine specifically reduced
the scopolamine content.
Received: 12 March 1997 / Revision received: 22 April 1997 / Accepted: 5 May 1997 相似文献
11.
Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus cultures were treated with ethanol and tested for viability and β-galactosidase activity. Exposure of the biomass of test
cultures to 30%–55% ethanol (vol/vol) caused a 100% loss of viability and up to 15-fold increase in measurable β-galactosidase
activity in both streptococci and lactobacilli. Ethanol-treated cell suspensions could be stored for up to 6 months without
loss of enzyme activity. The nonviable permeabilized biomass of the more active S. thermophilus was used to achieve up to 80% hydrolysis of lactose in aqueous solutions and non-fat milk.
Received: 28 July 1997 / Accepted: 30 September 1997 相似文献
12.
A. A. Watad D.-J. Yun T. Matsumoto X. Niu Y. Wu A. K. Kononowicz R. A. Bressan P. M. Hasegawa 《Plant cell reports》1998,17(4):262-267
We have obtained transgenic lily (Lilium longiflorum) plants after microprojectile bombardment, using the Biolistics PDS 1000/He system, of morphogenic calli derived from bulblet
scales, followed by bialaphos selection. Parameters which gave the highest transient uidA expression were used: a bombardment pressure of 1100 psi, a target distance of 6 cm and a 48-h preculture on medium with
3% sucrose. A total of 1800 morphogenic calli were co-bombarded with plasmids containing either the uidA reporter or PAT selectable marker genes. After bombardment, the calli were exposed to 2 mg/l bialaphos. Only 72 of the shoot-forming calli
(4%) survived. The 72 shoot clusters produced 342 shoots on elongation medium containing 0.5 mg/l bialaphos. Only 55 plantlets
survived subsequent exposure to 2.0 mg/l bialaphos. PCR analysis indicated that 19 of these plantlets contained the PAT transgene. Southern analysis of 3 of the plants indicated that all contained the PAT gene.
Received: 21 March 1997 / Revision received: 8 July 1997 / Accepted: 7 August 1997 相似文献
13.
In vitro induction of tetraploidy in mulberry (Morus alba L.) 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
A high frequency of tetraploidy was induced in mulberry (Morus alba L.) through apical bud treatment under in vitro conditions. Apical buds from in vitro-grown plants were treated with three different concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%)
of colchicine in MS medium for 24 h. Tetraploidy at a frequency of 39.4±4.8% was obtained using 0.1% colchicine, whereas the
frequency of tetraploidy was significantly reduced to 16.7±2.3% when 0.2% colchicine was used. Morphological, histological
and cytological evidence indicated a phenotypic and genomic similarity of in vitro- with ex vitro-induced tetraploids. Rooting
of tetraploids was on basal medium containing 2.6 μm NAA. The recovery of tetraploids was 80.8% more efficient using the in vitro method instead of the ex vitro method. The use
of the same colchicine medium for up to 4 weeks with additional explants was found to be equally effective for the induction
of tetraploidy.
Received: 6 January 1997 / Revision received: 6 October 1997 / Accepted: 12 December 1997 相似文献
14.
Joachim Ruther Marion Homann Johannes L.M. Steidle 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2000,96(3):265-274
Brassiceye®traps baited with ethylisothiocyanate were modified and used to collect live adults of Delia radicum(L.) and Delia floralis(Fallén) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) from the field to observe the prevalence of Entomophthora muscae(Cohn) Fresenius and Strongwellsea castransBatko & Weiser. The traps were highly effective and selective for D. radicumand D. floralis. Of the flies identified, 98.4% in 1996 and 93.7% in 1997 were either D. radicumor D. floralis. In 1997 the maximum mean catch was as high as 82 flies per trap per day, and more than 80% of these were females.During both seasons E. muscaecaused relatively high levels of mortality in adult populations of D. radicumand D. floralis. The fungus caused a total infection level of 17.9% in 1996 and 47.7% in 1997 with infection peaks of 82.4% in 1996 and 87.5% in 1997. Both years, a significant positive correlation was found between E. muscaeprevalence and temperature. One infection peak was observed for S. castransin 1996, and during that season the total S. castransinfection level was 18.0%. In 1997, the total S. castransinfection level was as low as 8.1%. There is no strong indication that the prevalence of E. muscaeor S. castransdiffers between either the fly species or sexes within species. 相似文献
15.
Halobacteria require 20–25% NaCl for optimal growth and lyse when the salt concentration falls below 10%. The response of
Haloferax mediterranei cells to low concentrations of NaCl (< 20%) in the medium was studied. The cells adapted to and grew in concentrations of
NaCl as low as 10% and survived in concentrations lower than 5%. The cells synthesised a red pigment, bacterioruberin, in
response to stress caused by a low concentration of NaCl (< 20%).
Received: 3 January 1997 / Accepted: 18 April 1997 相似文献
16.
Carlos A. M. Fraga Eliezer J. Barreiro Edson F. da Silva Anderson R. dos Santos Maria da Conceio K. V. Ramos Francisco R. de Aquino Neto 《Chirality》1997,9(4):321-324
The improvement of the biocatalytic reduction of 2-allyl-carboethoxy-cyclopentanone (2) to the corresponding cyclopentanol derivative (+)-(1R,2R)-(1) was accomplished employing baker's yeast in organic media. This chiral cyclopentanol derivative (1), analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography performed over β-cyclodextrin stationary phase, was obtained in 38% yield (>99% e.e.). Chirality 9:321–324, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
17.
William Davison 《Polar Biology》1997,19(1):17-23
The Antarctic nototheniid fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki is a schooling, cryopelagic fish growing to about 280 mm maximum length. It is affected by X-cell disease, which causes gross
swelling of gill filaments. Overall, 22% of the fish sampled had X-cell disease with individual schools ranging from 9.2 to
43.9%, which is a very high incidence compared to figures of other fish with the disease. In P. borchgrevinki, the disease caused a doubling of gill mass but had no effect on liver mass. Condition factor of affected fish was low.
Received: 24 March 1997 / Accepted: 12 July 1997 相似文献
18.
A wheat cDNA coding for a thaumatin-like protein reveals a high level of RFLP in wheat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D. Mingeot J. M. Jacquemin 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(5-6):822-827
A cDNA clone that reveals a high level of polymorphism between wheat varieties was isolated from a wheat cDNA library. When
hybridized to DraI-, EcoRV- and HindIII digested DNA this clone, gbx3832, enables us to distinguish 42 different patterns among 48 varieties: 37 varieties are
clearly identified, the remaining 11 are divided into five groups. Base-sequence analysis of the clone reveals 72–74% sequence
identity to mRNAs encoding thaumatin-like proteins from different cereals.
Received: 27 January 1997 / Accepted: 18 April 1997 相似文献
19.
5-Hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, a versatile building block for the synthesis of new antituberculous agents, was prepared
by whole-cell biotransformation from 2-cyanopyrazine via pyrazinecarboxylic acid using Agrobacterium sp. DSM 6336. By developing a fermentation process for this two-enzyme-step bioconversion, a product concentration of 286 mM
(40 g/l) was obtained. After the isolation method had been optimized the total yield was 80%.
Received: 28 February 1997 / Received revision: 28 April 1997 / Accepted: 4 May 1997 相似文献
20.
The presence of two cry-like genes first identified in Clostridium bifermentans subsp. malaysia CH18 was investigated in Clostridium species including 12 subspecies of Clostridium bifermentans, 13 strains of other members of Clostridia genus, and 13 different subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis. Oligonucleotides designed to amplify the two toxin genes, cmb71 and cmb72, were used. We found that these genes are present in 80% of the Clostridium bifermentans strains tested and in 8% of the other Clostridium and Bacillus thuringiensis strains.
Received: 22 July 1997 / Accepted: 15 October 1997 相似文献