东海南部陆缘(莆、泉段)全新世沉积硅藻

对东海南部陆缘莆田、泉州地区两口钻井岩芯系统的沉积硅藻研究,共发现33属117种（或变种）硅藻化石,根据剖面硅藻组合特征的变化,结合计算机的对应分析结果划分了硅藻带,建立该区全新世的7个硅藻组合序列,恢复当时古环境演变的7个阶段,填补该区沉积硅藻系统研究的空白,丰富了海陆过渡沉积硅藻的研究。     

河北泥河湾盆地晚新生代介形类生物地层

通过河北阳原、蔚县泥河湾盆地晚新生代20余条剖面介形类生物地层的调查研究,发现非常丰富的介形类化石,计23属60余钟,自下而上可明显地划分为5个介形类化石组合带:1.Potamocypris plana-Candoniella-Ilyocypris组合带;2.Leucocythere-Ilyocypris-Candon...     

四川广安谢家槽剖面早―中三叠世有孔虫

四川海相三叠系地层分布广泛,发育富含有孔虫化石的碳酸盐岩,是我国研究三叠纪有孔虫生物地层的理想地区之一。四川广安谢家槽剖面早—中三叠世地层中产丰富的有孔虫化石,共识别出12属34种(包括未定种)。根据有孔虫化石群在地层中的分布特点,自下而上划分出4个组合带,即Rectocornuspira kalhori-Cornuspira mahajeri,Glomospirella vulgaris-Arenovidalina chialingchiangensis,Meandrospira pusilla-Glomospirella irregulariformis和Glomospira sinensis-Arenovidalina amylovoluta组合带。有孔虫化石带的建立为该地区海相三叠系地层的时代确定和划分对比提供了重要的化石依据。     

渤海晚冰期以来环境变化的化石形类证据

对渤海中央盆地Ｂ９２－３孔以及莱州湾Ｂ９２－２孔柱状样进行了介形类属种、丰度和分异度分析,并半Ｂ９２－３孔和Ｂ９２－１孔的介一菜类划分出６个组合带。根据渤、黄海地区不同沉积环境中现代介形类的分布,将剖面中的介形类分成滨岸－河口区的Ｓinocytheridea组合和近岸区的Munseyell组合.     

南海184站深海沉积中孢粉、藻类研究及古环境分析

对南海184站深海柱状剖面进行了孢粉、藻类研究,根据孢粉成分的变化将南海184站深海沉积从下至上划分了5个孢粉组合带,依次为:Ⅰ带(460-370 cm):Quercus(常绿)-Pinus-Dacrydium-Magnolia-Polypodiaceae孢粉带;Ⅱ带(370-250 cm):Taxodiaceae-Quercus(常绿)-Pinus-Polypodiaceae孢粉带;Ⅲ带(250-140 cm):Pinus-Polypodiaceae-Gramineae-Pteridium孢粉带;Ⅳ带(140-95 cm):Polypodiaceae-Pinus-Quercus(常绿)-Gramineae孢粉带;Ⅴ带(95-0 cm):Dacrydium-Pinus-Cyathea-Polypodiaceae孢粉带.并相应恢复了南海东部12万年以来4个植被、气候和古环境演替阶段,结合氧同位素测年资料,对184站柱状地层时代划分做了讨论,为南海古植被、古气候和古环境演变研究提供了科学依据.     

贵州罗甸边阳镇关刀剖面三叠纪牙形石序列及阶的划分

关刀剖面可初步划分15个牙形石带和动物群,自下而上为:Hindeodus parvus- H. anterodentatus组合带,Neospathodus dieneri延限带,Ns. pakistanensis间隔带( ?) ,Ns. waageni- Parachirognathus动物群,Ns.crassatus延限带,Ns.symmetricus- Ns .homeri间隔带,Chiosellati morensis延限带,Nicoraella germanicus- Nic .kockeli间隔带,Paragondolella bulgarica延限带,Neogondolella constricta间隔带,Ng. constricta cornuda间隔带,Budurovignathus truempyi延限带,Bv. hungaricus间隔带,Bv. mungoensis间隔带,Metapolygnathus polyg-nathiformis动物群。根据牙形石对比划分了阶。安尼阶(或青岩阶)底界年龄可能为247 Ma。     

福建顺昌地区晚石炭世-早二叠世(筵)类生物地层

在对福建顺昌半山石灰岩矿区Ⅰ号地层剖面中的(簇)类化石进行系统鉴定和描述的基础上,根据(簇)类化石在地层中的分布和垂向变化规律,自下而上划分为5个带:1)Triticites shikhanensis compactus带,2)Pseudoschwagerina galatea带,3)Sphaeroschwagerin...     

广西南丹罗富等地下、中泥盆统介形类化石

一前言本文描述的标本采自南丹罗富剖面益兰组、塘丁组和塘乡组,少量采自南宁五象岭和崇左那艺的罗富组,计12属2亚属19种,包括1新属(Bisulcoentomozoe)7新种8未定种。在上述19种中,有12种属于足虫介超科(Entomozoacea),根据它们的地层分布特征,初步划分为2带和1组合,自下而上分别是:largiglobosa组合,tuberculata带和longisulcata带。表1中的praeerecta-suberecta组合和suberecta-subcircularis组合是在《广西及邻近地区中泥盆世晚     

福建将乐早二叠世的■类动物群

本文介绍了福建将乐玉华洞剖面(ZYI)的■类动物群,计9属18种,根据■类化石在地层中的分布和垂向变化规律,自下而上划分为4个带:1)Pseudoschwagerina miharanoensis带,2)Sphaeroschwagerina sphaerica带,3)Eoparafusulina shengi带和4)Staffella pseudosphaeroidea带。这些■类动物群的发现,不但为福建省二叠系■类生物地层提供了新的素材,而且对华南地区二叠系地层的划分和对比具有一定意义。     

新疆玛纳斯河畔红沟剖面西山窑组和头屯河组孢粉组合及地层意义

本文系统地研究了新疆玛纳斯河红沟剖面西山窑组和头屯河组孢粉化石,共计51属108种。根据孢粉属种组成及其含量的变化,自下而上分为2套组合:1.Cyathidites-Neoraistrisckia-Disacciatrileti(CND)组合,2.Cyathidites-Disacciatrileti-Classopollis(CDC)组合。依据组合中一些重要分子的地质时限讨论及其与相关组合的对比,将“CND”组合的地质时代归为中侏罗世早期,“CDC”组合归为中侏罗世晚期。在综合分析和对比新疆一些地区中侏罗世孢粉组合的基础上,自下而上建立了2个孢粉组合带,即:Cyathidites-Neoraistrisckia-Quadraeculina-Cycadopites(CNQC)组合带,Cyathidites-Quadraeculina-Classopollis(CQC)组合带。     

PERIPHYTIC DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES FROM ULTRA‐OLIGOTROPHIC AND UV TRANSPARENT LAKES AND PONDS ON VICTORIA ISLAND AND COMPARISONS WITH OTHER DIATOM SURVEYS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC1

Periphytic diatoms are potentially powerful indicators of environmental change in climatically‐sensitive high latitude regions. However, only a few studies have examined their taxonomic and ecological characteristics. We identified and enumerated diatom assemblages from sediment, rock, and moss habitats in 34 ultra‐oligotrophic and highly transparent lakes and ponds on Victoria Island, Arctic Canada. The similar limnological characteristics of the sites allowed us to examine the influence of habitat, independent of water chemistry, on the diatom assemblages. As is typical in shallow arctic water bodies, benthic taxa, including species of Achnanthes, Caloneis, Cymbella, Navicula, and Nitzschia, were most widely represented. Minor gradients in our measured environmental variables did not significantly explain any variance in diatom species, but there were marked differences in diatom assemblages among sites. Pond ephemerality seems to explain some diatom variation, because aerophilic taxa such as Achnanthes kryophila Petersen and A. marginulata Grunow were dominant in shallow sites that had undergone appreciable reductions in volume. We identified several taxa that exhibited strong habitat preferences to sediment, moss, or rock substrates and also found significant differences (P < 0.01) in diatom composition among the three habitats. In comparisons with three similar diatom surveys extending over 1200 km of latitude, we determined that surface sediment assemblages differed significantly (P < 0.001) among all regions examined. Diatom species diversity was inversely related to latitude, a result likely explained by differences in the lengths of growing seasons. These data contribute important ecological information on diatom assemblages in arctic regions and will aid in the interpretation of environmental changes in biomonitoring and paleolimnological studies.     

BENTHIC DIATOM AUTECOLOGY AND INFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPMENT FROM THE CANADIAN HIGH ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO1

Diatom assemblages were analyzed from 64 lakes and ponds from Alert, Ellesmere Island and Mould Bay, Prince Patrick Island in the Canadian High Arctic Archipelago. Diverse water chemistry conditions and diatom communities were present in these sites. Small benthic taxa typically dominated diatom communities; however, assemblages were markedly different between Alert and Mould Bay sites in response to disparate water chemistry characteristics in the two regions. The most abundant taxa belonged to the genera Navicula, Cymbella, Achnanthes, Nitzschia, and Pinnularia. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that pH, specific conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, and total phosphorus were the most important limnological variables in determining species composition. Diatom inference models were developed for pH, specific conductivity, and dissolved organic carbon using weighted averaging and weighted averaging partial least squares techniques; these had root mean square error of prediction/r²_boot values of 0.40/0.77, 0.28/0.70, and 0.24/0.55, respectively. These models are applicable to sites with large ranges of taxonomic and limnological variation and will allow the reconstruction of past changes of climate‐related limnological parameters from biostratigraphic records in future paleolimnological studies.     

Multivariate analysis of periphytic and benthic diatom assemblages from Papua New Guinea

The benthic and periphytic diatom flora is studied in 136 fresh waters in Papua New Guinea. DCA ordination and TWINSPAN are used to describe 20 diatom assemblages. Conductivity, water temperature and altitude are the main sources for the variation in the data. Laing Island Biological Station publication n° 214 Laing Island Biological Station publication n° 214     

Determining diatom ecotones and their relationship to terrestrial ecoregion designations in the central Canadian Arctic Islands

Ecotones are key areas for the detection of global change because many are predicted to move with shifts in climate. Prince of Wales Island, in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, spans the transition between mid‐ to high‐Arctic ecoregions. We analyzed limnological variables and recent diatom assemblages from its lakes and ponds to determine if assemblages reflected this ecotone. Limnological gradients were short, and water chemistry explained 20.0% of diatom variance in a redundancy analysis (RDA), driven primarily by dissolved organic carbon, Ca and SO₄. Most taxa were small, benthic forms; key taxa such as planktonic Cyclotella species were restricted to the warmer, southern portion of the study area, while benthic Staurosirella were associated with larger, ice‐dominated lakes. Nonetheless, there were no significant changes in diatom assemblages across the mid‐ to high‐Arctic ecoregion boundary. We combined our data set with one from nearby Cornwallis Island to expand the study area and lengthen its environmental gradients. Within this expanded data set, 40.6% of the diatom variance was explained by a combination of water chemistry and geographic variables, and significant relationships were revealed between diatom distributions and key limnological variables, including pH, specific conductivity, and chl‐a. Using principal coordinates analysis, we estimated community turnover with latitude and applied piecewise linear regression to determine diatom ecotone positions. A pronounced transition was present between Prince of Wales Island and the colder, more northerly Cornwallis Island. These data will be important in detecting any future northward ecotone movement in response to predicted Arctic climate warming in this highly sensitive region.     

Diatom (Bacillariophyceae) assemblages in tidal environments of Vancouver Island,British Columbia,Canada

To understand distributions of coastal diatoms along Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, this paper describes diatom assemblages observed in 47 surface sediment samples from intertidal environments. One hundred and eighty-four diatom taxa were identified from five transects crossing tidal flats, salt marshes, and freshwater forests in Tofino, Ucluelet, and Port Alberni. Distributions of the diatom assemblages were consistent with those reported elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest, but a few diatom taxa show different trends in their distributions. For example, one benthic species Denticula subtilis shows widespread distributions along the transect in Tofino. An ordination shown by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) using a combined dataset indicated overlapped scatter plots of diatom assemblages, suggesting that assemblages with similar species compositions are observed in more than one location. Hierarchical and k-means clustering analyses using Euclidean distance recognized unique small groups along each transect. Rank abundance curves show different trends for richness and evenness of diatom assemblages among the five transects.     

Evaluating diatom community composition in the absence of marked limnological gradients in the high Arctic: a surface sediment calibration set from Cornwallis Island (Nunavut,Canada)

Fossil diatom assemblages preserved within the sedimentary record in Arctic lakes provide the potential to reconstruct past changes in important limnological variables. During the summers of 1992 and 1993, we examined previously unstudied freshwater ecosystems on Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada, with the specific objectives of (1) documenting the limnology and modern diatom assemblages from this region, and (2) determining which environmental variables most influence diatom species distributions. The Cornwallis Island study sites displayed the least amount of variance in measured water chemistry variables in comparison to nearly all of our labs’ previous freshwater surveys in the Arctic. The small limnological gradients precluded the development of a statistically robust diatom inference model, but perhaps more importantly, allowed us to explore variations in diatom composition in the absence of marked variations in water chemistry. Diatom species turnover was minimal, with the most common diatom taxa being Achnanthidium minutissima, Nitzschia perminuta, N. frustulum, with lesser percent abundances of Chaemaepinnularia soehrensis, Navicula chiarae, Psammothidium marginulata, and A. kryophila. A small number of study sites differed from the majority with respect to water chemistry (e.g., coastal sites with high specific conductivities) and habitat availability (e.g., ephemeral ponds with extensive moss habitats), and these sites had markedly different diatom assemblages. These data reinforce previous observations that water chemistry and other climate-related factors are the primary environmental controls influencing diatom distributions at high latitudes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

崇明东滩DT孔有孔虫组合特征及其环境意义

通过对崇明东滩DT孔的微体古生物学研究,结合沉积物粒度特征、环境磁学特征及14C测年分析,详细阐述了崇明东滩13.0kaBP年来的有孔虫组合特征。自下而上将该孔有孔虫划分出5个组合带,探讨了DT孔5个有孔虫组合带潮流作用变化特点,自组合带1(13.0—8.0kaBP)至组合带4(1.0—0.36kaBP)潮流作用依次增强;组合带4(1.0—0.36kaBP)至组合带5(0.36—0kaBP)潮流作用呈减弱趋势变化;沉积速率自组合带1(13.0—8.0kaBP)至组合带5(0.36—0kaBP)变化特点为较低→高→较高→低→较低;自13.0kaBP年来,按浅海→浅海-河口湾→三角洲前缘-前三角洲→河口沙坝→潮汐水道-潮滩的规律演变。     

Diatoms and their relationship to environmental variables from lakes and ponds on Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canadian High Arctic

Baseline and historical environmental data are sparse in the High Arctic, however diatom assemblages preserved in high arctic lake and pond sediment profiles can provide proxy data of past environmental changes. Ecological data, however, are still sparse. Diatom taxa preserved in the surficial sediment of lakes and ponds on Bathurst Island (75° 42 N, 97° 21 W), Nunavut, Canadian High Arctic, and their relationship to 34 environmental variables were examined using multivariate statistics. A total of 148 diatom taxa were identified from the surface sediments of 29 study sites. Five environmental variables, Fe³⁺, Total Phosphorus (Unfiltered) (TPU), Total Nitrogen (TN), Temperature (TEMP) and pH significantly (P0.05) accounted for most of the variation in the diatom assemblages. TN was also significantly correlated to other variables (e.g. TPF, DOC, POC). A CCA constrained to TN indicated that this variable best explained the species distributions, and a weighted-averaging (WA) model was developed to infer nutrient levels from the relative abundances of the 58 dominant taxa. Interestingly, previous limnological work indicated that nitrogen most likely limited algal production in some of these high arctic sites. This model may be used to quantitatively estimate past TN levels from diatom assemblages preserved in sediment cores from Bathurst Island, and may provide a means to track past environmental changes in the High Arctic.     

Diatom assemblages and their relationships to lakewater nitrogen levels and other limnological variables from 36 lakes and ponds on Banks Island,N.W.T., Canadian Arctic

Banks Island, in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, has been identified as an important reference site for studies of environmental change, especially as it relates to climatic warming. The island is logistically manageable (i.e. researchers can survey the entire island in one field season) and, most importantly, spans three major ecoclimatic regions supporting a diverse and large bird and mammal population. Developing upon earlier work by the authors describing the limnology of Banks Island, this current study: (1) examines which physical and chemical limnological variables influence diatom assemblages in this relatively lush island; and (2) explores variations in the diatom assemblages by ecoclimatic zones. The relationship between diatom taxa from a 36 lake/pond surface sediment calibration set and a suite of limnological variables was explored using multivariate statistics. Dominant diatom species varied based on changing limnological characteristics, particularly between the colder, ultra-oligotrophic lakes in the more northern High Arctic regions compared to the warmer, more nitrogen-rich sites in the Low Arctic regions of Banks Island. Exploration of diatom ecoclimatic and environmental preferences revealed interesting relationships, including the development of a diatom-based transfer function that could be used to track overall trends on lakewater nitrogen concentrations, which may enable future paleolimnological studies to track shifts in nutrient levels and climatic, and other environmental changes. Handling editor: J. Padisak