绿盲蝽发生规律及防治

<正> 随着大毫、福丁等茶树品种的不断推广,原来主要在杂草,棉花和其它植物上为害的绿盲蝽 Lygus lucorum Mayer-Dur,近年来在江苏茶园的为害日趋严重,尤其是无锡茶区,常年春茶芽梢被害率达30％以上,严重影响了茶叶的产量和质量。笔者自1988年起,连续3年在本所茶园内对绿盲蝽的发生规律进行了系统调     

绿盲蝽成虫的田间活动规律

本文通过粘虫板诱捕试验,研究了绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)成虫在田间的活动规律。结果发现,绿盲蝽成虫主要在棉花顶部附近飞行,在高于棉花顶部20 cm处诱捕到的绿盲蝽显著多于50 cm和80 cm处(P<0.05)。在田间飞行时,绿盲蝽成虫没有明确的偏好方向,在东西南北各方位上的成虫诱捕量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。在昼夜节律上,绿盲蝽成虫集中在傍晚至凌晨时分活动,其中16:00至翌日4:00之间雌雄成虫的诱捕量分别占全天的100%和92.6%。     

中黑盲蝽若虫棉田调查技术研究

根据中黑盲蝽田间分布规律,初次提出以虫株百分率来估测百株虫量的简易调查法。经检验认为,估测百株虫量理论值与实查百株虫量之间差异不显著。用平行线式与随机式抽样方法比较估测法与实查法同总体平均数的差异程度,均表明前者差异相对最小。还明确估测法的相对允许误差水平在10％左右,同时确定了盲蝽不同虫口密度下的理论抽样数。     

棉田中黑盲蝽和绿盲蝽危害症状异同观察

中黑盲＄Adelphocorl,suturallsJakovlev．和绿盲吟吟guslucorumMeye,Der．是我国长江中下游棉区的重要害虫,每年都有发生。由于作物品种布局及非栽培寄主等发生条件因素的改变,两种盲蟑在年度间及代次间种群比例交替升降,主次地位随之变化。盲峡对棉花的嫩头：叶、蕾、花、铃均能危害,对棉花产量影响很大。为鉴别两种盲峙的危害症状,以便于搞好田间诊断、了解消长动态、正确指导防治,我们采取大田调查和接虫模拟相结合的办法,进行了两种盲格危害症状异同点的观察,现将结果报告于后。王子叶期危害症状棉苗子叶刚平展时受中黑盲…     

甘薯跃盲蝽的研究

<正> 甘薯跃盲蝽Ectmetopterus micantulus(Horváth),国内已知分布北京、山东(泰安)、上海、四川(乐山)等省市;国外分布于朝鲜和日本。近年在浙江丽水、青田、龙泉、松阳和云和等山区为害甘薯、大豆、玉米等作物,此外鸭跖     

南疆棉田盲蝽类害虫种群数量动态

2002 ~2004年研究了南疆地区棉花盲蝽类害虫的发生和种群动态及棉花品种的影响。结果表明,危害棉花的盲蝽类害虫有牧草盲蝽Lygus pratensis(L.)和苜蓿盲蝽Adelphocoris lineolatus(Goeze) ,其中牧草盲蝽为主要为害种类,其数量占盲蝽类害虫的99.93 %。2002,2003和2004年,牧草盲蝽最高密度分别为56.0,105.3和53.7头/百株,而苜蓿盲蝽3年中最高密度<0.1头/百株。对转基因抗虫棉GK19(表达Cry1A杀虫蛋白)、SGK321(表达Cry1A/CpTI杀虫蛋白)和普通棉花泗棉3号、石远321的研究表明2种盲蝽在不同品种上的季节性数量动态没有显著性差别。     

中国奥盲蝽属及盲蝽亚科新分类单元(半翅目:盲蝽科)

报道奥盲蝽属Orthops Fieber共4种,对锈褐奥盲蝽O.ferrugineus(Reuter)和纹头奥盲蝽O.viticeps(Reuter)提供了补充鉴别特征,为黑唇厘盲蝽Liistonotus melatostoma(Reuter)首次提供雄性外生殖器特征。记述2新种：香榧硕丽盲蝽Macrolygus torreyae Zheng,sp.nov.,模式产地为浙江建德,吸食香榧幼果,造成危害,双纹猥盲蝽Tinginotum bilineatum Zheng,Sp.nov。模式产地为海南吊罗山,记载中国新纪录5种：点缘拟猥盲蝽Argenis incisuratus(Walker,1873),带胸猥盲蝽Tinginotum perlatum linnavuori,1961,马来皱斑盲蝽Hyqlopeplinus malayensis Carvalho et Gross,1979,尖角透翅盲蝽Hyalopeplus(Hyalopeplus)clavatus Distant,1909,班楔透翅盲蝽Hyalopeplus(Adhyalopeplus)similis(Poppius,1912),模式标本除注明者外,均存南开大学生物系标本室。     

异草盲蝽属一新种及陕西昧盲蝽雌性的描述(半翅目,盲蝽科)

记述了盲蝽科盲蝽亚科异草盲蝽属Heterolygus Zheng et Yu 1新种,郑氏异草盲蝽Heterolygus zhengi sp.nov.,模式标本采于我国四川省炉霍。发现了盲蝽科合垫盲蝽亚科昧盲蝽属Mecomma Fieber陕西昧盲蝽Mecomma shaanxiensis Liuet Yamamoto的短翅型雌性,并进行了描述。标本均保存于内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院昆虫标本馆。     

薇盲蝽属和宽垫盲蝽族中国种类E述(半翅目,盲蝽科,单室盲蝽亚科)

记述了中国分布的薇盲蝽属Monalocorgs 5个种,其中包括3新种:黄盾薇盲蝽M.fulviscutellatus sp. nov.、黑黄薇盲蝽M.nigroflavis sp.nov.、赭胸薇盲蝽M. ochraceus sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种:大岛薇盲蝽M.a-mamianus Yasunaga,2000;以及宽垫盲蝽族6属9种,其中包括1个新纪录属:榕盲蝽属Dioclerus Distant,1910和2个新纪录种:泰榕盲蝽Dioclerus thailandensgs Stonedahl,1988、四斑芋盲蝽Ernestinus tetrastigma Yasunaga,2000.     

棉铃虫幼虫的活动规律及其防治时机探讨

针对所谓抗性棉铃虫防治不易问题,通过观察、试验发现与喷药防治时间选择有关。提出在傍晚露水下来后喷药最佳,比中午高温时喷药及日落后喷药防效分别提高87%及75.9%。     

Disruption of sexual communication in the mirid bug Lygocoris pabulinus by hexyl butanoate

1 The metathoracic scent gland in Lygocoris pabulinus contains mostly hexyl butanoate. As secretions of this gland in Heteroptera may serve as an alarm pheromone, we determined whether hexyl butanoate is released by disturbed bugs, and whether this compound disrupts sexual attraction of L. pabulinus males towards females. 2 Undisturbed males and females, and disturbed males released less than 100 ng/h hexyl butanoate, whereas disturbed females released a highly variable amount, ranging from 25 ng/h to more than 1 μg/h. 3 In the field, traps with virgin females and rubber septa containing 20 mg hexyl butanoate, caught a total of one male in a month. In control traps without hexyl butanoate, 36 males were caught in the same period. 4 In Y‐track olfactometer tests, males were not attracted to virgin females when a dispenser with 20 mg hexyl butanoate was placed in the bottle with females. Males were attracted to females when the dispenser was placed downwind from the females, but upwind from the point of male release. 5 These results suggest that males are not repelled by hexyl butanoate, but that this compound inhibits sex pheromone release in females. Application possibilities for pest management are discussed.     

The phenology of Lygus rugulipennis, the European tarnished plant bug, on late-season strawberries, and control with insecticides

The phenology of Lygus rugulipennis, the European tarnished plant bug, was studied in fields of strawberries producing late-season (July to September) crops. Adults invaded fields in small numbers, mainly in July. Large numbers of nymphs were found in late July and early August; these matured into adults from late August. Adults formed the overwintering population; some remained in strawberry fields but left in spring to feed on other host plants. All the insecticides tested, i.e. malathion, chlorpyrifos, heptenophos, cypermethrin, bifenthrin and trichlorfon, gave good short-term control of nymphs.     

Characterization of mealy substance secreted by the tuber crops pest mealy bug,Rhizoecus amoprhophalli

Rhizoecus amorphophalli is a polyphagous and very serious sucking insect pest on the root and tuber of plants. White powdery mealy substance associated with R. amorphophalli, gives protection to the insect. Mealy substance was isolated using a stereo zoom binocular microscope. Purity of the mealy substance was analysed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Thin-layer chromatography. The structure of mealy substance was determined based on extensive spectroscopic analyses (FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR). Based on the NMR data, the mealy substance was identified as a long-chained aliphatic hydrocarbon (ester) containing 30 carbon atoms.     

Haematological effects of apholate in the red cotton bug,Dysdercus koenigii

Topical application of sterilizing doses of apholate causes haematological changes in the adults ofDysdercus koenigii. The normal males have less haemolymph (13–16 l) than females (18–37 l) for the first 120 hr of adult life. Apholate treatment significantly reduces the haemolymph volume of both the sexes. There are significantly more haemocytes in circulation in adult females than in males. The total haemocyte count shows an initial increase up to 48 hr, but later indicates a drastic reduction in the treated males and females. The plasmatocytes of the treated insects are found to reduce in numbers and the prohaemocytes become the predominant type, while in controls the plasmatocytes are the major type of haemocytes.

---

Zusammenfassung Topicale Anwendung von sterilisierenden Dosen von Apholat verursacht hämatologische Änderungen bei den Adulten vonDysdercus koenigii. Die normalen Männchen haben weniger Hämolymphe (13–16 l) als Weibchen (18–37 l) in den ersten 120 h des adulten Lebens. Apholatbehandlung reduziert signifikant das Hämolymphvolumen beider Geschlechter. Es sind signifikant mehr Hämocyten im Umlauf bei adulten Weibchen als bei Männchen. Zählung der Gesamthämocyten zeigt bei behandelten Männchen und Weibchen ein anfängliches Anwachsen bis zu 48 h, später aber eine drastische Reduktion. Die Zahl der Plasmatocyten der behandelten Insekten erwies sich als abnehmend und die Prohämocyten werden der überwiegende Typ, während in der Kontrolle die Plasmatocyten der Haupttyp der Hämocyten sind.

     

Discrete-time host-parasitoid models with pest control

We propose a simple discrete-time host-parasitoid model to investigate the impact of external input of parasitoids upon the host-parasitoid interactions. It is proved that the input of the external parasitoids can eventually eliminate the host population if it is above a threshold and it also decreases the host population level in the unique interior equilibrium. It can simplify the host-parasitoid dynamics when the host population practices contest competition. We then consider a corresponding optimal control problem over a finite time period. We also derive an optimal control model using a chemical as a control for the hosts. Applying the forward-backward sweep method, we solve the optimal control problems numerically and compare the optimal host populations with the host populations when no control is applied. Our study concludes that applying a chemical to eliminate the hosts directly may be a more effective control strategy than using the parasitoids to indirectly suppress the hosts.     

Effects of cotton condensed tannin on feeding and digestion in the cotton pest, Heliothis zea

Condensed tannin of cotton incorporated into an artificial diet caused growth inhibition in H. zea larvae whose susceptibility was dependent upon the concentration of the dietary tannin, and also upon the size of the feeding larvae.Larvae feeding on tannin-treated diet exhibited both decreased protease and invertase activities in the midgut caecal wall, as well as lowered total protein and sugar levels in the haemolymph as compared to controls. These differences, however, had no effect on assilimation and efficiency of conversion of digested matter into animal biomass and therefore may be secondary effects. Ultimately, inhibition of growth is attributed to a reduction in food consumption.     

Impact of different levels of non-Bt cotton refuges on pest populations,bollworm damage,and Bt cotton production

The impact of structured strip row refugia (varying from 10% to 50%) in the Bt cotton crops JKCH1947Bt (producing one toxin, Cry1Ac) and MRC7017BGII (producing two toxins, Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) on the pest complex and cotton yield was studied. During the cropping season (June 2008 to November 2008), sucking pest incidence was negligible. However, the incidences of spotted bollworm, Earias vittella, and the leafroller, Sylepta derogata, were high on the non-Bt cotton. The total cotton seed yield of the Bt crop plus the refuge decreased proportionately with respect to the increase in proportion of non-Bt cotton. Total cotton production decreased significantly when 40% non-Bt cotton was planted as refuge. These studies showed that a refuge of up to 30% non-Bt cotton in JKCH1947Bt and up to 20% non-Bt cotton in MRC7017Bt did not affect total seed cotton yield compared to 100% Bt cotton.     

威胁棉花生产的外来入侵新害虫——扶桑绵粉蚧

2008年8月,在广东省广州市发现一种严重危害扶桑的害虫,经鉴定确认为扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley。2008年12月16日调查发现,在广州市的扶桑上多点发生。扶桑绵粉蚧原产美洲,最近几年入侵印度和巴基斯坦,严重危害棉花,其暴发危害已经造成了重大损失,成为威胁世界棉花安全的重大入侵害虫。文章提供扶桑绵粉蚧的形态特征、寄主、分布、危害等情况,并对其检疫与防控措施等提出建议。