柱状田头菇(白杨树菇)中蛋白质的营养评价

柱状田头菇（白杨树菇）Agrocybe cylindracea(=Agrocybe aegerita)又名柳环菌、柳松茸。属伞菌目,田头菇属。该菇味道鲜,盖肥柄脆,气味香浓,是一种食药用价值很高的伞菌,但关于该菇的营养价值的研究,国内外未见报道。本文分析了柱状田头菇子实体的氨基酸组成,采用国际上通用的评价方法(FAO,1970),对其营养进行评价。 1材料与方法 1.1供试样品 采用棉籽壳料栽培的新鲜柱状田头菇子实体,采收后75℃烘干,粉碎后作分析样品。 1.2蛋白质测定 采用凯氏定氮法测定柱状田头菇子实体蛋白质 1.3氨基酸组成分析 采用日立835-50型自动分析仪…     

柱状田头菇生长发育中9种胞外酶活性的测定

柱状田头菇Agrocybe aegerita作为一种新开发的食用菌,越来越受到消费者的喜爱和研究者的关注,但在其栽培生产中遇到的产量相对较低的问题,一直未能得到很好的解决,致使柱状田头菇的栽培难以得到大规模的推广。本研究对不同来源的柱状田头菇在其6个不同生长发育阶段中,9种与培养料中主要组分分解相关的胞外酶活性的变化进行了测定,结果表明：柱状田头菇属褐腐菌,对非木质纤维素的利用能力最强,对纤维素的利用能力较强,对木质素的利用能力较差,但柱状田头菇具有漆酶活性。     

柱状田头菇生长发育中9种胞外酶活性的测定

柱状田头菇Ａｇｒｏｃｙｂｅ ａｅｂｅｒｉｔａ作为一种新开发的食用菌,越来越受到消费者的喜爱和研究者的关注,但在其栽培生产中遇到的产量相对较低的问题,一直未能得到很好的解决,致使柱状田头菇的栽培难以得到大规模的推广。本研究对不同来源的柱状田头菇在其６个不同生长发育阶段中,９种与培养料中主要组分分解相关的胞外酶活性的变化进行了测定,结果表明：柱状田头菇属褐腐菌,对非木质纤维素的利用能力最强,对纤维素的     

柱状田头菇菌丝对镉胁迫的抗氧化响应

研究了不同浓度Cd处理对柱状田头菇菌丝抗氧化酶及谷胱甘肽含量的影响.结果表明,在低浓度范围内随着Cd处理浓度的增加,菌丝抗氧化酶的活力上升,过氧化氢酶(CAT)与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性分别在Cd浓度为0.1和0.4mmol·L-1时达最大值;过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性在Cd浓度为0.2mmol·L-1时达到峰值.而在高Cd浓度处理时,柱状田头菇菌丝抗氧化酶系(POD、CAT、SOD等)显著受到抑制.0.4~1.6mmol·L-1Cd处理可显著提高菌丝体内还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平,却不影响氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量.在整个试验过程中,均未检测到抗坏血酸及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性.用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析Cd胁迫下柱状田头菇菌丝抗氧化酶的同工酶谱发现,0.1~0.8mmol·L-1Cd处理可诱导过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)和脂氧合酶(LOX)新同工酶的表达,提高组成型过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶的表达强度;1.6mmol·L-1Cd处理显著抑制POD、CAT、SOD等的表达.     

PEG介导的柱状田头菇遗传转化体系建立

柱状田头菇（茶树菇）Agrocybe aegerita是一种美味的食用菌,具有极高的经济价值。随着其全基因组测序的完成,功能基因组学研究也逐渐展开,其中,高效的遗传转化体系作为技术基础成为研究重点。本研究以柱状田头菇原生质体为受体、潮霉素抗性基因（hph）作为筛选标记,以增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因（egfp）为报告基因,应用PEG介导法进行柱状田头菇遗传转化体系研究。结果表明,150μg/mL潮霉素可以完全抑制柱状田头菇的生长。30℃下用2%裂解酶液酶解菌丝3h,能够获得最大得率的原生质体。通过PEG介导将构建好的DNA片段转化入柱状田头菇原生质体,通过潮霉素抗性筛选获得转化子,转化得率达到7个/μg DNA。PCR验证和荧光显微镜观察,外源片段成功转入柱状田头菇中并稳定表达。本研究建立的PEG介导转化体系,为柱状田头菇基因功能研究提供了技术基础。     

云芝、灵芝和柱状田头菇胞外多糖对果蝇寿命的影响

研究了云芝、灵芝、柱状田头菇等3种食药用真菌胞外多糖及复合多糖对黑腹果蝇寿命的影响.分别将3种食药用真菌胞外多糖及复合多糖以1、5g/L的剂量加入果蝇培养基中,观察对黑腹果蝇寿命的影响.结果表明,3种食药用真菌的胞外多糖及复合多糖对果蝇寿命均有不同程度的延长,云芝5g/L、柱状田头菇5g/L、云芝2.5g/L＋柱状田头菇2.5g/L、灵芝2.5g/L＋柱状田头菇2.5g/L对果蝇平均寿命延长率分别达到了36.38%、46.60%、36.69%、47.08%.     

7种不同蜜源蜂蜜的化学组成及抗氧化性

为了解不同蜜源蜂蜜的化学组成及抗氧化活性差异,并探索二者关系,本文较系统的研究了7种不同蜜源蜂蜜的化学组成及抗氧化性,为评价蜂蜜的保健功能提供了理论依据.实验采用分光光度法测定了蜂蜜色度、总酚和总黄酮含量;以23种酚类化合物为对照品,利用高效液相色谱法(High-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC) 测定了蜂蜜中的酚类化合物;最后测定了蜂蜜的抗氧化能力.对上述指标进行相关性分析表明,色度值越大,蜂蜜中的总酚和总黄酮含量越高;蜂蜜的总酚含量与其抗氧化活性相关性极显著(R2=0.881**);整体上表现出蜂蜜颜色越深,总酚与总黄酮含量越高,其抗氧化能力越强.     

柱状田头菇白色变种遗传分析

为分析柱状田头菇白色变种的遗传,以白色变种Ag.c0002和野生型Ag.c0067为亲本,通过原生质体单核化获得两亲本的单核菌株,配对杂交获得F1,从2个F1的子实体分离单孢菌株,与白色变种Ag.c0002的原生质体单核化菌株“2-2”进行回交配对,出菇观察子实体颜色,分析菇体颜色的遗传规律。结果显示,柱状田头菇子实体白色为隐性性状,且受单一位点基因控制,此外,菇体颜色基因与不亲和性因子A或B都没有连锁。     

六种食用菌体外抗氧化及抗细胞增殖活性研究

以海鲜菇、香菇、茶树菇、杏鲍菇、平菇及金针菇6种食用菌为试验材料,比较各食用菌的抗氧化及抗细胞增殖活性。通过测定总抗氧化、总还原能力,以及对自由基的清除能力评价各食用菌体外抗氧化活性,Alamar blue法检测各提取物的抗细胞增殖活性。结果表明,各食用菌的总酚和总黄酮含量分别在155.76 mg/L-283.54 mg/L和5.19 mg/L-49.79 mg/L之间。其中,金针菇、茶树菇和香菇的总酚和总黄酮含量较高,海鲜菇和平菇含量最低。茶树菇和香菇的总抗氧化能力和总还原力(分别是22.94 U/L和20.10 U/L,0.26和0.233)优于其他几种食用菌。金针菇对DPPH·、·OH清除能力高于其他食用菌(分别是48.8%和75.12%),各食用菌对O2-·清除能力没有明显差别。6种食用菌提取物对HepG2、SGC-7901、NCI-H460、MDA-MB-231、LO2细胞均具有一定的增殖抑制作用,其中茶树菇对HepG2和NCI-H460细胞抑制作用最高(IC50=4.62±2.13,4.96±1.84 mL/L),而金针菇对SGC-7901和MDA-MB-231细胞增殖抑制作用最强(IC50=5.01±1.03,6.95±1.03 mL/L),而各提取物对LO2细胞的增殖抑制活性都最低。各食用菌均具有一定的抗氧化和抑制肿瘤增殖能力,其中茶树菇、香菇、金针菇的抗氧化和抑制肿瘤增殖活性最强。     

肚倍蚜对高单宁环境的抗氧化反应研究

肚倍蚜Kaburagia rhusicola Takagi是我国的一种重要的资源昆虫,其瘿内生活环境较特殊(虫瘿单宁含量为70%)。为了解肚倍蚜适应高单宁环境生化机制,本研究以性母为对照,测定了瘿内不同时期肚倍蚜体内总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)的活性,分析了肚倍蚜体内的抗氧化系统对高单宁环境胁迫所作出的相关反应。研究表明,与对照相比,瘿内时期肚倍蚜体内的总抗氧化能力、CAT和POD活性均显著升高;SOD和GST活性除在有翅蚜阶段与对照无差异,在其他阶段的活性均显著高于对照。本研究验证了高单宁环境对肚倍蚜造成氧化胁迫作用,认为肚倍蚜体内的抗氧化能力和抗氧化酶活性提高是其对高单宁环境的一种适应。     

几种常用中草药抗氧化活性研究(英文)

当归、黄芪、银杏叶、益母草、野甘草是中国传统中药材,几千年来一直为中国人民所认可,在中国和世界都具有重要的科研和药用价值。本研究采用HO·清除及对肝微粒体和亚油酸脂质过氧化抑制的方法,测定五种草药精油和水煮提取物的抗氧化活性;采用Folin—Ciocalteu试剂法测定它们的总酚含量;用肝细胞体外培养法测定它们的细胞毒性并对它们的作用机制进行分析。结果发现五种草药提取物都具有一定的抗氧化活性,尤其是益母草、野甘草、银杏叶的水煮提取物活性较强,其抗氧化活性与总酚含量存在较好的线形关系。此外,本论文还为研究这些草药的一些抗病机制提供参考依据。     

Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of Gentiana kurroo royle

In this study our objective was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of leaves and roots of Gentiana kurroo. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were examined using different biochemical assays namely diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and ferric reducing power (FRAP). In all the assays, root extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than that of leaves. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was also evaluated and MIC values were calculated by broth dilution method. Although, the extracts prevented the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, the MIC values of methanolic extract of the leaves were higher than those of the root extract. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the extracts was found to be positively associated with the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts.     

Chemical composition effects onto antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of propolis collected from different regions of Turkey

Chrysin, apigenin, flavonoids, flavanones, naringenin, ethyl oleate, 3-4-dimethoxy-cinnamic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid were the predominant components of propolis samples collected from different regions of Turkey. The extracts of P3 from Denizli-Ba?karci, P5 from Denizli and P7 from Tekirda? had effective antibacterial activities on Gram-negatives. Chrysin, which has antibacterial activity, was found to be high concentration. The extracts of P3, P2B from Aydin and P6 from Konya had much more effective antibacterial activities on Gram-positives. The total antioxidant activity increased with the increasing amount of extracts added to linoleic acid emulsion. All doses of propolis ethanol extract displayed antioxidant activity.     

Investigation of Bolivian plant extracts for their radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity

Fifty-four different extracts of nine Bolivian plants belonging to the family Asteraceae were evaluated for their radical scavenging activity by the DPPH*, NBT/hypoxanthine superoxide, and (*)OH/luminol chemiluminescence methods, and for their antioxidant activity by the beta-carotene bleaching test. The total phenolic content was also determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the oxidative stability by the Rancimat test. Both remarkably high phenolic content and radical scavenging and antioxidant activities were found mainly in the ethyl acetate fractions among the different plant extracts. Some ethyl acetate and even some defatted crude extracts exhibited activities comparable to those of commercial extracts/compounds, thus making it possible to consider some of the studied plants as a potential source of antioxidants of natural origin.     

Antioxidant activity and protective effects of Uncaria rhynchophylla extracts on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress in Chang cells

Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) is widely used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. However, there are few studies on antioxidant activity of UR extracts. The study was aimed at determining the antioxidant activity, the contents of polyphenol and flavonoid of UR extracts. Various assays were employed to evaluate the antioxidant property of water and ethanol extracts from the UR, compared to those of the other natural and synthetic antioxidants. UR extracts had high total phenolic contents in both the water (160 ± 2.32 mg GAE/g extracts) and ethanol extracts (190.2 ± 3.16 mg GAE/g extracts). In addition, total flavonoid contents were high in both the water extracts (154 ± 1.47 mg CE/g extracts) and ethanol extracts (184.2 ± 2.41 CE/g extracts). Specially, DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extracts from UR were similar with vitamin C as a positive control. In addition, antioxidant capacity in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were higher than that for BHT, which was used as a positive control. The antioxidant activity of extracts from UR showed stronger activity than those of vitamin C and α-tocopherol in ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. The ethanol extracts of UR protected on H₂O₂-induced DNA damage. In addition, cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effect of ethanol extracts from UR was also investigated in t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, these results indicate that UR extracts have antioxidant properties through its ability to enhance the cell viability, mediation of production of ROS. The UR extracts could be suitable as an antioxidant in the food industry.     

Assessment of antioxidant activities in roots of Miswak (Salvadora persica) plants grown at two different locations in Saudi Arabia

Traditionally, in Middle Eastern countries, many cultures use chewing sticks of arak for medicinal purposes especially, for oral cleanliness care. It was used by Muslims for treatment of teeth and highly recommended to be used by Muslims during the whole day. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the total phenolic content and total flavonoids in two Miswak extracts obtained from arak roots collected from two different localities in Saudi Arabia. They were extracted with aqueous ethanol (80%) and used to estimate in vitro their antioxidative abilities. The new findings showed that the two tested extracts contained significantly different amounts of both total phenolic content and total flavonoids. According to the increase of total phenolic contents and total flavonoids obtained from the two extracts, Miswak collected from the southern region was found to contain more contents than those collected from the middle region. The results of antioxidant activities of Miswak root extract obtained by using different in vitro methods were varied depending on the technique used. According to the malondialdehyde (MDA) method, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging ability and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, the two Miswak extracts exhibited to have high to very high antioxidant activities. Mostly, the values of antioxidant activities of Southern region have been shown to be always the highest.     

黄连抗氧化活性研究

利用DPPH、FRAP和ABTS三种抗氧化活性分析方法对黄连植物不同部位的有机溶剂提取部分进行抗氧化评价,将所测定结果与Trolox进行比较,发现黄连植物不同部位抗氧化活性不同。其中,黄连须根的抗氧化活性最高;同一部位中,乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物抗氧化活性一般要高于石油醚提取物。在三种方法中,黄连不同部位的提取物清除自由基的能力均随浓度增大而增大;三种方法之间有很好的相关性,以FRAP法与DPPH法相关性最好(r=0.9261,P<0.01)。     

枸杞子提取液抗氧化活性的研究

用Folin-Ciocalteu法、DPPH法和Fenton法分别对脱脂及未脱脂枸杞子的水和50%、80%、95%乙醇提取液的抗氧化活性进行测定。结果显示:3种方法所得结果具有一致的规律,相同提取条件下,未脱脂枸杞子的抗氧化活性大于脱脂枸杞子;随着乙醇浓度增大,枸杞子提取液的抗氧化活性逐渐减小,即水>50%乙醇>80%乙醇>95%乙醇枸杞子提取液。表明枸杞子中水溶性提取物的抗氧化活性高于脂溶性提取物;不同提取液抗氧化能力的差异说明枸杞子的抗氧化能力是枸杞子中水溶性和脂溶性多种成分协同作用的结果。     

低海拔地区黑苦荞酚类物质含量、组成及抗氧化活性研究

为探究黑苦荞的市场利用价值,该研究选择种植于湖北江汉平原低海拔地区的川荞1号和九江苦荞作为材料,分析苦荞籽粒中游离酚、结合酚、总酚、游离黄酮、结合黄酮和总黄酮的含量,利用DPPH自由基法、ABTS自由基法和铁离子还原抗氧化法(FRAP)三种抗氧化测试模型综合评价其体外抗氧化活性,并运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术对其酚类物质的组成进行鉴定。结果表明:(1)川荞1号籽粒的总酚和总黄酮含量显著高于九江苦荞,分别为27.38 mg GAE·g~(-1)DW、31.46 mg RE·g~(-1)DW和12.71 mg GAE·g~(-1)DW、14.68 mg RE·g~(-1)DW;其中游离酚与游离黄酮含量显著高于结合酚与结合黄酮含量,均占总酚和总黄酮含量的79%以上,且九江苦荞中结合酚和结合黄酮的含量高于川荞1号。(2)苦荞籽粒中酚类物质主要由芦丁、槲皮素、表儿茶素、山奈酚、山奈酚-3-芸香糖苷和槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷-3'-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷等黄酮类化合物组成,其中游离酚以芦丁和槲皮素为主,结合酚以表儿茶素和芦丁为主。(3)苦荞籽粒提取物均具有一定的抗氧化活性,黑苦荞川荞1号游离态DPPH、ABTS和FRAP抗氧化能力值分别为30.14、11.03、18.84 mg TE·g~(-1)DW,高于九江苦荞,而结合态三种抗氧化能力值低于九江苦荞,但黑苦荞川荞1号总抗氧化能力显著高于九江苦荞。在低海拔地区江汉平原,种植的黑苦荞川荞1号籽粒具有较高含量的酚类物质,符合后续的食品加工的生产要求,市场开发前景广阔。     

Comparison of Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Rubus ulmifolius Extracts Originating from Four Regions of Tunisia

In the current study, the phenolic composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts from Rubus ulmifolius Schott leaves harvested in four localities (Sejnen, Tabarka, Faija and Ain drahem) in Tunisia were investigated for the first time. Great differences were found for the chemical composition, total phenol contents and biological activities among the evaluated extracts. HPLC analysis of methanolic extracts showed that the dominant compounds were kaempferol 3‐O‐rutinoside and naringenine. In addition, significant correlations were observed between antioxidant activities and phenolic contents. In fact, leaves collected from Sejnen presented higher total phenol content (53.32 mg GAE/g DW) and antioxidant activities (IC₅₀ = 39.40 mg/l) than the others samples. All extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against six used bacteria with the inhibition zones diameters and minimal inhibitory concentration values were in the range of 8 – 16 mm and 6.25 – 25 mg/ml, respectively. The highest antimicrobial activities were recorded in Sejnen extract against Gram‐positive bacteria.