Effect of melanostatin on the central nervous system

The effect of melanostatin (MIF), L-DOPA and morphine on the behaviour and electrical activity in the neocortex and lymbic structures in rats has been strudied. All substances were administered intraventricularly. There was a recorded increase of the energy of the delta and theta slow waves in the hypothalamus, amygdala and neocortex and also of the energy of the alfa waves in the amygdala and neocortex. In addition the administration of L-DOPA and morphine facilitated the effect of MIF while preliminary administration of MIF blocked the effect of morphine given in threshold doses.     

Effect of succinyldicholine on central nervous system]

Succinyldicholine injected to unanaesthetized mice and rats has a convulsant action, distinct from its curarelike effect on muscle.     

α—干扰素对中枢神经系统的作用

本文综述了免疫调节因子α－干扰素对中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）的作用。ＩＦＮα的中枢作用不仅改变了神经系统是免疫特免性的认识,而且打破了对ＩＦＮα功能的传统认识,同时提出了ＩＦＮα作用新的机制。     

Effect of 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives on the central nervous system

Experiments on mice and rats were made to study the effect of inhibitors-antioxidants (3-hydroxypyridine derivatives) on the central nervous system. It was established that 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives (50 to 200 mg/kg) possess a broad spectrum of psychotropic effects. They cause normalization of behavior in conflict situations, exert an antiaggressive and anticonvulsant action (antagonism with corazol), are capable of potentiating the hypnotic effect of barbiturates, and of suppressing the animals' motor activity if given in high doses. Most compounds under study have antihypoxic and antiamnestic effects.     

Effect of nootropil and contvykal on the structural changes in the central nervous system in hypoxic brain edema]

The brain cortex of rabbits exposed to 15-minute ishemia in the presence of monitored hypotonia was studied in 27 experiments in order to verify the efficacy of nootropil and contrykal as agents intended for the treatment of posthypoxic edema of the brain. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed on the basis of the evidence obtained with the aid of light and electron microscopy. It was found that nootropil exerts a favourable action on the ultrastructure of intracellular organella of the neuron: mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomal apparatus, nuclear envelope, etc. Under the effect of nootropil and contrykal the posthypoxic microcirculatory changes showed signs of compensation and proved reversible. Manifestations of posthypoxic edema of the brain were less pronounced. It is suggested that the efficacy of the treatment regimen offered is related to the normalizing effect of nootropil on metabolic and repair processes in neurons and cellular elements pertaining to the microcirculatory system as well as with a direct action of contrykal on the local factors of capillary permeability.     

Effect of peripheral ethanol metabolism on the central nervous system.

The main symptoms of ethanol intoxication, tolerance, and physical dependence presumably, derive from the effects of ethanol on the central nervous system. It is not known clearly how and to what extent these effects are caused by ethanol itself or by its metabolic derivatives, chiefly acetaldehyde, formed in the liver, and transported into the brain through the blood stream. Since the concentrations of acetaldehyde found in the blood and brain of human subjects and experimental animals are approximately 44 times lower than the lowest effective concentrations found in in vitro experiments, it remains to be established whether acetaldehyde derived under in vivo conditions from the oxidation of ethanol in the liver plays any significant role in suppressing the respiratory metabolism or other metabolic pathways in the brain. It is concluded that the site of ethanol effects on the central nervous system is probably associated with that part of the metabolic system that is dependent on normal functioning of the neuronal cell membrane and probably has little relation to the peripheral or central metabolism of ethanol.     

Effect of basic protein from human central nervous system myelin on lipid bilayer structure

Summary The effect of myelin basic protein from normal human central nervous system on lipid organization has been investigated by studying model membranes containing the protein by differential scanning calorimetry or electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Basic protein was found to decrease the phase transition temperature of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl-glycerol, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylserine. The protein had a greater effect on the freezing temperature, measured from the cooling scan, than on the melting temperature, measured from the heating scan. These results are consistent with partial penetration of parts of the protein into the hydrocarbon region of the bilayer in the liquid crystalline state and partial freezing out when the lipid has been cooled below its phase transition temperature.The effect of the protein on fatty acid chain packing was investigated by using a series of fatty acid spin labels with the nitroxide group located at different positions along the chain. If the protein has not yet penetrated, it increases the order throughout the bilayer in the gel phase, probably by decreasing the repulsion between the lipid polar head groups. Above the phase transition temperature, when parts of it are able to penetrate, it decreases the motion of the lipid fatty acid chains greatly near the polar head group region, but has little or no effect near the interior of the bilayer. Upon cooling again the protein still decreases the motion near the polar head group region but increases it greatly in the interior. Thus, the protein penetrates partway into the bilayer, distorts the packing of the lipid fatty acid chains, and prevents recrystallization, thus decreasing the phase transition temperature.The magnitude of the effect varied with the lipid and was greatest for phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylglycerol. It could be reversed upon cooling for phosphatidylglycerol but not phosphatidic acid. The protein was only observed to decrease the phase transition temperature of phosphatidylserine upon cooling. It had only a small effect on phosphatidylethanolamine and no effect on phosphatidylcholine. Thus, the protein may penetrate to a different extent into different lipids even if it binds to the polar head group region by electrostatic interactions.     

Immune-mediated clearance of virus from the central nervous system

Immune-mediated clearance of virus from the central nervous system (CNS) differs from that of the other organs. Mechanisms of virus control are largely dependent upon the target cell type. Although cytolytic T lymphocytes may mediate clearance of virus from glial cells, non-cytolytic mechanisms mediated by antibody and cytokines dominate clearance from neurons.