DISTRIBUTION AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THREE POPULATIONS OF SIPHONARIA ON ROCKY INTERTIDAL SHORES IN HONG KONG

The pulmonate limpets Siphonaria japonica and Siphonana siriusoccur over a wide range of local habitat types in terms of exposureto wave action and salinity. This is a study of these two specieson three different shore types in Hong Kong, ranging from anextremely exposed, high salinity (32–35) shore at Caped'Aguilar to a sheltered, low salinity (16–33) shore atTai Lam Chung. Both species are restricted to the low shore,year round. S. japonica is a winter breeder and recruitmentoccurred between October and January. The recruitment of S.sirius could not be recognised from the size-frequency histograms.The algal standing crop at Tai Lam Chung was higher than atWu Kwai Sha during the winter period, i.e., between Octoberand April. Seasonal fluctuations in growth rate were recordedfor both Siphonaria species with the time of fastest growthoccurring in winter. S. japonica grew faster at Tai Lam Chungthan at Wu Kwai Sha. Food availability is thought to be an importantfactor affecting growth. (Received 17 September 1993; accepted 16 June 1994)     

滇南热区光萼猪屎豆的栽培及其利用研究

本文探讨了光萼猪屎豆(Crotalaria usaramoensis Baker.f.)在滇南热区的裁培及其利用。试验中系统地观测了光萼猪屎豆在滇南热区的生长发育特性和生物学产量以及利用情况。研究结果表明,光萼猪屎豆具有适应性广,生长快,产草量高,根瘤多以及产粒多,繁殖系数大等特点。它系一种具有多用途的优良绿肥作物,对培肥土壤,控制杂草生长均有明显的效果,是建立良好的热带农业生态系统的重要途径,是改革现行不合理的刀耕火种游耕制,实现合理轮作的有效措施,所以值得在滇南热区大力推广。     

自然保护区栖息地影响因素的研究

自然保护区物种栖息地的研究,对保护区的管理及开发具有重要意义,旨在对保护区栖息地的研究提供一套数量研究方法,以盐城自然保护区为案例,以丹顶鹤栖息地为研究对象,地理信息系统为变量处理工具,运用空间统计学方法,进行相关变量因素的初选,空间自相关分析,以及通过显著性水平检验最终确定影响栖息地分布的因素最后就研究结果,针对保护区的经济开发及保护管理提出了建议。     

西双版纳热带次生林生物量的初步研究

 本文采用“空间代替时间”和维量分析的方法研究了西双版纳热带次生林4块不同年龄林分的生物量,并详细分析了热带次生林在演替初期阶段生物量的变化趋势。结果表明：林分总生物量随林龄而增加,5年生林分的总生物量为41.932t·hm-2,10年生林分的总生物量为52.116t·hm-2,14年生林分的总生物量为88.284t·hm-2,22年生林分的总生物量为113.743t·hm-2。林分生物量的层次分配比例以乔木层所占的比例最大,占4/5以上,随林龄而增加;灌木层增长到14年生林分后又下降,草本层随林龄而递减,层间植物则上升。生物量的器官分配比例以干材所占的比例最大,占1/2以上,随林龄而递增;而枝、根和叶的生物量分配比例则随林龄而下降。并建立了4个林分主要优势种及乔木层器官生物量的回归模型。     

大熊猫栖息环境的森林凋落物动态研究

本文以王朗自然保护区冷杉、云杉暗针叶林为对象,在定位测定森林凋落量及其动态和枯枝落叶贮量的基础上,研究了凋落物分解速率及其主要营养元素含量的变化,结果表明：(1)地表枯枝落叶总贮量变化在30.0—91.8t／ha,其中未分解层4.9—17.8,半分解层11.5—19.7,腐殖质层13.6—57.3t／ha。(2)森林凋落的枯枝落叶量因林型不同而略有差异,平均为2.8 t／ha·yr,其凋落高峰期分别在生长季开始的5月和生长季末的10月。(3)每年以凋落物形式返回林地的养分,氮为35.5kg／ha、磷为5.7kg／ha、钾为7.0kg／ha、镁为6.8kg／ha、钙为62.9kg／ha。(4)森林各种凋落物的混合物年分解率为0.3041g／g。95%的凋落物被分解需时约10年,在分解一段时间后,凋落物中的氮、钙、镁含量略有上升,钾明显减少,而磷含量变化不大。(5)森林凋落物的混合物腐解过程中,养分释放速率大小的顺序为：K>P>Mg>Ca>N,大熊猫主食竹的凋落叶则为：K>N>Ca>Mg>P。     

西双版纳热带雨林植物区系组成初步分析

作者1958—1979年在中国科学院云南热带森林生物地理群落站工作期间,选取了三个代表西双版纳热带森林的林地,用植物群落学样方法做了大小不等的11个样地,共计15700m~2(1.57公顷)。根据这些样地资料研究讨论了在一定面积上西双版纳热带雨林区系组成,区系成分在群落中的垂直配置,森林的热带性程度以及与邻近地区森林区系的关系。同时比较了西双版纳雨林与滇东南、滇西南雨林的性质及其在东南亚雨林群系中的地位。     

PUPPING HABITAT USE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN MONK SEAL: A LONG-TERM STUDY

The Mediterranean monk seal gives birth almost exclusively in coastal caves. Given its critical conservation status, the identification and protection of such sites is important for the survival of the species. From 1990 to 2004 we collected data on physical and environmental variables and monitored pupping events in thirty-four coastal caves in Greece. We modeled the probability of cave occupancy as a function of the properties of each cave. Model selection and model averaging enabled us to rank the variables that influenced use of potential pupping sites. Environmental variables related to cave seclusion, substrate, and degree of protection from wind and wave action were the most important among them. The relative importance and directions of these relationships confirm the long-standing assumption that Mediterranean monk seals require sheltered pupping sites, far from sources of human disturbance and thus are progressively limited to isolated parts of the country's coastline. We used cross-validation to examine the predictive ability of our analysis and quantified the sensitivity of our predictions to the degree of extrapolation. We conclude that, although more data are required, the model is capable of predicting occupancy for caves close to the middle of the environmental space examined in this study.     

毛乌素沙地飞播植被与生境演变的研究

飞播造林作为沙地大面积绿洲化的有效的手段，已在毛乌素沙地中运用并取得了显著的成效。本文根据伊金霍洛旗４个播区飞播后十余年的调查资料，分析了杨柴灌丛群落动态变化的特点以及演替的机制，并指出沙地土壤水分生境的改变是群落发生演替的主要原因。随着生境的变化，群落的演替可分为４个阶段：先锋植物群落、杨柴群落、油蒿群落和黑格兰、沙地柏、蒙古莸和柠条等中旱生灌丛群落阶段。为了防止杨柴群落的进一步演替或退化，确保这一人工草场的质量，对群落演替的合理人为干扰，是必要的。     

海南岛热带草地的数量分类和排序研究

本文用一些数量分类和排序的方法对海南岛鹦歌岭热带草地进行了分类和排序。所用的方法包括两种多元等级聚合分类--最近邻体法(NN)和最远邻体法(FN),极点排序(PO)和主分量分析(PCA)排序。结果表明：把19个样地分为三大类型、9个群落,其分布格局与坡度、放牧强度和土壤肥力密切相关。所用的四种方法在热带草地的研究中均有一定的适用性。     

EFFECT OF ROCKY INTERTIDAL AMPHIPODS ON ALGAL RECRUITMENT: A FIELD STUDY1

Evidence about the potential of mobile marine invertebrates to act as algal spore dispersal agents is presently circumstantial. Using a field correlational and experimental protocol, our study tested the hypothesis that amphipods can increase the spore recruitment of the red alga Iridaea laminarioides Bory. Iridaea laminarioides spore recruitment onto glass slides was measured at a site with high amphipod abundance and a site with low density of amphipods. To evaluate the effect of an Ulva canopy on recruitment, replicated glass slides with and without a surrounding Ulva canopy were installed at both sites. The number of I. laminarioides spores recruited on the glass slides was four to eight times higher at the high amphipod abundance site than at the low density site. However, the presence of an Ulva canopy covering the glass slides did not significantly increase the recruitment of I. laminarioides. Because the abundance of I. laminarioides, the proportion of cystocarpic plants, and the percentage of open cystocarps only differed slightly between the low and high abundance amphipod sites, we suggest that the variation in recruitment between the sites is due to the differences in amphipod abundance (and their movements) and not to differences in spore production. Moreover, the presence of I. laminarioides cystocarps showing amphipod grazing scars was significantly higher at the high amphipod density site than at the low density site.     

浙江西部白颈长尾雉栖息地片断化研究

１９９年８～１０月和１９９５年１１～１２月,采用直接测定法,对浙江西部开化县小北垅、水坞和严村山区的白颈长尾雉（Ｓｙｒｍａｔｉｃｕｓ ｅｌｌｉｏｔｉ）栖息地片断化现状进行调查,提出了片断化程度指数（Ｆ）与运算公式,并采用该指地白颈长尾雉栖片断化程度进行测定与分析。栖息地的片断化与丧失将导致白颈长尾雉栖息地面积的减少。     

西双版纳热带山地雨林的植物多样性研究

 根据6块样地的调查资料,分析了西双版纳热带山地雨林植物多样性特征。结果表明：在2 500 m2的样地上,西双版纳热带山地雨林群落共有植物物种99～181种。其中乔木层的物种丰富度（S）为54～113,Shannon-Wiener指数（H′）为1.648 7～4.049 1,Simpson指数（λ）为0.503 5～0.969 5,Pielou 均匀度指数（Jsw）为0.413 3～0.854 9。灌木层的S为35～89,H′为2.413 2～3.716 2,λ为0.762 7～0.958 2,Jsw为0.678 8～0.859 3。草本层的各指数值：S为31～65,H′ 为2.792 1～3.499 2,λ为0.902 0～0.938 2,Jsw为0.729 3～0.838 2。低海拔带上的山地雨林（Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号样地）的各指数值（H′、λ、Jsw）在群落不同层次中均表现为草本层 > 灌木层 > 乔木层,而物种丰富度在不同层次中无一定变化规律;高海拔带上山地雨林（Ⅲ号、Ⅳ号、Ⅴ号、Ⅵ号样地）的物种丰富度和多样性指数（H′、λ）表现为乔木层 > 灌木层 > 草本层,而均匀度指数（Jsw）在不同层次中则无一定变化趋势。高海拔带上的山地雨林乔木层和灌木层的物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数均明显高于低海拔带上的山地雨林,这是由于前者所处生境较为优越。沿着海拔梯度,群落乔木层的物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数均在中等海拔高度地带（约1 200～1 220 m）达到最高值,这是由于中等海拔高度的山地雨林位于生境条件最为优越的沟谷地带,而且与低地季节雨林毗邻,热带雨林植物成分丰富。     

西双版纳热带雨林地栖小兽群落的初步研究

西双版纳热带雨林地栖小兽群落的初步研究ＡＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＧＲＯＵＮＤ┐ＤＷＥＬＬＩＮＧＳＭＡＬＬＭＡＭＭＡＬＣＯＭＭＵＮＩＴＹＩＮＴＲＯＰＩＣＡＬＲＡＩＮＦＯＲＥＳＴＯＦＸＩＳＨＵＡＮＧＢＡＮＮＡ西双版纳热带森林地处热带东南亚北...     

BUCEPHALID TREMATODE INFECTIONS IN MYTILID BIVALVES FROM THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL OF SOUTHERN CHILE

Bucephalid trematode sporocysts were found embedded amidst themantle tissue and viseral mass of intertidal mytilid bivalvesfrom Southern Chile. An investigation into the prevalence ofinfection revealed that <1% of Perumytilus purpuratus wereinfected whereas 20–32% of the Semimytilus algosus examinedharboured sporocysts. No sporocysts were found in an adjacentpopulation of Choromytilus chorus. Prevalence of infection wasrelated to size of S. algosus present at a particular site,and generally increased with host size. The majority of parasitizedmussels appeared to be at an advanced stage of infection, inthese animals destruction of the host's gonadal tissue was evident.Such parasitic castration combined with high prevalence of infectionsuggests that the reproductive potential of this mytilid maybe severely impaired. The implications of these results forthe mariculture industry are also discussed. (Received 19 February 1991; accepted 11 June 1991)     

西双版纳热带雨林不同生长时期昆虫群落结构的初步比较

１９９７年９月和１９８８年４月,采用样地调查法对西双版纳热带季节雨林林窗期、建群期、成熟期森林昆虫进行调查,共获得昆虫２４５５头,分属１５目。对昆虫群落类群组成、数量结构及群落多样性和相似性研究结果表明：双翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目成为３种生境昆虫群落的主要优势类群,鳞翅目为常见类群。在雨林循环生长最旺盛阶段的建群期次生林昆虫群落物种丰富度和优势度指数最高;林窗期先锋次生林最低,均匀性指数较高;成熟期原     

西双版纳热带次生林净初级生产量的初步研究

 采用径级标准木和维量分析方法研究了西双版纳热带次生林4块不同年龄林分的净初级生产量,结果表明：林分净初级生产量随林龄而增长,5年生林分为1 154.3 g·m-2·a-1,其分配为：净生长量占93.82%,花果量占1.20%,叶被采食量4.97%;10年生林分为1 348.5 g·m-2·a-1,净生长