共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Swasti S. Swain Tapasi Tripathy Pradipta K. Mohapatra Pradeep K. Chand 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(2):134-141
In vitro regeneration of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) plants was achieved through callus-mediated shoot organogenesis followed by 30 d indoor ex vitro adaptation to nutritional stress under environmental ambience and thereafter 6-d outdoor acclimatization in pots prior to
field establishment. Relevant physiological parameters including pigment content, chlorophyll a fluorescence, net photosynthetic rate (P
N), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (g
s) of in vitro-regenerated plants were investigated during the course of ex vitro adaptation. During the first 4 d of indoor transplantation to potting substrate, there was a marginal reduction in the leaf
chlorophyll and carotenoid contents but P
N and E were strongly reduced. The stomatal conductance and E/P
N ratio were significantly higher in plants up to 20 d of indoor adaptation than those of comparable age grown naturally from
seeds. The shape of the OJIP fluorescence transient varied significantly with acclimatization, and the maximum change was
observed at 2.0 ms. The 2.0 ms variable fluorescence (V
j), 30 ms relative fluorescence (M
0), photon trapping probability (TR0/Abs), and photosystem II (PSII) trapping rate (TR0/RC) showed initial disturbance and subsequent stabilization during 30 d of indoor acclimatization. Energy dissipation (DI0/RC) and electron transport probability (ET0/TR0) showed an initial phase of increase during the 4 d after plants were transplanted outdoors. During the 6-d outdoor acclimatization
after transfer of plants to soil, no significant change in total chlorophylls and carotenoids, E, and g
s were observed, but P
N improved after reduction on the first d. The OJIP-derived parameters experienced change on the first d but were stabilized
quickly thereafter. There was no significant difference between outdoor acclimatized plants and those of the seed-grown plants
of comparable age with respect to photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters. Direct transfer of plants without indoor acclimatization,
however, showed a completely different trend with respect to P
N, E, and OJIP fluorescence transients. The bearing of this study on optimizing micropropagation is discussed. 相似文献
2.
I. Czyczyło-Mysza M. Tyrka I. Marcińska E. Skrzypek M. Karbarz M. Dziurka T. Hura K. Dziurka S. A. Quarrie 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2013,32(1):189-210
Relatively little is known of the genetic control of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) and pigment traits important in determining efficiency of photosynthesis in wheat and its association with biomass productivity. A doubled haploid population of 94 lines from the wheat cross Chinese Spring × SQ1 was trialled under optimum glasshouse conditions for 4 years to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for CF traits including, for the first time in wheat, JIP-test parameters per excited cross section (CSm): ABS/CSm, DIo/CSm, TRo/CSm, RC/CSm and ETo/CSm, key parameters determining efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents to establish associations with biomass and grain yield. The existing genetic map was extended to 920 loci by adding Diversity Arrays Technology markers. Markers and selected genes for photosynthetic light reactions, pigment metabolism and biomass accumulation were located to chromosome deletion bins. Across all CF traits and years, 116 QTL for CF were located on all chromosomes except 7B, and 39 QTL were identified for pigments on the majority of chromosomes, excluding 1A, 2A, 4A, 3B, 5B, 1D, 2D, 5D, 6D and 7D. Thirty QTL for plant productivity traits were mapped on chromosomes 3A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 1B, 2B, 4B, 6B, 7B, 3D and 4D. A region on chromosome 6B was identified where 14 QTL for CF parameters coincided with QTL for chlorophyll content and grain weight per ear. Thirty-five QTL regions were coincident with candidate genes. The environment was shown to dominate in determining expression of genes for those traits. 相似文献
3.
Genetic dissection of sex determinism, inflorescence morphology and downy mildew resistance in grapevine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elisa Marguerit Christophe Boury Aurélie Manicki Martine Donnart Gisèle Butterlin Alice Némorin Sabine Wiedemann-Merdinoglu Didier Merdinoglu Nathalie Ollat Stéphane Decroocq 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(7):1261-1278
A genetic linkage map of grapevine was constructed using a pseudo-testcross strategy based upon 138 individuals derived from
a cross of Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon × Vitis riparia Gloire de Montpellier. A total of 212 DNA markers including 199 single sequence repeats (SSRs), 11 single strand conformation
polymorphisms (SSCPs) and two morphological markers were mapped onto 19 linkage groups (LG) which covered 1,249 cM with an
average of 6.7 cM between markers. The position of SSR loci in the maps presented here is consistent with the genome sequence.
Quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for several traits of inflorescence and flower morphology, and downy mildew resistance were
investigated. Two novel QTLs for downy mildew resistance were mapped on linkage groups 9 and 12, they explain 26.0–34.4 and
28.9–31.5% of total variance, respectively. QTLs for inflorescence morphology with a large effect (14–70% of total variance
explained) were detected close to the Sex locus on LG 2. The gene of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, involved in melon male organ development
and located in the confidence interval of all QTLs detected on the LG 2, could be considered as a putative candidate gene
for the control of sexual traits in grapevine. Co-localisations were found between four QTLs, detected on linkage groups 1,
14, 17 and 18, and the position of the floral organ development genes GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE1, FRUITFULL, LEAFY and AGAMOUS. Our results demonstrate that the sex determinism locus also determines both flower and inflorescence morphological traits. 相似文献
4.
Fukino N Ohara T Monforte AJ Sugiyama M Sakata Y Kunihisa M Matsumoto S 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,118(1):165-175
Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii is an important foliar disease in melon. To find molecular markers for marker-assisted selection, we constructed a genetic
linkage map of melon based on a population of 93 recombinant inbred lines derived from crosses between highly resistant AR
5 and susceptible ‘Earl’s Favourite (Harukei 3)’. The map spans 877 cM and consists of 167 markers, comprising 157 simple
sequence repeats (SSRs), 7 sequence characterized amplified region/cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence markers and 3 phenotypic
markers segregating into 20 linkage groups. Among them, 37 SSRs and 6 other markers were common to previous maps. Quantitative
trait locus (QTL) analysis identified two loci for resistance to powdery mildew. The effects of these QTLs varied depending
on strain and plant stage. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained for resistance to the pxA strain was similar between
QTLs (R
2 = 22–28%). For resistance to pxB strain, the QTL on linkage group (LG) XII was responsible for much more of the variance
(41–46%) than that on LG IIA (12–13%). The QTL on LG IIA was located between two SSR markers. Using an independent population,
we demonstrated the effectiveness of these markers. This is the first report of universal and effective markers linked to
a gene for powdery mildew resistance in melon. 相似文献
5.
Xiang-sheng Zhou Dian-xing Wu Sheng-quan Shen Jun-wei Sun Qing-yao Shu 《Photosynthetica》2006,44(2):316-319
Comparative analysis revealed that a xantha rice mutant (cv. Huangyu B) had higher ratios of chlorophyll (Chl) a/b and carotenoids/Chl, and higher photosynthetic efficiency than its wild type parent (cv. II32 B). Unexpectedly, the mutant
had higher net photosynthetic rate (P
N) than II32 B. This might have resulted from its lower non-photochemical quenching (qN) but higher maximal photochemical efficiency (FV/FM), higher excitation energy capture efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2) reaction centres (FV′/FM′), higher photochemical quenching (qP), higher effective PS2 quantum yield (ΦPS2), and higher non-cyclic electron transport rate (ETR). This is the first report of a chlorophyll mutant that has higher photosynthetic
efficiency and main Chl fluorescence parameters than its wild type. This mutant could become a unique material both for the
basic research on photosynthesis and for the development of high yielding rice cultivars. 相似文献
6.
Flavia M. Moreira Alberto Madini Rosanna Marino Luca Zulini Marco Stefanini Riccardo Velasco Pal Kozma M. Stella Grando 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2011,7(1):153-167
Two populations (Pop) segregating quantitatively for resistance to downy mildew (DM), caused by Plasmopara viticola, were used to construct genetic maps and to carry out quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Pop1 comprised of 174 F1 individuals from a cross of ‘Moscato Bianco’, a susceptible Vitis vinifera cultivar, and a resistant individual of Vitis riparia. Pop2 consisted of 94 progeny from a cross of two interspecific hybrids, ‘VRH3082 1-42’ and ‘SK77 5/3’, with resistance traits
inherited from Vitis rotundifolia and Vitis amurensis, respectively. Resistance of progeny was measured in field and greenhouse conditions by visual evaluation of disease symptoms
on leaves. Linkage maps of 1037.2 and 651 cM were built essentially with simple sequence repeat markers and were enriched
with gene-derived single-strand conformational polymorphism and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. Simple interval mapping
and Kruskall–Wallis analysis detected a stable QTL involved in field resistance to DM on linkage group (LG) 7 of the Pop1
integrated map co-localized with a putative Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase-derived marker. Additional QTLs were detected on LGs 8, 12 and 17. We were able to identify genetic factors
correlated with resistance to P. viticola with lower statistical significance on LGs 1, 6 and 7 of the Pop2 map. Finally, no common QTLs were found between the two
crosses analyzed. A search of the grapevine genome sequence revealed either homologues to non-host-, host- or defense-signalling
genes within the QTL intervals. These positional candidate genes may provide new information about chromosomal regions hosting
phenotypic loci. 相似文献
7.
Photosynthesis and activity of photosystem II in response to drought stress in Amur Grape (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Z. X. Wang L. Chen J. Ai H. Y. Qin Y. X. Liu P. L. Xu Z. Q. Jiao Y. Zhao Q. T. Zhang 《Photosynthetica》2012,50(2):189-196
The Amur Grape (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) cultivars ??shuangFeng?? and ??ZuoShanyi?? were grown in shelter greenhouse under natural sunlight and subjected to drought. Sap flow rate, net photosynthetic rate (P N), and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence were measured on Amur Grape leaves subjected to different drought treatments. Significant decreases in P N were associated with increasing intercellular CO2 concentration (C i), suggesting that the reduction in P N was caused by nonstomatal limitation. Analysis of OJIP transients according to the JIP-test protocol revealed that specific (per PSII reaction center) energy fluxes for light absorption, excitation energy trapping and electron transport have significantly changed. The appearance of a pronounced K-step and J-step in polyphasic rise of fluorescence transient suggested the oxygen-evolving complex and electron transport were inhibited. Drought stress has relatively little effect on the parameter maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), but the performance index (PIABS) is more sensitive in different drought treatment. There are cultivar differences in the response of PSII activity to drought, the photosynthetic apparatus of ??ZuoShanyi?? cultivar is more resistant to drought than that of ??ShuangFeng??, and JIP-test could be a useful indicator for evaluation and selection to drought tolerance. 相似文献
8.
QTL Mapping for Frond Length and Width in Laminaria japonica Aresch (Laminarales, Phaeophyta) Using AFLP and SSR Markers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fuli Liu Zhanru Shao Haining Zhang Jidong Liu Xiuliang Wang Delin Duan 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2010,12(4):386-394
In Laminaria japonica Aresch breeding practice, two quantitative traits, frond length (FL) and frond width (FW), are the most important phenotypic
selection index. In order to increase the breeding efficiency by integrating phenotypic selection and marker-assisted selection,
the first set of QTL controlling the two traits were determined in F2 family using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Two prominent L. japonicas inbred lines, one with “broad and thin blade” characteristics and another with “long and narrow blade” characteristics, were
applied in the hybridization to yield the F2 mapping population with 92 individuals. A total of 287 AFLP markers and 11 SSR markers were used to construct a L. japonica genetic map. The yielded map was consisted of 28 linkage groups (LG) named LG1 to LG28, spanning 1,811.1 cM with an average
interval of 6.7 cM and covering the 82.8% of the estimated genome 2,186.7 cM. While three genome-wide significant QTL were
detected on LG1 (two QTL) and LG4 for “FL,” explaining in total 42.36% of the phenotypic variance, two QTL were identified
on LG3 and LG5 for the trait “FW,” accounting for the total of 36.39% of the phenotypic variance. The gene action of these
QTL was additive and partially dominant. The yielded linkage map and the detected QTL can provide a tool for further genetic
analysis of two traits and be potential for maker-assisted selection in L. japonica breeding. 相似文献
9.
Photosynthetic rate (PN) and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence induction of source leaves in response to a low sink demand created by girdling the branch
(GB) between the root-tuber-system and the leaves were studied in Dahlia pinnata L. cv. Rigolet during the stage of rapid tuber growth in the greenhouse. GB resulted in significantly lower values of PN, stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E), but in higher leaf temperature (Tl) compared with those of controls. With exception of maximum quantum yield of photosystem 2 (PS 2) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and maximum ratio of quantum yields of photochemical and concurrent non-photochemical processes in PS 2 (Fv/F0), no significant differences were observed in Chl fluorescence parameters between girdled and control leaves on days 1 and
2 after GB, indicating no apparent damage in the photosynthetic apparatus. However, longer girdling duration resulted in higher
non-photochemical Chl fluorescence quenching (NPQ), but lower Fv/F0, actual efficiency of energy conversion in PS 2 under steady-state conditions (ΦPS2), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) in comparison with controls from 10:00 to 16:00 or 15:00 on days 4 and 5,
respectively, indicating reversible injury in the photosynthetic apparatus. 相似文献
10.
Enhanced photosystem 2 thermostability during leaf growth of Elm (Ulmus pumila) seedlings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. -D. Jiang G. -M. Jiang X. Wang L. -H. Li D. K. Biswas Y. -G. Li 《Photosynthetica》2006,44(3):411-418
We examined photosynthetic activities and thermostability of photosystem 2 (PS2) in leaves of elm (Ulmus pumila) seedlings from initiation to full expansion. During leaf development, net photosynthetic rate (P
N) increased gradually and reached the maximum when leaves were fully developed. In parallel with the increase of P
N, chlorophyll (Chl) content was significantly elevated. Chl a fluorescence measurements showed that the maximum quantum yield of PS2 (ϕPS2), the efficiency a trapped exciton, moved an electron into the electron transport chain further than QA
− (Ψo), and the quantum yield of electron transport beyond QA (ϕEo) increased gradually. These results were independently confirmed by our low irradiance experiments. When subjected to progressive
heat stress, the young leaves exhibited considerably lower ϕPS2 and higher minimal fluorescence (F0) than the mature leaves, revealing the highly sensitive nature of PS2 under heat in the newly initiating leaves. Further
analysis showed that PS2 structure in the newly initiating leaves was strongly altered under heat, as evidenced by the increased
fluorescence signals at the position of the K step. We therefore demonstrated an inhibition in the oxygen-evolving complex
(OEC) in the young leaves. This resulted in decrease in amount of the functional PS2 reaction centres and relative increase
in the PS2 reaction centres with inhibited electron transport at the acceptor side under heat. We suggest that the enhanced
thermostability of PS2 during leaf development is associated with improved OEC stability. 相似文献
11.
Due to anthropogenic influences, solar UV-B irradiance at the earth’s surface is increasing. To determine the effects of enhanced
UV-B radiation on photosynthetic characteristics of Prunus dulcis, two-year-old seedlings of the species were submitted to four levels of UV-B stress, namely 0 (UV-Bc), 4.42 (UV-B1), 7.32 (UV-B2) and 9.36 (UV-B3) kJ m−2 d−1. Effects of UV-B stress on a range of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters (FPs), Chl contents and photosynthetic gas-exchange
parameters were investigated. UV-B stress promoted an increase in minimal fluorescence of dark-adapted state (F0) and F0/Fm, and a decrease in variable fluorescence (Fv, Fv/Fm, Fv/F0 and F0/Fm) due to its adverse effects on photosystem II (PSII) activity. No significant change was observed for maximal fluorescence
of dark-adapted state (Fm). Enhanced UV-B radiation caused a significant inhibition of net photosynthetic rate (P
N) at UV-B2 and UV-B3 levels and this was accompanied by a reduction in stomatal conductance (g
s) and transpiration rate (E). The contents of Chl a, b, and total Chl content (a+b) were also significantly reduced at increased UV-B stress. In general, adverse UV-B effects became significant at the highest
tested radiation dose 9.36 kJ m−2 d−1. The most sensitive indicators for UV-B stress were Fv/F0, Chl a content and P
N. Significant P<0.05 alteration in these parameters was found indicating the drastic effect of UV-B radiation on P. dulcis. 相似文献
12.
Wild and cultivated varieties of Camellia oleifera Abel. were studied for the response of their photosynthetic apparatus to Al toxicity and low-P stress in pot experiments
with medium of acidic red soil. The effect was measured using physiological processes (growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll
a fluorescence), and pigment contents. The results showed that Al toxicity and low-P stress affected the seedlings’ growth
and leaves’ photosynthesis, and the differences could be found between the two varieties. Lime plus P fertilizer treatment
led to higher increase in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the cultivar than in the wild variety. Pn increase was positively
related to the increase of stomatal conductance (gs) and negatively correlated to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) in both varieties. The maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the efficiency of excitation energy capture
by open PSII reaction centers (Fv’/Fm’), the photochemical quenching (qP) and the efficiency of open PSII centers (ΦPSII) significantly increased almost in all the treatment groups of both varieties, with the exception of an insignificant change
in qP value for P1Al1 group of cultivar. The insensitive qP and lower Pn for cultivar indicate a higher photosynthetic efficiency for the wild
variety, though the ΦPSII was not significant between the two varieties. The pigment contents of oil tea seedlings under treatments changed significantly
when lime and P were added, especially the Car/Chl ratio, suggesting carotenoid plays the role of photoprotection under high-Al
and low-P stresses. 相似文献
13.
We compared the responses of sun and shade acclimated saplings of Picea abies and Pinus cembra to excess photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) equivalently exceeding the level for saturating net photosynthetic rate
(P
N). Exposure for 2 h up to 2000 μmol(photon) m−2 s−1 did not affect radiant energy saturated P
N. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis was indicated by a small (10 %) reduction of the potential efficiency of photosystem 2
as derived from measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence (FV/FM). However, the extent of FV/FM reduction and half-time for recovery were similar in sun and shade acclimated saplings of both species. Furthermore, the
effect on FV/FM was not stronger when the plants were exposed to excess PPFD at 5 °C instead of 15 °C. Frost-hardening of plants increased
slightly their resistance to excess PPFD. Establishment of these conifer saplings usually acclimated to shade in their natural
habitat may hardly be endangered by a sudden increase of PPFD, e.g., by gap formation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
This contribution is a practical guide to the measurement of the different chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters and gives
examples of their development under high-irradiance stress. From the Chl fluorescence induction kinetics upon irradiation
of dark-adapted leaves, measured with the PAM fluorometer, various Chl fluorescence parameters, ratios, and quenching coefficients
can be determined, which provide information on the functionality of the photosystem 2 (PS2) and the photosynthetic apparatus.
These are the parameters Fv, Fm, F0, Fm′, Fv′, NF, and ΔF, the Chl fluorescence ratios Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, ΔF/Fm′, as well as the photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficients (qN, qCN, and NPQ). qN consists of three components (qN = qE + qT + qI), the contribution of which can be determined via Chl fluorescence relaxation kinetics measured in the dark period after the induction kinetics. The above Chl fluorescence
parameters and ratios, many of which are measured in the dark-adapted state of leaves, primarily provide information on the
functionality of PS2. In fully developed green and dark-green leaves these Chl fluorescence parameters, measured at the upper
adaxial leaf side, only reflect the Chl fluorescence of a small portion of the leaf chloroplasts of the green palisade parenchyma
cells at the upper outer leaf half. Thus, PAM fluorometer measurements have to be performed at both leaf sides to obtain information
on all chloroplasts of the whole leaf. Combined high irradiance (HI) and heat stress, applied at the upper leaf side, strongly
reduced the quantum yield of the photochemical energy conversion at the upper leaf half to nearly zero, whereas the Chl fluorescence
signals measured at the lower leaf side were not or only little affected. During this HL-stress treatment, qN, qCN, and NPQ increased in both leaf sides, but to a much higher extent at the lower compared to the upper leaf side. qN was the best indicator for non-photochemical quenching even during a stronger HL-stress, whereas qCN and NPQ decreased with progressive stress even though non-photochemical quenching still continued. It is strongly recommended
to determine, in addition to the classical fluorescence parameters, via the PAM fluorometer also the Chl fluorescence decrease ratio RFd (Fd/Fs), which, when measured at saturation irradiance is directly correlated to the net CO2 assimilation rate (P
N) of leaves. This RFd-ratio can be determined from the Chl fluorescence induction kinetics measured with the PAM fluorometer using continuous saturating
light (cSL) during 4–5 min. As the RFd-values are fast measurable indicators correlating with the photosynthetic activity of whole leaves, they should always be
determined via the PAM fluorometer parallel to the other Chl fluorescence coefficients and ratios. 相似文献
15.
Ana Delia Gisbert José Martínez-Calvo Gerardo Llácer María Luisa Badenes Carlos Romero 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2009,23(3):523-538
Loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] is a Rosaceae fruit species of growing interest as an alternative to the main fruit crops. However, only
a few genetic studies have been carried out on this species. This paper reports the construction of the first genetic maps
of two loquat cultivars based on AFLP and microsatellite markers from Malus, Eriobotrya, Pyrus and Prunus genera. An F1 population consisting of 81 individuals, derived from the cross between ‘Algerie’ and ‘Zaozhong-6’ cultivars, was used to
construct both maps. A total of 111 scorable simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci resulted from the testing of 440 SSR primer
pairs in the analyzed progeny and the SSR transferability to Eriobotrya was found to be 74% from apple, 58% from pear and 49% from Prunus spp. In addition, 183 AFLP polymorphic bands were produced using 42 primer combinations. The ‘Algerie’ map was organized
in 17 linkage groups covering a distance of 900 cM and comprising 177 loci (83 SSRs and 94 AFLPs) with an average marker distance
of 5.1 cM. Self-incompatibility trait was mapped at the distal part of the LG17 linkage group, as previously reported in Malus and Pyrus. The ‘Zaozhong-6’ map covered 870 cM comprising 146 loci (64 SSRs and 82 AFLPs) with an average marker distance of 5.9 cM.
The 44 SSRs and the 48 AFLPs share in common by both maps were essentially collinear and, moreover, the order of the 75% of
apple and pear SSRs mapped in Eriobotrya was shown to be consistent across the Maloideae subfamily. As a whole, these maps represent a useful tool to facilitate loquat
breeding and an interesting framework for map comparison in the Rosaceae. 相似文献
16.
In order to investigate the effect of chromosome doubling on ozone tolerance, we compared the physiological responses of a
diploid honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) and its autotetraploid cultivar to elevated ozone (O3) exposure (70 ng g−1, 7 h d−1 for 31 d). Net photosynthetic rate (P
N) of both cultivars were drastically (P<0.01) impaired by O3. Although there were significantly positive correlation between P
N and stomatal conductance (g
s) in both cultivars under each treatment, the decreased g
s in O3 might be the result rather than the cause of decreased P
N as indicated by stable or increasing the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration(C
i/C
a). P
N under saturating CO2 concentration (P
Nsat) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) significantly decreased under O3 fumigation, which indicated the Calvin cycle was impaired. O3 also inhibited the maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in the dark-adapted state (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), the maximum
in vivo rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and the maximal photosynthetic electron transport rate (Jmax) which demonstrated that the decrease in P
N of the honeysuckle exposed to elevated O3 was probably not only due to impairment of Calvin cycle but also with respect to the light-harvesting and electron transport
processes. Compared to the diploid, the tetraploid had higher relative loss in transpiration rate (E), (g
s), (P
Nsat), Vcmax and Jmax. This result indicated that the Calvin cycle and electron transport in tetraploid was damaged more seriously than in diploid.
A barely nonsignificant (P=0.086) interaction between O3 and cultivar on P
N suggested a higher photosynthetic sensitivity of the tetraploid cultivar. 相似文献
17.
F. Fernández-Fernández K. M. Evans J. B. Clarke C. L. Govan C. M. James S. Marić K. R. Tobutt 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(3):587-479
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from Malus, as well as Prunus, Pyrus and Sorbus, and some other sequence-tagged site (STS) loci were analysed in an interspecific F1 apple progeny from the cross ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Totem’ that segregated for several agronomic characters. A linkage map was constructed
using 259 STS loci (247 SSRs, four SCARs and eight known-function genes) and five genes for agronomic traits—scab resistance
(Vf), mildew resistance (Pl-2), columnar growth habit (Co), red tissues (Rt) and green flesh background colour (Gfc). Ninety SSR loci and three genes (ETR1, Rt and Gfc) were mapped for the first time in apple. The transferability of markers from other Maloideae to Malus was found to be around 44%. The loci are spread across 17 linkage groups, corresponding to the basic chromosome number of
Malus and cover 1,208 cM, approximately 85% of the estimated length of the apple genome. Interestingly, we have extended the top
of LG15 with eight markers covering 25 cM. The average map density is 4.7 cM per marker; however, marker density varies greatly
between linkage groups, from 2.5 in LG14 to 8.9 in LG7, with some areas of the genome still in need of further STS markers
for saturation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
18.
A comparative analysis of photosynthetic characteristics of hulless barley at two altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To determine the photosynthetic characteristics of C3 plants and their sensitivity to CO2 at different altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau, hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) was grown at altitudes of 4,333 m and 3,688 m. Using gas-exchange measurements, photosynthetic parameters were simulated,
including the maximum net photosynthesis (P
max) and the apparent quantum efficiency (α). Plants growing at higher altitude had higher net photosynthetic rates (P
N), photosynthesis parameters (P
max and α) and sensitivities to CO2 enhancement than plants growing at lower altitude on the Tibetan Plateau. The enhancements of P
N, P
max, and α for plants growing at higher altitude, corresponding with 10 μmol(CO2) mol−1 increments, were approximately 0.20∼0.45%, 0.05∼0.20% and 0.12∼0.36% greater, respectively, than for plants growing at lower
altitude, respectively, where CO2 levels rose from 10 to 170 μmol(CO2) mol−1. Therefore, on the Tibetan Plateau, the changes in the photosynthetic capacities and the photosynthetic sensitivities to
CO2 observed in the C3 plants grown above 3,688 m are likely to increase with altitude despite the decreasing CO2 partial pressure. 相似文献
19.
Selvaraj Michael Gomez N. Manikanda Boopathi S. Satheesh Kumar T. Ramasubramanian Zhu Chengsong P. Jeyaprakash A. Senthil R. Chandra Babu 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2010,32(2):355-364
Drought is a major limitation for rice production in rainfed ecosystems. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked
to drought resistance provides opportunity to breed high yielding rice varieties suitable for drought-prone areas. Although
considerable efforts were made in mapping QTLs associated with drought-resistance traits in rice, most of the studies involved
indica × japonica crosses and hence, the drought-resistance alleles were contributed mostly by japonica ecotypes. It is desirable to look for genetic variation within indica ecotypes adapted to target environment (TE) as the alleles from japonica ecotype may not be expressed under lowland conditions. A subset of 250 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of F8 generation derived from two indica rice lines (IR20 and Nootripathu) with contrasting drought-resistance traits were used to map the QTLs for morpho-physiological
and plant production traits under drought stress in the field in TE. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 101 polymorphic
PCR-based markers distributed over the 12 chromosomes covering a total length of 1,529 cM in 17 linkage groups with an average
distance of 15.1 cM. Composite interval mapping analysis identified 22 QTLs, which individually explained 4.8–32.2% of the
phenotypic variation. Consistent QTLs for drought-resistance traits were detected using locally adapted indica ecotypes, which may be useful for rainfed rice improvement. 相似文献
20.
In order to investigate the photoprotective function of photorespiration in grapevine under water stress, potted grapevines
(Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) were randomly divided into three uniform groups for well-watered [watered every morning to keep
the relative water content (RWC) of soil over 70 %], water-stress adapted (drought-adapted at 30 % relative soil water content
for 30 days), and water stress without adaptation treatment (water-stressed to 30 % relative soil water content for 3 days).
Net assimilation rate (A
N), stomatal conductance (g
s), substomatal CO2 concentration (C
i), transpiration rate (E), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII), and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) were recorded by combining measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. Gross photorespiration (Pr), photosynthetic electron partitioning (JC/JT), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were also calculated. The ratio of net
assimilation rate to transpiration rate (A
N/E) was used as an indicator of water use efficiency (WUE). A
N, apparent Pr, ΦPSII, Fv/Fm, qp, and g
s decreased, NPQ increased, and gross Pr sustained at a high level under water stress. This suggests that both photorespiration and energy dissipation play important
roles in protecting photosynthetic apparatus against photoinhibition. C
i in water-stressed plants without adaptation treatment increased, which indicates the leaves suffered a non-stomatal limitation,
while the water-stress adaped plants only suffered a stomatal limitation indicated by low C
i. 相似文献