正常麻醉犬动脉血和脑脊液酸碱及电解质值

２０条正常麻醉犬经股动脉插管和枕骨下经皮穿刺在严格隔绝空气情况下，分别取得动脉血和脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）样本，用ＩＬ－１３０３型血气分析仪和Ｂｅｃｋｍａｎ－７００型生化分析仪检测酸碱变量及电解质。通过酶反应分光光度法检测乳酸（Ｌａｃｔ）。应用（Ｎａ＋＋Ｋ＋）－（Ｃｌ－＋Ｌａｃｔ＋ＨＣＯ３－）公式计算阴离子隙（ＡＧ）。经统计学处理结果表明ＣＳＦＰＨ、Ｋ＋、ＡＧ＜动脉血（ｐ＜０．０１）；ＣＳＦＰＣＯ２、ＨＣＯ３－、Ｃｌ－、Ｌａｃｔ＞动脉血（ｐ＜０．０１）；ＣＳＦＮａ＋同动脉血比较无明显差异（ｐ＞０．０５）。     

基于肠道菌群探讨雄性WHBE兔与日本大耳白兔胆固醇代谢的差异性

目的 从肠道菌群途径分析雄性日本大耳白兔黑眼系(white hair and black eyes rabbit, WHBE兔)和日本大耳白兔胆固醇代谢的差异性。方法 各取4～5月龄雄性WHBE兔和日本大耳白(JW)兔6只,取血检测血脂水平,并取结肠内容物提取DNA后进行16S rRNA微生物测序,观察肠道菌群结构与功能的变化。结果 雄性WHBE兔血清总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇水平(LDL-C)均明显低于JW兔(P<0.05)。多样性分析显示,两品系兔的肠道微生物群分离明显,WHBE兔Chao1指数显著低于JW兔(P<0.05)。在门水平,WHBE兔梭杆菌门、软壁菌门和蓝藻菌门的丰度低于JW兔(P<0.05,P<0.01),且厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值亦低于JW兔(P> 0.05)。在属水平,WHBE兔中有24个菌属的相对丰度与JW兔存在显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。LEFSe分析显示,WHBE兔中发现了5个关键菌属,以理研菌科RC9群(Rikenellaceae＿RC9＿gut＿group)最多;JW兔中发现了10个关键菌...     

微卫星标记对WHBE兔封闭群、日本大耳白兔和新西兰兔的遗传分析

目的分析比较大耳白黑眼兔（WHBE兔）封闭群与日本大耳白兔（Jw兔）、新西兰兔（NZW兔）基因组存在的微卫星结构,研究WHBE兔封闭群的微卫星多态性。方法利用21个微卫星位点,通过微卫星分子标记技术对WHBE兔封闭群、Jw兔和NZW兔进行遗传多样性检测和对比。结果根据初步结果,在21对微卫星引物中筛选出扩增产物稳定并且具有多态性的11对引物。WHBE兔封闭群在每个位点上的等位基因数为3～8个不等,11个位点的平均有效等位基因数为2．0402个,平均杂合度为0．4810;Jw兔在每个位点上的等位基因数为2～8个不等,11个位点的平均有效等位基因数为3．6077个,平均杂合度为0．5039;NZW兔在每个位点上的等位基因数为3～9个不等,11个位点的平均有效等位基因数为2．6537个,平均杂合度为0．5334。WHBE兔封闭群在11个微卫星位点上的平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0．6005,多位点累积个体识别率达到100％,多位点累积非父排除概率（CPE）在双亲信息都是未知情况下的为0．9613,而在得知任一亲本信息的情况下,CPE值高达0．9973。在11个微卫星座位中,9个位点上出现了WHBE兔封闭群特有等位基因,其中在Sat2、Sat5、Sat7、Sat12、Sat13、Sat16、S0144和INRACCDDV0003八个位点上WHBE兔封闭群的特有等位基因为一个,在sat8位点上为两个。结论WHBE兔8个位点的平均杂合度、平均有效等位基因数均比JW兔及NZW兔低,说明WHBE兔群体的基因纯合度高于其他两个品系,具有更优的遗传稳定性。9个WHBE兔特有的等位基因可作为区分WHBE兔封闭群和其它两个品系实验兔的分子标记。     

Relationship Between Serotoninergic Measures in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Simultaneously Obtained in Humans

The relationships between the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) and related metabolites in human blood and CSF have been studied. Plasma tryptophan (TP), 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and indoleacetic acid (IAA), whole-blood 5-HT, and CSF TP, 5-HT, 5-HIAA, IAA, homovanillic acid, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol were determined in 35 unmedicated outpatients who underwent minor surgical operations and had no history of psychiatric or neurological illnesses. Significant correlations were found between the serotoninergic parameters analyzed in blood and CSF. Plasma free 5-HT correlated significantly with CSF 5-HT (r = 0.411, p less than 0.02), and plasma 5-HIAA correlated with the CSF 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio (r = 0.508, p less than 0.004). The concentration of 5-HIAA in CSF correlated with the plasma 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio (r = 0.405, p less than 0.026) (which can be taken as an index of monoamine oxidase type A activity in peripheral tissues) and with the platelet 5-HT/plasma 5-HT ratio (r = 0.375, p less than 0.05). The concentrations of IAA in CSF and plasma were strongly correlated (r = 0.899, p less than 0.001). The significance of these results and their relationship to the use of "in vivo" measures of 5-HT and related metabolites in plasma and platelets as an index of serotoninergic function in affective disorders are discussed.     

Influence of Repeated Levodopa Administration on Rabbit Striatal Serotonin Metabolism,and Comparison Between Striatal and CSF Alterations

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by decreased striatal dopamine, but serotonin (5-HT) is also reduced. Because 5-HT decreases following a single levodopa injection, levodopa has been suggested to contribute to PD's serotonergic deficits. However, in a recent study, rat striatal serotonin levels were reported to increase following 15-day levodopa administration. To address this issue, we administered levodopa (50 mg/kg) to rabbits for 5 days, then measured serotonin, its precursors tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), and its major metabolite 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in striatum and CSF. Striatal serotonin and tryptophan were unchanged, while 5-HTP and 5-HIAA increased 4- and 7-fold, respectively. CSF 5-HTP and 5-HIAA were also significantly increased. In levodopa-treated animals, 5-HTP concentrations were moderately correlated (r = 0.679) between striatum and CSF, while weak correlations were present between striatal and CSF concentrations of both serotonin and 5-HIAA. These results suggest that repeated levodopa treatment increases striatal serotonin turnover without changing serotonin content. However, levodopa-induced alterations in striatal serotonin metabolism may not be accurately reflected by measurement of serotonin and 5-HIAA in CSF.     

不同因素致亚健康大鼠血液生化、血气电解质指标的影响

目的观察不同因素致亚健康模型大鼠血液生化和血气电解质指标的变化。方法 60只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,即多因素（MF）组、热水游泳（WS）组、睡眠不足（SD）组、单纯束缚（PC）组和正常对照（C）组,每组12只。采用热水游泳、睡眠剥夺和单纯束缚等单因素或多因素联合建立亚健康大鼠模型,各组造模5d后,处死6只,剩余动物进行恢复性饲养3 d后处死。分别测定造模结束后和恢复3 d时大鼠的血清中的丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（CREA）、血糖（GLU）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、肌酸磷酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和血气电解质等指标。结果 （1）与正常对照（C）组比,造模5d后MF组的大鼠BUN和TG水平显著降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,同时CREA、AST、CK、CK/AST和LDH水平显著升高（P〈0.01）,WS组的大鼠TC、CK、CK/AST和LDH水平亦升高显著（P〈0.01）,且各模型组的大鼠GLU浓度明显增加（P〈0.01）;恢复3 d后,MF组的大鼠TC、AST、ALT、ALB、BUN、CK、CK/AST和LDH水平均明显高于C组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;WS组的大鼠血清AST、CK、CK/AST比值和LDH水平亦显著高于C组（P〈0.01）,SD组的大鼠CK显著高于C组（P〈0.05）;（2）与C组比,造模5d后MF组、SD组和PC组的大鼠PCO2、Hct和Hb均明显升高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,WS组Hct和Hb升高显著且Na＋显著降低（P〈0.01）,MF组的大鼠PO2和SO2%均显著降低且K＋明显升高（P〈0.05）,且各造模组的大鼠HCO3-♂的浓度均显著升高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;恢复3 d后,除各造模大鼠的血液pH值和PO2均明显下降（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）外,MF组、SD组和PC组的大鼠PCO2升高并伴有SO2%的降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,MF组和WS组Na＋仍明显低于C组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,SD组的大鼠K＋和Mg2＋则明显高于C组（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论不同因素诱导的亚健康状态大鼠的血液生化、血气电解质指标均出现了不同程度上的改变,故血液生化和血气电解质指标能有效评估亚健康状态机体血液微环境的改变。     

Erythropoietin in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Age-related Reference Values and Relevance in Neurological Disease

We aimed to establish age-related reference values for Erythropoietin (EPO) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to evaluate concentrations in neurological diseases. CSF and serum EPO was measured in controls with tension-type headache (CTTH), in patients with ALS, dementia and depression using ELISA technique. Stability experiments showed CSF EPO to be stable for two and a half months and over two thaw/freeze cycles. A positive correlation of CSF EPO with age was found (P < 0.01). We found a CSF/serum EPO concentration ratio of 0.126, pointing towards an intrathecal synthesis of EPO. The ALS group showed significantly lowered CSF EPO compared to age-matched CTTH (P < 0.012), whereas the dementia and depression group showed no significant differences compared to CTTH. The establishment of age-related reference values in a large cohort of controls will improve the interpretation of future CSF EPO evaluations in neurological diseases. The authors have not reported any conflicts of interest.     

Membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids and CSF cytokines in patients with schizophrenia

Findings to date provide evidence that altered membrane structure and function are present in patients with either first-episode or chronic schizophrenia, suggesting defects in phospholipid metabolism and cell signaling in schizophrenia. The purpose of this investigation is to test whether decreased membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were associated with an increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, we measured interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with chronic schizophrenia as well as PUFAs of red blood cell (RBC) membranes from the same individuals. A significant and inverse correlation was found between CSF IL-6 (not IL-10) and RBC membrane PUFAs levels in both haloperidol-treated and medication-free patients with schizophrenia. Specifically, such an association was found in the n-6 (18:2, 20:4, and 22:4) and, to a lesser extent, the n-3 fatty acids. Taken together, the present findings suggest that decreased membrane PUFAs may be related to an immune disturbance in schizophrenia, possibly resulting from an increased phospholipase A2 activity mediated through the proinflammatory cytokines.     

长白仔猪血常规及生化指标正常值探讨

目的探讨2-3月龄长白仔猪的血常规及生化指标的正常值,为长白仔猪用于实验研究提供实验依据。方法采用实验室评价方法对40头长白仔猪的主要血常规和生化指标进行检测,并与巴马小型猪的参考值进行对比。结果长白仔猪的血常规及生化指标无性别差异（P〉0．05）,长白仔猪的WBC、ALT、Ca^2＋的平均值与巴马小型猪相似,两者之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,其RBC、HGB、HCT、PLT、TP、Alb、BUN、AMY的平均值均低于巴马小型猪的相应值,而AST、TBIL、DBIL、Crea、CK-MB明显高于巴马小型猪,具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论长白仔猪有其独特的生理生化特性。     

成熟小麦抗穗发芽能力与超弱发光关系的研究

生物体的超弱发光表现与其本身的生理活动密切相关,利用超弱发光为指标,测定和比较了小麦不同品种在成熟时抗穗发芽的能力．为其进一步应用,解决农业实际问题提供方法和依据．     

Simultaneous Effects of p-Chloroamphetamine, d-Fenfluramine, and Reserpine on Free and Stored 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Brain and Blood

The effects of acute treatment with p-chloramphetamine, d-fenfluramine, and reserpine on intracellular (brain tissue and whole blood) and extracellular (CSF and platelet-free plasma) compartments of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain and blood of the same rats have been examined. These treatments affected 5-HT in brain tissue and whole blood similarly (r = 0.823). Reserpine significantly reduced both intracellular pools at 2 and 24 h. p-Chloroamphetamine and d-fenfluramine were more effective on brain tissue 5-HT. The concentration of 5-HT in CSF was significantly increased by all treatments. p-Chloroamphetamine induced a dramatic 70-fold increase of CSF 5-HT, paralleling a 42% decrease in brain tissue. d-Fenfluramine significantly increased CSF 5-HT to 212% of controls and reduced whole brain 5-HT (-23%). The effects of p-chloroamphetamine and d-fenfluramine on 5-HIAA in brain, CSF, and plasma were nonsignificant. Individual values of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in CSF and brain were highly correlated (r = 0.855), indicating that CSF 5-HIAA reflects well the concentration of 5-HIAA in brain tissue. Yet the intra- and extracellular concentrations of 5-HIAA were unrelated to the 5-HT changes. This indicates that CSF 5-HIAA does not reflect the active (extracellular) compartment of 5-HT in brain.     

大尤尔都斯盆地沼泽边缘植被分布与环境因子关系研究

新疆天山中部的大尤尔都斯盆地,是世界著名的天鹅保护区,由于受特殊地理位置及地形的影响,该区域植被分布以高山沼泽植被及高山草甸、草原植被为主。中国科学院新疆生物     

兔海水淹溺型肺水肿组织NKA活性与动脉血气的相关性分析

目的:观察兔海水淹溺型肺水肿组织钠-钾ATP酶(Na~ -K~ -ATPase)活性变化与动脉血气变化的关系,探讨钠-钾ATP酶在海水淹溺肺水肿形成中的重要作用,为临床治疗提供实验依据。方法:将30只新西兰兔随机分为对照组(5只)及淹溺组(25只),淹溺组根据观察时间段分为10′、30′、60′、90′、120′组(每组5只),采用气管切开插入塑料导管、向气管内灌海水3 mL/kg、双肺自主通气的方法进行兔海水淹溺肺水肿模型复制。于各观察时间点进行血气分析,并采集肺组织标本,对肺组织匀浆钠-钾ATP酶进行测定。结果:兔海水淹溺肺水肿各时间点钠-钾ATP酶活性降低,动脉血气显示低氧和酸中毒,钠-钾ATP酶活性变化与动脉血气主要指标变化具有线性回归关系(P<0.01)。结论:海水淹溺型肺水肿组织NKA活性与动脉血气的具有相关性,钠-钾ATP酶在海水淹溺肺水肿发生发展中具有重要作用。