New data on the Pteromalid wasps (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) of the Russian Far East

Fourteen genera (Ardilea Graham, Glyphognathus Graham, Rhicnocoelia Graham, Eulonchetron Graham, Habritys Thomson, Heteroprymna Graham, Janssoniella Kerrich, Lyubana Bou?ek, Muscidifurax Girault et Sanders, Nazgulia Hedqvist, Notoglyptus Masi, Oxysychus Delucchi, Platygerrhus Thomson, and Stenetra Masi) and 81 species are recorded for the first time for the fauna of Russia; in addition, 13 species are new to the fauna of the Russian Far East.     

New Data on the Pteromalid Wasps (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) of the European Part of Russia

Entomological Review - Three genera (Gbelcia Bouček, Kaleva Graham, Stenoselma Delucchi) and seventeen species of the pteromalid wasps are recorded for the first time from Russia. Fourteen...     

New data on the European fauna of encyrtid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae)

On the basis of examination of the collection of the Natural History Museum (london), an annotated list of 36 encyrtid species with new records for 12 countries is given: one species new for both Ukraine and Croatia; two, for Austria, Cyprus, and Norway; three, for U.K.; four, for Germany and Spain; five, for Bulgaria; six, for Italy; eight, for France, and twelve, for Greece.     

Phylogeny of pteromalid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): initial evidence from four protein-coding nuclear genes

Chalcidoidea (approximately 22,000 described species) is the most ecologically diverse superfamily of parasitic Hymenoptera and plays a major role in the biological control of insect pests. However, phylogenetic relationships both within and between chalcidoid families have been poorly understood, particularly for the large family Pteromalidae and relatives. Forty-two taxa, broadly representing Chalcidoidea but concentrated in the 'pteromalid lineage,' were sequenced for 4620 bp of protein-coding sequence from four nuclear genes for which we present new primers. These are: CAD (1719 bp) DDC (708 bp), enolase (1149 bp), and PEPCK (1044 bp). The combined data set was analyzed using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Statistical significance of the apparent non-monophyly of some taxonomic groups on our trees was evaluated using the approximately unbiased test of Shimodaira [Shimodaira, H. 2002. An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree selection. Syst. Biol. 51(3), 492-508]. In accord with previous studies, we find moderate to strong support for monophyly of Chalcidoidea, a sister-group relationship of Mymaridae to the remainder of Chalcidoidea, and a relatively basal placement of Encarsia (Aphelinidae) within the latter. The 'pteromalid lineage' of families is generally recovered as monophyletic, but the hypothesis of monophyly for Pteromalidae, which appear paraphyletic with respect to all other families sampled in that lineage, is decisively rejected (P < 10(-14)). Within Pteromalidae, monophyly was strongly supported for nearly all tribes represented by multiple exemplars, and for two subfamilies. All other multiply-represented subfamilies appeared para- or polyphyletic in our trees, although monophyly was significantly rejected only for Miscogasterinae, Ormocerinae, and Colotrechninae. The limited resolution obtained in the analyses presented here reinforces the idea that reconstruction of pteromalid phylogeny is a difficult problem, possibly due to rapid radiation of many chalcidoid taxa. Initial phylogenetic comparisons of life history traits suggest that the ancestral chalcidoid was small-bodied and parasitized insect eggs.     

Pteromalids (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) of Eastern Kazakhstan

A list of 86 species belonging to 39 pteromalid genera from Eastern Kazakhstan is presented for the first time.     

New data on chromosomes of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)

Karyotypes of twelve species of chalcidoid wasps from five families were studied for the first time: Baryscapus endemus and B. galactopus (2n = 12), Entedon parvicalcar and E. procioni (n = 6), and E. sparetus (2n = 12; all Eulophidae); Sycophila submutica (2n =16; Eurytomidae); Cerchysius subplanus (n = 11 and 2n = 22; Encyrtidae); Pteromalus cioni (2n =10; Pteromalidae); Pseudotorymus sp., Torymus microstigma, T. rubi, and Torymus sp. (all with 2n = 12; Torymidae). Various aspects of chromosomal diversity of Chalcidoidea are discussed.     

Two new British species of Halticoptera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea,Pteromalidae)

The female of a new species of Halticoptera is described from a single specimen from Britain, and the male and female of a second new species are described from material from Britain and Czechoslovakia. Halticop-terina triannulata is recorded from Britain for the first time.     

A New Genus of the Family Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea) from the Russian Far East

A new genus Tachingousagen. n. with the type species Tachingousa trjapitzinisp. n. is described from the Russian Far East. The new genus is similar to Lyubana Bou?ek, 1991, from which it may be distinguished by a large antennal clava, equal in length to the last 4 funicular segments and with a large micropilosity area, propodeum with convex nucha without distal (arcuate) costula connected with plicae.     

A brief description of the metasoma in pteromalids (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae)

The morphology of the metasoma in Pteromalidae is briefly reviewed. On the basis of a material from the Palaearctic Region, primary sclerites of the metasoma are described and illustrated.     

两种金小蜂毒液对菜粉蝶蛹血细胞延展、存活及包囊作用的影响

活体微注射测定结果表明,将0.5毒囊当量（venom reservoir equivalent, VRE）的蝶蛹金小蜂毒液注射于其寄主菜粉蝶蛹体内,注射后4～24 h寄主浆血细胞和颗粒血细胞的延展、存活和对Sephadex A50微珠的包囊能力显著下降;以0.002～0.02 VRE/μL的该蜂毒液处理其离体寄主血细胞均能产生同样的生理效应。该毒液抑制90%菜粉蝶蛹浆血细胞和颗粒血细胞延展的浓度各为0.00076 VRE/μL和0.00804 VRE/μL。可见,蝶蛹金小蜂毒液能显著抑制其寄主血细胞的延展和包囊作用,并导致血细胞的死亡。然而,同样条件下丽蝇蛹集金小蜂毒液对其非自然寄主菜粉蝶蛹的血细胞延展、存活和包囊作用则无任何效应。可见,寄生蜂毒液的生理作用具有明显的寄主特异性。     

A review of encyrtid wasps (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) of Macaronesia

The review contains an annotated list of 62 species of Encyrtidae from Macaronesia with data on their distribution, hosts, and use in biological control of agricultural insect pests. An attempt is undertaken to classify most of them according to nine types of ranges and to separate species which were introduced to Macaronesia by the ecesis, i.e., accidentally with their hosts. Three genera are synonymized: Acerophagus E.A. Smith, 1880 (= Pseudaphycus Timberlake, 1916, syn. n.); Isodromus Howard, 1887 (= Eupoecilopoda Erdös et S. Novicky, 1955, syn. n.); Syrphophagus Ashmead, 1900 (= Tassonia Girault, 1921, syn. n.). Cerchysiella togashii Tachikawa, 1988 is placed in the genus Zaommoencyrtus Girault, 1916. Cerchysiella koenigsmanni (Trjapitzin, 1985) is considered a subjective synonym of C. latiscapus (Shafee et Fatma, 1984). The following replacement names are given: Acerophagus xuzhihongi Trjapitzin, nom. n. for A. clavatus Xu Zhihong, 1999 non A. clavatus Pilipjuk, 1981; and Anagyrus sergueii Trjapitzin, nom. n. for Anagyrus orbitalis Timberlake, 1941 non A. orbitalis (Ruschka, 1923). Material on encyrtids from the Macaronesian islands Tenerife and Madeira in the museums in Madrid, Helsinki and Washington were examined.     

New species of chalcidoid wasps of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea) from arid Palaearctic regions

Five new species of chalcidoid wasps of the family Eurytomidae are described: four from Israel and one from Kazakhstan. Tetramesa pavliceki Zerova, sp. n. (cylindrica species group) is closely related to T. scheppugi Schlecht., but differs in the more elongate flagellar segments, longer genae, and smooth metasomal tergites. Eurytoma nevoi Zerova, sp. n. is similar to E. sabulosa Erd. and E. bicolorata Zer. (phragmiticola species group), differs from these species in the longer marginal vein, punctate propodeum, and longer flagellar segments. E. oreni Zerova, sp. n. belongs to the fumipennis species group. It is closely related to E. monticola Zer., but differs in the more convex scape, longer postmarginal vein, and yellow legs. E. simutniki Zerova, sp. n. belongs to the robusta species-group. It resembles E. heriadi Zer., but differs in the longer flagellar segments of the female and in the shorter postmarginal vein. Nikanoria mamayevi Zerova, sp. n. is similar to N. stigma Zer., but differs in the more elongate metasoma, longer flagellar segments of both sexes, and larger yellow spots on the pronotum.     

Digger wasps (Hymenoptera,Apoidea: Ampulicidae,Sphecidae, Crabronidae) of the Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Territory,Abkhazia, and adjacent areas

A list of 208 digger-wasp species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae) from the Black Sea coast and adjacent areas within Krasnodar Territory, Abkhazia, and Adygea is given. Gorytes schmiedeknechti Handlirsch, 1888, Miscophus albufeirae Andrade, 1952, Psenulus fulvicornis (Schenck, 1857), and Passaloecus pictus Ribaut, 1952) are new to the Russian fauna, and 47 species are recorded for the first time from Abkhazia. Ectemnius guttatus (Vander Linden, 1829) does not occur in the Western Caucasus; the record of the species from this region was based on a misidentified female of E. lituratus Pz. Tachysphex gibbus Kohl, 1885, stat. n. is considered a distinct species based on its ecological and morphological features.     

New species of parasitoid wasps of the family Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from the United Arab Emirates

Two new species of the genus Eurytoma, Eu. emirata Zerova, sp. n. and Eu. cornutella Zerova, sp. n., and two new species of the genus Nikanoria, N. globosa Zerova, sp. n. and N. cuspidata Zerova, sp. n., are described from the United Arab Emirates. This is the first record of genera and species of Eurytomidae from the United Arab Emirates. Holotypes and paratypes of the new species are deposited in the collection of Institute of Zoology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kiev).     

An endoparasitic species of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) attacking Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

A solitary endoparasitic species of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) was reared from pupae of an aphidophagous gall midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in Japan. The parasitoid was identified as Gastrancistrus fuscicornis Walker, a species that has been recorded from Europe. An unidentified aphid has been proposed as being a host of G. fuscicornis, but the study reported here confirmed that G. fuscicornis is an endoparasitoid of A. aphidimyza. I consider that G. fuscicornis may not be a parasitoid of aphid. I found a nontentorial pit on the head of male and female of G. fuscicornis. According to the definition of the nontentorial pits, the pit found in G. fuscicornis corresponds to the facial pit. This is the first finding of the facial pit in Chalcidoidea. Morphological differences between G. fuscicornis and its allied species are provided.     

New data on chromosomes of parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae)

The new data on chromosomes of parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ichneumoninae: Centeterus major (2n = 22), Diadromus troglodytes (2n = 22), D. varicolor (2n = 22), Tycherus infimus (2n = 22), Cratichneumon rufifrons (2n = 26), Eristicus clarigator (2n =.26), and Ctenichneumon funereus (2n = 16) were obtained. Some aspects of the chromosomal variability of Ichneumoninae are discussed.     

佩妃延腹小蜂属榕小蜂CYP6家族进化分析

采用PCR方法获得了佩妃延腹小蜂属Philotrypesis榕小蜂9条CYP6基因片段：CYP6CK1, CYP6AQ2, CYP6AQ3, CYP6AS20, CYP6AS21, CYP6AS22, CYP6AS23, CYP6AS24和 CYP6AS25。这些基因序列都包含编码蛋白疏水螺旋区Ⅰ和血红素结合域的区域。使用MEGA 4.0构建基因树,用PAML 4.0检测选择压力。结果表明：榕小蜂的CYP6AS, CYP6AQ, CYP6CK基因亚家族的扩张可能是在自然选择下通过基因复制方式完成的。基于最大似然法的位点特异性模型对蛋白编码序列选择压力检测发现：榕小蜂CYP6AS亚家族的基因接受净化选择,在氨基酸序列上表现出较高的保守性。