各地区人类嗜T细胞病毒Ⅰ型的聚类分析

已有相关文献表明人类嗜T细胞病毒Ⅰ型(Human T-lymphotropic virus 1,记为HTLV-Ⅰ)的分布具有区域性,本文旨在提出不同的分析区域性的方法。首先从GenBank中选取来自亚洲、南美洲、非洲的共20条核苷酸序列,用分子生物学软件Vector NTI Suite分析各地区序列样本内部的同源性,然后以各序列的氨基酸含量为对象,定义一个全新的公式进行同源性分析,将该结果与其他研究者采用实验的方法的分析结果比较。结果发现不同的分析方法所得的结论均是一致的。这表明:HTLV-Ⅰ病毒的分布有明显的区域性,文章采用的研究方法对其他流行病学的研究是同样可行的。     

HBZ在人类T淋巴细胞白血病1型病毒HTLV-1致癌中的功能

人类T淋巴细胞白血病1型病毒(Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1,HTLV-1)是与人类疾病发生密切相关的逆转录病毒,HTLV-1的感染可引起成人T细胞白血病(Adult T-cell leukemia,ATL)。HBZ(HTLV-1bZIP factor)是由HTLV-1前病毒反义链编码的病毒蛋白。在HTVL-1所编码的病毒基因中,HBZ是唯一一个在所有ATL病人样品中持续、稳定表达的病毒基因。而且,HBZ在HTLV-1诱发肿瘤的过程中发挥着极其重要的作用。近十年来对HBZ结构及其功能的研究成为白血病研究领域的热点。因此,本文就HBZ在HTLV-1致癌机制方面的相关研究成果作一综述。     

人T细胞白血病病毒Ⅰ型的研究现状

人T细胞白血病病毒Ⅰ型 (HTLV I)是一类在人体可引起严重疾病的逆转录病毒。有数据表明国内局部地区存在小的流行 ,本文从病原学、流行病学、监床表现、实验室诊断等方面对其作一综述。     

人嗜T淋巴细胞白血病病毒I型(HTLV-Ⅰ)核心蛋白(p24)基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

人嗜Ｔ淋巴细胞白血病病毒Ｉ型（ＨＴＬＶ－Ⅰ）核心蛋白（ｐ２４）基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达段震峰,滕志平,纪志武,陈国敏,张永利,曾毅（中国预防医学科学院病毒学研究所,北京１０００５２）关键词人嗜Ｔ淋巴细胞白血病病毒Ｉ型（ＨＴＬＶ－Ｉ）,聚合酶链反...     

Ⅰ型人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)逆转录酶在大肠杆菌中的表达及其初步纯化

Ⅰ型人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)逆转录酶(RT)在抗病毒感染及AIDS治疗药物的设计中是一个重要的靶分子,并且可作为工具酶应用于逆转录PCR等分子生物学研究中。本研究将HIV-1RT基因经PCR扩增并修饰后克隆入大肠杆菌表达载体pBV220,所获重组子所表达的HIV-1RT蛋白占菌体总蛋白的8％左右,且经[~3H]dTTP掺入法证实该重组HIV-1RT具有RT聚合酶活性。用Q-Sepharose层析柱对重组HIV-1RT蛋白进行了初步纯化,所获纯化样品的RT聚合酶比活性(1.7×10~4U/mg)比纯化前的裂解上清提高612倍。     

人类嗜T细胞白血病Ⅰ型病毒TAX蛋白对NF—kB转录因子的作用

人类嗜Ｔ细胞白血病Ⅰ型病毒（ＨＴＬＶ－Ⅰ）是成人Ｔ细胞白血病（ＡＴＬ）的致病因子,其编码的ＴＡＸ蛋白的反式激活在白血病形成中有重要作用。ＮＦ－ｋＢ是细胞活化和产生细胞因子的重要转录调控因子。正常情况下,ＮＦ－ｋＢ因子与抑制性蛋白ＩＫＢ结合,形成复合物存在于胞质中。ＴＡＸ蛋白可与ＩＫＢ激酶γ（ＩＫＫγ）直接结合,而后启动ＴＡＸ对ＩＫＫα和ＩＫＫβ的结合,并使之发生磷酸化。后者使ＩＫＢ蛋白降解,ＮＦ－     

鸽副黏病毒Ⅰ型(川沙株)攻毒剂量研究

为了确定鸽副黏病毒Ⅰ型灭活疫苗(S-1株)攻毒试验的攻毒剂量。本研究采用SPF鸡胚测定鸽副黏病毒Ⅰ型强毒株(川沙株)E5代的病毒含量,并以不同剂量病毒液分别接种30日龄低抗体幼龄鸽(HI抗体≤2)和120日龄低抗体青年鸽(HI抗体≤2),对试验鸽进行临床症状和病理学检查。结果显示,该病毒株对低抗体鸽有致死作用,最小致死量为102.5 ELD50。因此,为了确保攻毒效果,在鸽副黏病毒Ⅰ型灭活疫苗(S-1株)制造及检验规程中规定:以1 000倍的最小致死量(即105.5 ELD50)作为疫苗免疫效力检验的攻毒剂量。     

HTLV-1病毒蛋白Tax和HBZ协同促进成人T细胞白血病发生的机制

人类T细胞白血病1型病毒(Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1,HTLV-1)是与人类疾病发生密切相关的逆转录病毒。该病毒的感染可引起成人T细胞白血病(Adult T-cell leukemia,ATL)等多种疾病的发生。Tax和HBZ(HTLV-1 basic zipper protein)是由HTLV-1前病毒编码的两个关键病毒蛋白,它们被认为在HTLV-1病毒的复制、生存和致癌过程中发挥了至关重要的作用。本文就Tax和HBZ的蛋白结构以及它们在调控病毒转录、细胞生长和凋亡、病毒潜伏期,最终协同促进成人T细胞白血病发生过程中发挥的作用作一综述。     

Standardisation of Western blotting to detect HTLV-1 antibodies synthesised in the central nervous system of HAM/TSP patients

Intrathecal synthesis of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antibodies (Abs) represents conclusive evidence of a specific immune response in the central nervous system of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients. Western blotting (WB) for HTLV Abs in serum is a confirmatory test for HTLV-1 infection. The aim of this study was to standardise the Western blot to demonstrate the intrathecal pattern of Abs against HTLV-1 proteins in HAM/TSP patients. Paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were selected from 20 patients with definite HAM/TSP, 19 HTLV-1 seronegative patients and two HTLV-1 patients without definite HAM/TSP. The presence of reactive bands of greater intensity in the CSF compared to serum (or bands in only the CSF) indicated the intrathecal synthesis of anti-HTLV-1 Abs. All definite HAM/TSP patients presented with an intrathecal synthesis of anti-HTLV-1 Abs; these Abs were not detected in the control patients. The most frequent intrathecal targets of anti-HTLV-1 Abs were GD21, rgp46-I and p24 and, to a lesser extent, p19, p26, p28, p32, p36, p53 gp21 and gp46. The intrathecal immune response against env (GD21 and rgp46-I) and gag (p24) proteins represents the most important humoral pattern in HAM/TSP. This response may be used as a diagnostic marker, considering the frequent association of intrathecal anti-HTLV-1 Ab synthesis with HAM/TSP and the pathogenesis of this neurological disease.     

Effect of prime-site sequence of retro-inverso-modified HTLV-1 protease inhibitor

The effects of additional substituents covering the prime-site of retro-inverso (RI)-modified HTLV-1 protease inhibitors containing a hydroxyethylamine isoster were clarified. Stereo-selective construction of the most potent isoster backbone was achieved by the Evans-aldol reaction. Addition of N-acetylated d-amino acid corresponding to the P₂′ site gave an RI-modified inhibitor showing superior inhibitory activity to the previous inhibitor. Inhibitory activities of the newly synthesized inhibitors suggest that partially modified RI inhibitors would interact with HTLV-1 protease in the same manner as the parent hydroxyethylamine inhibitor.     

Prevalence and genetic characterisation of HTLV-1 and 2 dual infections in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Central-West Brazil

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) may impact the clinical course of tuberculosis (TB). Both infections are highly endemic in Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 in TB patients in Central-West Brazil and to perform a genetic characterisation of the respective isolates. Of the 402 patients, six (1.49%) were positive for anti-HTLV and five (1.24%; 95% confidence interval: 0.46-3.05) were infected with HTLV-1/2. Genetic characterisation demonstrated that the four HTLV-1 isolates belonged to the Transcontinental subgroup A of the Cosmopolitan subtype a and that the HTLV-2 isolate belonged to subtype a (HTLV-2a/c). The prevalence of HTLV infection observed in this study is higher than that observed in local blood donors and the HTLV-1 and 2 subtypes identified are consistent with those circulating in Brazil.     

Immunological signature of the different clinical stages of the HTLV-1 infection: establishing serum biomarkers for HTLV-1-associated disease morbidity

Abstract

This study aimed at establishing the immunological signature and an algorithm for clinical management of the different clinical stages of the HTLV-1-infection based on serum biomarkers. A panel of serum biomarkers was evaluated by four sets of innovative/non-conventional data analysis approaches in samples from 87 HTLV-1 patients: asymptomatic carriers (AC), putative HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (pHAM/TSP) and HAM/TSP. The analysis of cumulative curves and molecular signatures pointed out that HAM/TSP presented a pro-inflammatory profile mediated by CXCL10/LTB-4/IL-6/TNF-α/IFN-γ, counterbalanced by IL-4/IL-10. The analysis of biomarker networks showed that AC presented a strongly intertwined pro-inflammatory/regulatory net with IL-4/IL-10 playing a central role, while HAM/TSP exhibited overall immune response toward a predominant pro-inflammatory profile. At last, the classification and regression trees proposed for clinical practice allowed for the construction of an algorithm to discriminate AC, pHAM and HAM/TSP patients with the elected biomarkers: IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4 and CysLT. These findings reveal a complex interaction among chemokine/leukotriene/cytokine in HTLV-1 infection and suggest the use of the selected but combined biomarkers for the follow-up/diagnosis of disease morbidity of HTLV-1-infected individuals.     

HTLV-1 and apoptosis: role in cellular transformation and recent advances in therapeutic approaches

A universal cellular defense mechanism against viral invasion is the elimination of infected cells through apoptotic cell death. To counteract host defenses many viruses have evolved complex apoptosis evasion strategies. The oncogenic human retrovirus HTLV-1 is the etiological agent of adult-T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and the neurodegenerative disease known as HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The poor prognosis in HTLV-1-induced ATLL is linked to the resistance of neoplastic T cells against conventional therapies and the immuno-compromised state of patients. Nevertheless, several studies have shown that the apoptotic pathway is largely intact and can be reactivated in ATLL tumor cells to induce specific killing. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by HTLV-1 to counteract cellular death pathways remains an important challenge for future therapies and the treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases.     

Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Antibodies in Healthy Populations and Renal Transplanted Patients in the North-East of Brazil

The seroprevalence of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection was investigated in Brazilians (570): native inhabitants (298) and descendants from Japanese (272) living in Recife and its neighborhoods—North-east of Brazil. Furthermore, polytransfused renal transplanted patients (54) were also examined for the serological status to this virus. The seropositivity to HTLV-1, screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was low: 1.34% for the local population and 0.73% for the descendants from Japanese. However, the seropositivity for the renal transplanted patients was found to be 11.1%. This higher value suggests that this retrovirus infection seems to be of importance in this clinical condition.     

Role of caspase 9 in activation of HTLV-1 LTR expression by DNA damaging agents

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is caused by HTLV-I. The viral Tax oncoprotein plays a central role in initiating the process to ATL. However, after infection HTLV-1 enters into latency, during which virus gene expression is very low, so that the level of Tax is likely insufficient for exerting its oncogenic activities. Therefore only 5% of the infected individuals may develop ATL several decades after infection. It is assumed that the transition from latency to ATL development requires at least a temporary activation of the latent virus in order to elevate Tax to its oncogenic threshold. We have previously found that DNA damaging agents, which usually induce apoptosis, can also activate the viral LTR and that the anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 protein not only avoid their apoptosis induction but concomitantly prevents their LTR activation effect. Therefore, the present study was designed to identify the factor that while participating in the apoptotic cascade acts also to activate the viral LTR. For this purpose we employed ectopic vectors expressing these apoptotic factors together with potent shRNAs against each of them and anti caspase peptide inhibitors. We have found that in addition to its function as initiator of the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade, caspase 9 can acts also as an executer which among other non-apoptotic functions it forms an Sp1-p53 complex that activates the LTR by binding to an Sp1 recognition site residing in the LTR. This finding can help in designing effective preventing strategies against ATL development in clinically latent HTLV-1 carriers.