光色素信号通路中磷酸化修饰研究进展

光是植物的唯一能量来源, 植物在进化过程中产生不同的光敏色素来感知光信号。光信号通路中元件通常被特异翻译后修饰调节。光敏色素是一种自磷酸化的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶, 可以被一些蛋白磷酸酶去磷酸化。通过对光敏色素A (phyA)和光敏色素B (phyB)的自磷酸化位点研究, 发现自磷酸化对光敏色素的功能及其介导的信号通路起着非常重要的作用。光激活的光敏色素诱导光敏色素作用因子(PIF)磷酸化, 这对于PIF的正常降解及光形态建成的起始是必需的。该文主要介绍了光敏色素信号通路磷酸化修饰的最新进展, 以期为深入研究光敏色素信号转导机制提供参考。     

纯化方式对麦麸酯酶农药检测效能的影响

为探讨麦麸酯酶应用于农残检测的可行性,采用固蓝B染色体系,以酶活抑制率为指标,研究了经Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤层析、双水相萃取、硫酸铵分段盐析3种方式纯化后的麦麸酯酶对6种农药的敏感性及最低检测限(LOD)。结果显示,经Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤层析、双水相萃取、硫酸铵分段盐析后的麦麸酯酶对6种农药的LOD范围分别是0.003～0.193 mg/L、0.005～0.116 mg/L和0.039～0.386 mg/L。其中,经凝胶过滤层析和双水相萃取后的麦麸酯酶对6种农药的敏感性相对于粗酶液均有不同程度的提高,而经硫酸铵分段盐析后的麦麸酯酶对6种农药的敏感性低于粗酶液。该研究为麦麸酯酶应用于农药残留检测奠定了一定的技术基础。     

光敏色素信号通路中磷酸化修饰研究进展

光是植物的唯一能量来源,植物在进化过程中产生不同的光敏色素来感知光信号。光信号通路中元件通常被特异翻译后修饰调节。光敏色素是一种自磷酸化的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,可以被一些蛋白磷酸酶去磷酸化。通过对光敏色素A(phy A)和光敏色素B(phy B)的自磷酸化位点研究,发现自磷酸化对光敏色素的功能及其介导的信号通路起着非常重要的作用。光激活的光敏色素诱导光敏色素作用因子(PIF)磷酸化,这对于PIF的正常降解及光形态建成的起始是必需的。该文主要介绍了光敏色素信号通路磷酸化修饰的最新进展,以期为深入研究光敏色素信号转导机制提供参考。     

发菜藻蓝蛋白分离纯化的研究

以发菜为材料,比较了提取液类型和饱和硫酸铵浓度对藻蓝蛋白提取的影响,并对藻蓝蛋白的提取程序和部分特性进行了研究。结果表明:50 mmol/L KP缓冲液(pH值7.2)是合适的提取液,体积分数为40%~50%饱和硫酸铵盐析效果优于其它浓度。经过DEAE-Toyopeal 650 S离子交换层析和SuperdexTM200凝胶过滤层析后,藻蓝蛋白纯度达6.2,最大吸收峰位于615 nm,荧光发射峰位于649 nm,由α和β2个亚基组成,其分子质量分别为18 051.17和19 142.27 Da。因此,发菜藻蓝蛋白分离纯化较为理想的程序为:藻粉→50 mmol/L KP缓冲液(pH值7.2)浸泡→French pressure(1 500 kg/cm2)破碎细胞→40%~50%饱和硫酸铵盐析→DEAE-Toyopeal 650 S离子交换层析→SuperdexTM200凝胶过滤层析→较纯的藻蓝蛋白。     

尼泊尔酸模根中活性蛋白--凝集素特性初探

经实验得知尼泊酸模根中除含有其传统有效成分大黄素外,还具有活性蛋白--凝集素,能使3%兔红血球发生凝集反应;该活性蛋白在pH 8.0,0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl (1M NaCl)的缓冲液中血凝活性最强;经80%饱和度硫酸铵分级沉淀,沉淀中凝集素含量最高.     

麻疯树毒素的分离及其某些性质

用磷酸盐缓冲液萃取,硫酸铵盐析及葡聚糖凝胶G-100柱层析后,从麻疯树种子分离出三个蛋白组分。其表观分子量分别约为34000、27000和9500道尔顿;等电点分别为8.1、8.8和8.8.它们在紫外区呈现典型的蛋白吸收光谱。组分Ⅰ毒性最大,小鼠腹腔注射半致死量(LD₅₀)为6.39mg。     

光周期对光敏核不育水稻光敏色素A含量及其mRNA丰度的影响

光敏核不育水稻(农垦58S)是我国特有的水稻(Oryza sativa L.)种质材料,光敏色素是光周期诱导其育性转变的受体。报道了育性转换敏感期间的光周期处理对农垦58S及对照“农垦58”叶片中光敏色素A(Phy A)含量及其mRNA丰度的影响。在10个光周期处理的最后一个暗期结束前,收获每株水稻的上部两片叶,用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定Phy A。和长日照(LD)相比,短日照(SD)处理导致农垦58SPhy A相对含量增加38.5％;而“农垦58”只增加18.5％。显然,在较长的暗期中,农垦58S中Phy A的积累比对照快。在水稻幼苗中也得出相似的结果。以光敏色素A基因(phy A)的特异性片段RPA3作探针,用RNA斑点杂交的方法对叶片中Phy A mRNA丰度进行分析的结果表明,光周期处理5d和10d时,两品种水稻的Phy A mRNA丰度都是SD处理的比LD的高,而且SD下农垦58S Phy A mRNA的丰度均比“农垦58”的高。这些结果表明,甲基化水平较低的农垦58S phy A可能比“农垦58”的phy A更活跃地表达。另外,在育性转换敏感期每日主光期结束时(EOD)进行10次短暂的远红光(FR)照射。结果表明,农垦58S植株抽穗和开花期比SD处理推迟2d,而花粉败育率、种子结实率却无变化。暗示农垦58S开花和育性转变过程的光周期反应可能不同。     

一种同时纯化钙谓神经磷酸酶和钙调素的有效方法

本文报导了一种能同时纯化钙调神经磷酸酶和钙调素的有效方法。牛脑粗提液经DE-52纤维素层析分段洗脱:0.5mol/L NaCl缓冲液洗脱峰经phenyl-sepharose亲和柱和G75 sephadex制得电泳纯钙调素。0.18mol/L KCl缓冲液洗脱峰经Affigel-Blue层析,硫酸铵盐析,钙调素亲和层析,G-200 Sephadex凝胶过滤制得电泳纯钙调神经磷酸酶。     

豌豆黄化苗114kD光敏色素的纯化

以25℃暗室中培养7d的阿拉斯加豌豆黄化苗为材料,采用改进的Yamamoto等方法,制备光敏色素粗提取液,再经DEAE-Sephacel,Brushite以及DEAE-Agarose柱层析得到初步提纯的光敏色素。然后再通过豌豆光敏色素抗体mAP1-Sepharose 4B亲和层析得到了提纯的豌豆114 kD光敏色素,经SDS-PAG电泳检测为一条带,并具有类似于纯净光敏色素的吸收光谱。     

光敏色素与光调控

生物体的新陈代谢和生长发育主要受遗传信息及环境信息的调控,遗传信息规定了个体发育的潜在模式,但它的实现在很大程度上受控于环境信息。光作为主要的环境因子,不仅提供光合作用所需的能量,而且触发植物形态变化、质体分化、新陈代谢等重要反应(统称为光形态建成)。光形态建成至少与四个不同类型光受体相关:光敏色素、蓝光受体、UV-A受体、UV-B受体,其中研究最深入的当属光敏色素。自1983年Vierstra和Quail分离到完整的光敏色素蛋白质以来,科学家相继对光敏色素的分子种类、生物合成与调控及生理机制展开了广泛深入的研究,并且取得了令人瞩目的进展。时至今日,随着新方法、新技术的应用,从光敏色素感受光刺激到基因在细胞核中表达,再到光形态建成的整个信号传递途径已逐步为人们所认识,许多与光敏色素调节有关的顺式因子及相应的DNA结合蛋白也已被确定。功能研究发现,没有哪一个反式作用因子在光调节的表达中单独起作用,可见光敏色素调控的基因表达是相当复杂的。本文拟就光敏色素分子、光敏色素基因家族、光敏色素所激活的信号传递途径及光敏色素与基因表达的关系等方面做一综述。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.