贵州盘县石脑盆地早第三纪哺乳动物

石脑盆地位于贵州省西南边缘盘县特区的石脑公社,是一个大致呈南北向、南宽北狭、总面积不足10平方公里的小型断块盆地.盆地中的新地层,构成轴向南北的背斜构造,东翼缓(10-30度)西翼陡(40-50度),四缘与二叠系或三叠系呈断层接触.较为完整的剖面以及采集到化石较多的地点,在盆地中部的独家村东侧,出露的主要由一套山麓相的近源堆积物所组成的地层,出露厚度约290米.依岩性可分为5层:     

Dongyingia dorsinodosa向D. spongiformis的演化及其地层意义

随着石油勘探工作向沉积盆地中心深入展开,近年来对辽宁省辽河断陷的西部凹陷南部双台子河口构造一带的下第三系进行了重点钻探。从盆地边部浅水沉积区向盆地中心较深水沉积区,跨越不同相带的地层对比工作出现了一些新的矛盾。例如,在划分对比双91井、双101井、双94井和双96井等井范围内东营组与沙河街组分界时,发现了东营介属Dongyingia与西营介属Xiyingia重叠的地层,因而产生了两种不同的对比方案:(1)以Dongyingia作为东营组的标志,强调以Dongyingia底界为准划分分界;(2)     

谈谈食肉类恐龙

1972年末,在河南栾川县秋扒公社发掘出大型食肉类恐龙——霸王龙类的牙齿化石,这类化石我国只在内蒙、新疆发现过。这次的发现不但扩大了霸王龙类在我国的地理分布,而且对秋扒-潭头山间构造盆地的地层时代划分提供了根据。过去地质工作者一般都认为该盆地是新生代早第三纪的沉积,现在可以认为该盆地的地层时代至少一部分是中生代晚白垩世的。现借栾川霸王龙类化石发现的机会,简单介绍一     

南雄盆地和池江盆地早第三纪地层

南雄盆地和池江盆地分别位于大庾岭的南北两侧,处于赣粤穹折带的西段。两盆地受中生代北东东向断裂构造的影响,形成块断盆地,在盆地中堆积了一、二千米厚的中、新生代地层。南雄、池江盆地的早第三纪地层富含哺乳类化石,是研究我国早第三纪地层及哺乳动物群的重要地点。目前,世界上已知的古新世哺乳类化石地点约有三十多处,同时兼有晚古新世和中早古新世哺乳类化石的地点就更少了,大约有七处,南雄、池江盆地就是其中的两个地点。     

东海陆架盆地西南部始新世海相沟鞭藻类

本文描述了东海陆架盆地西南部W6-1-1井始新世海相沟鞭藻类24属36种(包括4新种),绿藻1属2种;论述了生物地层特征,建立了两个沟鞭藻组合并讨论了其地质时代、古环境及海侵海退等问题。东海陆架盆地始新统两个沟鞭藻组合基本上代表了一个大的海侵海退过程;海侵导致微体浮游植物的繁盛,并提供了较丰富的生油母质。文中提出下、中始新统的界线应置于温州组下部的灰岩与厚层泥岩之间,即瓯江组上部至温州组下部的灰岩应划归下始新统,温州组的其余地层应划归中始新统。     

陕南商县盆地晚期中生代叶肢介

一、前言商县盆地呈北西-南东向延伸于陕西南部的商县和丹凤县境内,长约60km,宽约5km,为北秦岭中段一个小型中新生代构造盆地。晚期中生代和新生代红层在盆地中颇为发育。其中,晚期中生代地层主要出露于盆地西北部的熊耳山至商县县城附近及王山底一带,为河流、湖泊相砂砾岩、页岩,夹有油页岩和煤线,含有丰富的双壳类、介形类、叶肢介等淡水动物化石以及昆虫和少量植物化石。根据地层和生物群总体特征。     

一块“鸟喙”化石

鄂尔多斯盆地在文化大革命期间,一度曾因陕甘宁边区政府在延安建立的政治原因,被称为陕甘宁盆地。该盆地是我国中生代陆相沉积地层分布广泛,发育良好,地层层序较为清晰,构造运动相对平稳,陆相沉积类型众多的地区之一。也是全球中生代陆相沉积地层发育较好的地区之一。该盆地地层中蕴藏着十分丰富的煤炭、天然气、石油、岩盐、粘土矿等沉积矿产,特别是盆地中部的侏罗系地层储藏着世界级的优质大煤田,储藏量惊人,     

陇东西礼盆地晚期新生代非海相腹足类

一、前言西礼盆地位于甘肃东南部,是一个中、新生代陆相沉积盆地。盆地主体呈北东—南西向,第三纪地层在盆地内普遍分布,常常覆于不同地质时代的岩系之上,岩性主要是一套盆地堆积的砂砾岩和泥质岩。本文记述的腹足类化石,是西北一地质队于1973年采自西礼盆地西部的西和县与礼县之间的第三纪地层中。经鉴定研究,共有12个     

广东南雄盆地晚白垩世—早第三纪非海相腹足类组合序列

一、前言南雄盆地位于粤北浈水流域,横跨粤赣两省,呈北东向展布,面积约1000km^2(插图1)。盆地受新华夏构造体系控制,是一个地堑式断陷盆地,晚白垩世至早第三纪沉积了厚达2000—3000m以河湖相为主的地层,其中含有极丰富的非海相腹足类化石。通过近几年来资料的收集、积累并加以系统的分析研究。     

青海西宁盆地中新世地层及哺乳动物群性质

继对1978年采自青海西宁盆地中新世哺乳动物的记述后,本文简介盆地中新统地层,并讨论了各化石层的哺乳动物群的性质。从化石的初步分析表明,西宁盆地在中新世时,有比较连续的沉积,这使它在我国晚第三纪地层的划分和对比中占有重要的位置,并可能为与欧洲有关层位进行比较,进而为中新世欧亚动物地理的研究提供线索。     

Tertiary Sporo-Pollen Assemblage of-Zhujiangkou Pearl River North Basin and Its Stratigraphicai Significance

The Tertiary sediments in the Zhujiangkou (Pearl River North) Basin are well developed, containing very rich pollens and spores. Polynological research has been going on since 1977. According to the characters, they may be divided into seven palynological assemblages as follows: 1. Taxodiaceaepollenites-Gothanipollis assemblage (Corresponding to the Baoan Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Alnipollenites, Quercoidites, Liquidam- barpollenites, Taxodiaceaepollenites and Pinuspollenites. In addition it contains some Polypoiisporites, Ostryoipollenites, Retitricolpites, and rare characteristic species: Utri-culariapollis tritremites, U. tetratremites, Trilobapollis leps, T. ellipticus, Opcrculumpollis operculatus, Ulmoideipites krempii, Ulmipollenites minor and Gothanipollis bassensis, referring to Early-Middle Oligocene age. 2. Ostryoipollenites-PinuspoUenites assemblage (Corresponding to the Zhuhai Formation). The assemblage is similar to the preceding assemblage. In the same manner are well development of Quercoidites, Ostryoipollenites, AlnipoUenitcs, Liquidambarpollenites, Polypodiisporites, Pinuspollenites, Dicolpopollis, with a certain amount of Cupuliferoipollenites, Dacrydiumites, Cedripites, Ulmipollcnites, and minority of Trilobapollis, but such older pollen grains as Utriculariapollis tritremites, U. tetratremites and Opcrculumpollis operculatus have never been discovered harein. Its age is Late Oligocene. 3.Quercoidites-Retitricolpites assemblage (Corresponding to the Zhujiang Formation). The assemblage is different to the preceding assemblage inacute attenuation of Ostryoipollenites, Alnipollenites, Pinuspollenites and Cedripites, some oleder Angiospermonus pollen as Trilobapollis, Gothanipollis, Ulmoideipites krempii, Ulmipollenites minor have never been discovered herein. The assemblage is characterized by the abundance of Quercoidites, Liquidambarpollenites, Dicolpopollis and Retitricolpites. In addition present many Florschuetzia trilobata, F. semilobata and F. levipoli and Zonocostites cf. ramonae, suggeting Early Miocene. 4. Florschuetzia trilobata-F, semilobata assemblage (Corresponding to the Lower member of the Hanjing Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Florschuetzia trilobata, F. semilobata, Cupuliferoipollenites and Polypodiisporites. In addition it contains some Polypodiaceaesporites, Quercoidites, Rctetricolpites and rare Florschuetzia levipoli and Zonocostatites of ramonae, probably referred to the Early stage of Middle Miocene. Florschuetzia levipoli-Zonocostatites cf. ramonae assemblage (Corresponding to the Upper member of the Hanjiang Formation). The assemblage is characterized by the abundance of Florschutzia levipoli, F. trilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, Cupuliferoipollenites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Polypodiisporites, and also by preferred of F. semilobata, Quercoidites, Dicolpopollis, probably referred to the Late stage of Middle Miocene. 6. Chenopodipollis-Cupuliferoipollenites assemblage (Corresponding to the Yuechai Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Cupuliferoipollenites, and presence of Graminidites, Chenopodipollis, Polypodiisporites, and rare Florschuetzia levipoli, F. semilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, but pollen grains F. trilobata have never been discovered herein, assigned to Late Miocene. 7. Cupuliferoipollenites-Polypodiaceae assemblage (Corresponding to the Wanshan Formation). The assemblage consists of Polypodiisporites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Cupuliferoipollenites, and also by presence Graminidites, Liquidambarpollenites, Quercoidites, and rare Florschuetzia levipoli, F. semilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, referring to Pliocene age. According to the present sporopollen assemblage, it may be supposed the paleoclimate of Zhujiangkou (Pearl River Mouth) Basin in the Oligocene Epoch was certainly rather cold and arid; in the Neogene Period was warn and wet.     

珠江口盆地第三纪孢粉组合及其意义

珠江口盆地第三系十分发育。在六个层段中自上而下分为七个孢粉组合带:万山组的壳斗粉-水龙骨科组合、粤海组的藜粉-壳斗粉组合、韩江组的光极弗氏粉-罗曼娜环孔粉(比较种)组合和三瓣弗氏粉-半瓣弗氏粉组合、珠江组的栎粉-网面三沟粉组合、珠海组的苗榆粉-双束松粉组合和宝安组的杉粉-高腾粉组合。本文根据各孢粉组合带的特征,讨论其相关层段的地质时代,同时阐述了珠江口盆地第三纪时期古植物群的更替、古气候的演化和古环境的变迁。还讨论了弗氏粉的起源及其在南海海侵过程中的指相意义。     

拉萨地区林周盆地设兴组上部(古近系)年代研究的新进展及意义

拉萨地区林周盆地典中那玛剖面设兴组上部新发现的孢粉组合以落叶、阔叶植物为主体,主要为桦科的Alnipollenites,Betulaepollenites,Carpiniptes,山毛榉科的Quercoidites,胡桃科的Juglanspollenites,榆科的Ulmipollenites,椴科的Tiliapollenites等,孢粉化石多为古近纪常见分子,未发现白垩纪的特征分子。古近纪早期大量出现的三孔沟,网面三孔沟等花粉少量出现;孢粉组合更接近于古近纪中晚期的面貌,其时代可能属于晚始新世。因此,设兴组上部的年代可能是始新世晚期。由此推论,设兴组和林子宗群之间的角度不整合不能代表白垩纪古近纪之间的构造运动,而是代表始新世晚期后的构造运动。同时,林周盆地可能沉积有古近纪的河湖相地层。     

江汉盆地渔洋组上部的古新世孢粉组合

20世纪70至80年代,几乎所有关于江汉盆地跑马岗组和渔洋组的古生物文献都将其时代确定为晚白垩世。李伟同在深入地研究了跑马岗组标准剖面上的轮藻化石后提出跑马岗组大部分属于古新统。取自层位与跑马岗组相当的渔洋组上段上部的岩芯样品经分析后获得了丰富的孢粉化石。这一组合总的面貌与王大宁等获得的晚白垩世渔洋组的第三组合区别明显,而与古近纪的新沟嘴组的第四组合相似处很多。在该孢粉植物群中,常见于当地的晚白垩世分子,如希指蕨孢属、克拉梭粉属、江汉粉属、刺参粉属、鹰粉属等没有或极少见到。而在本组合常见的南岭粉属、五边粉属、漆树粉属等多出现在我国南方古新世地层中。因此,其时代很有可能为古新世。如果是这样,渔洋组上部有可能跨越了白垩系和古近系界线。从当前孢粉植物群含有很多亚热带成分以及麻黄粉属以及胡颓子粉属、忍冬粉属等看,它反映了江汉盆地当时偏干旱的亚热带气候。     

Paleobotanical remains from the Paleocene–lower Eocene Vagadkhol Formation, western India and their paleoclimatic and phytogeographic implications

A small assemblage of macro- and micro floral remains comprising fossil leaf impressions, silicified wood, spores, and pollen grains is reported from the Paleocene–lower Eocene Vagadkhol Formation (=Olpad Formation) exposed around Vagadkhol village in the Bharuch District of Gujarat, western India. The fossil leaves are represented by five genera and six species, namely, Polyalthia palaeosimiarum (Annonaceae), Acronychia siwalica (Rutaceae), Terminalia palaeocatapa and T. panandhroensis (Combretaceae), Lagerstroemia patelii (Lythraceae), and a new species, Gardenia vagadkholia (Rubiaceae). The lone fossil wood has been attributed to a new species, Schleicheroxylon bharuchense (Sapindaceae). The palynological assemblage, consisting of pollen grains and spores, comprises eleven taxa with more or less equal representation of pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Angiospermous pollen grains include a new species Palmidites magnus. Spores are mostly pteridophytic but some fungal spores were also recovered. All the fossil species have been identified in the extant genera. The present day distribution of modern taxa comparable to the fossil assemblage recorded from the Vagadkhol area mostly indicate terrestrial lowland environment. Low frequency of pollen of two highland temperate taxa (Pinaceae) in the assemblage suggests that they may have been transported from a distant source. The wood and leaf taxa in the fossil assemblage are suggestive of tropical moist or wet forest with some deciduousness during the Paleocene–early Eocene. The presence of many fungal taxa further suggests the prevalence of enough humidity at the time of sedimentation.     

Early and Middle Jurassic Sporo-Pollen Assemblages of Qiquanhu Coal-Field of Turpan Xinjiang

One hundred and thirteen species of spores and pollens belonging to 58 genera were found from 66 core samples taken from two boreholes of the Early and Middle Jurassic deposits in the Qiquanhu coal-field of the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang have been investigated in this paper. Two of the species are described as new. Three sporo-pollen zones from lower to upper are described as follows: Sporo-pollen zone Ⅰ (equivalent bed: Badaowan Formation) . The pteridophytic spores are slightly more abundant than the gymnospermous pollen in this assemblage. The most abundant spores are Cyathidites minor, C. australis and Undulatisporites pflugii, U. taenus and so on. The second important fern spores are Osmundacidites, Lycopodiumsporites, Apiculatisporis and Duplexisporites. The most important gymnospermous genus is Cycadopites which ranks highest in the assemblage and includes C. nitidus and C. typicus.The other gymnospermous pollen include Classopollis, Pinuspollenites, Protoconiferus Piceites. Besides, there are a few pollen grains of Taeniaesporites and Chordasporites surviving from the Late Triassic in this assemblage. The present assemblage may be compared with the Early Jurassic sporopollen assemblage from the Daling Formation of the North-East Guangxi. Therefore, the Badaowan Formtion may be referred to Early Jurassic in age, probably Early Lias. Sporo-pollen zone Ⅱ (equivalent bed: Sangonghe Formation) In this assemblage the gymnosperms are predominant.Of them, Podocarpidites and Pinuspollenites increase obviously, and Quadraeculina and Protoconiferus are common. Few surviving elements are observed. The most abundant spores are those of Cyathidites, and the particularly abundant pollens are those of Cycadopites, This assemblage may be compared with the Late Lias sporo-pollen assemblage from the Fuxian Formation of the Northern Shangganning Basin. Therefore, the Sangonghe Formation should belong to Early Jurassic, probably Late Lias in age. Sporo-pollen zone Ⅲ (equivalent bed: Xishanyao Formation). The contents of the spores and pollens are almost equal in this assemblage. Cyathidites and Cycadopites are the most important spores and pollen. Osmundacidites and Quadraeculina are common. Neoraistrickia, Lycopodiumsporites and Eucommiidites troedssonii are present. Ancient striate bisaccate pollen disappears. The characteristics of this assemblage show some resemblances to those of the Middle Jurassic Yanan Formation in Chongxin county of Gansu province. So the Xishanyao Formation should belong to Middle Jurassic.     

Palynoflora of the Liushagang formation (Eocene-Early Oligocene) in the northern part of South China Sea

In the northern part of South China Sea, including Tonkin Gulf, Hainan lsland, Leizhon Peninsula and some basin of Guangdong Province, Paleogene deposits are composed of three formations: the Weizhon, the Liushagang and the Changliu formations arranged in descending order. The paper on the palynoflora of the Weizhon Formation (early and middle Oligocene) is in press^[2]. This paper deals only with the palynoflora of the Liushagang Formation, with may be divided into four main stages: The first stage is represented by Monocolpollenites tranquillus and Crassoretitriletes sp., assigned to early Eocene The second stage is characterized by Salixipollenites, Momipites triletipollenites and Operculumpollis. Its age is middle Eocene. The third stage is dominated by some species of Quercoidites and Ulmipollenites and also characterized by the presence of Platycaryapollenites and Prominangularia dogyingensis, This sporo-pollen assemblage suggests a late Eocene in age. The fouth stage is marked by profusion of some alga of brockish water, such as Rugasphera corrugia, Granodiscus gronulatus and some pollen types of Liquidambarpollenites minutus, Multiporopollenites puctatus and Tricolporopollenites minutus. The age of the last stage is assigned to early oliocene. In generaly, the palynoflora of the Liushagang Formation is quite different from that of the Weizhou Formation. The main types of spores and pollen are common with those found in Europe and North America of the same age, while the Weizhou Formation has many elements common both in this region and Borneo. During Eocene and early Oligocene this area was of continental phase with brackish basins. At the beginning the climate was rather moist and hot, but then itbecame moist and warmtemperate.     

Petroleum Sporo-Pollen Assemblages and Oil Source Rock of Kuche Seg in Xinjiang

Twenty-eight species (or forms) of fossil pollen and spores referred to 20 genera extracted from the crude oil samples collected from the Kuche Seg of the Talimu Basin in Xinjiang are observed. The conception of the petroleum sporopouen assemblage is further expounded and the classification of the petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage is also tentatively proposed. According to the characteristics of the assemblages, the problem on oil source of the mentioned oil-bearing region is discussed in this paper. The petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage of Jurassic reservoir of Kucbe Seg is composed of Deltoidospora perpusilla, D. gradata, Cyathidites minor, Hymenophyllumsporites deltoidus, Cingulatisporites problematicus, Cibotiumspora paradoxa, Osmundacidites ap., Cycadopites typicus, C. nitidus, Podocarpidites multesimus, Alisporites grandis, Alisporites bilateralis, Parvisaccites sp., Abietineaepollenites microalatus, A. minimus, PinuspoRenites sp., Piceaepollenites sp., etc. These species of spores and pollen have been found from the Jurassic deposits in this region or in the adjacent regions. The petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage only contains the spores and pollen which coincide with those of the reservoir in age. There is not any spore or pollen older or younger than the reservoir. Consequently, it may be referred to a monotonous type of petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage. The petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage of Cretaceous reservoir of this region consists of Deltoidospora perpusilla, Cryathidites minor, Cibotiumspora paradoxa, Schizaeoisporites zizyphinus, Osmundacidites sp., Crcadopites typicus, C. nitidus, Parvisaccites sp., Cedripites cretaceus, Abietineaepollenites microalatus, A. minimus, Pinuspollenites sp., etc. All these species distribute either in the Jurassic deposits or in the Cretaceous deposits in this region or in the adjacent regions. The distribution of Schizaeoisporites zizyphinus and Cedripites cretaceus is usually limited to the Cretaceous deposits. Both the Cretaceous species and the Jurassic species are comprised in the assemblage, so it may be referred to a composite type of petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage. The petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage of Tertiary reservoir comprises Deltoidospora perpusilla, Cyathidites minor, Cibotiumspora paradoxa, Schizaeoisporites zizyphinus, Poly-podiaceaesporites sp., Cycadopites nitidus, Podocarpidites multesimus, Parvisaccites sp., Abietineaepollenites mininus, Pinuspollenites labdacus, Piceaepollenites alatus, Cedripites ovatus, Ephedripites fusiformis, Quercoidites microhenrici, Chenopodipollis multiporatus, C. microporatus, Artemisiaepollenites sdlularis, etc. Besides the Tertiary pollen and spores, the assemblage contains the Jurassic species and the Cretaceous species, and therefore it belongs to a composite type of petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage. The monotonous type of petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage reflects that the oil source rock is coincident with the reservoir rock in age, and the composite type of petroleum sporopollen assemblage shows that the oil source rock is generally older than the reservoir rock. Based on the investigation of the petroleum sporo-pollen assemblages, the oil source rock of the Kuche Seg is considered to be Jurassic Period in age, and the Lower Jurassic Yangxia Formation and the Middle Jurassic Kuzilenuer Formation are considered to be favorable source rock. The conclusion is supported by the result of the organic geochemical investigation.     

新疆独山子油田原油中的孢子花粉

本文研究了新疆准噶尔盆地独山子油田原油中分离出的孢子花粉35属51种。基于原油中孢子花粉的研究,追溯了该含油区的油源并讨论了油气运移问题。根据原油中找到的孢子花粉化石来判断,准噶尔盆地西南含油区有两套油源岩系,即下一中侏罗统八道湾一头屯河组和渐新统安集海河组。     

西藏新生代秋乌组孢粉化石的发现及其初步研究

本文首次报道西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带附近秋乌组含煤沉积中的孢粉化石。孢粉植物群主要由Quercoidifes,具孔类及三孔沟类花粉组成,包括12科26属及一些未定类群。组合中产有少量的Graminidites及Tsugaepollenites。植物群的总体特征显示其时代可能为渐新世至早中新世。秋乌组沉积早期的环境比较温暖。