LABYRINTH AND EQUILIBRIUM : I. A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF REMOVAL OF THE OTOLITH ORGANS AND OF THE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS.

1. A dogfish from which all six ampullæ have been removed maintains its equilibrium; the righting reactions occur promptly; compensatory movements of the eyes occur in response to rotations in all planes except the horizontal; the compensatory position of the eyes is retained if the animal is held in an abnormal position. Both the static and dynamic functions of equilibrium continue, therefore, after complete removal of all the semicircular canals and all the ampullæ. 2. After complete removal of the otoliths from the vestibules without injury to the ampullæ the animal maintains its equilibrium in the water, rights itself promptly, and makes compensatory motions to rotations in all planes. If held in an abnormal position the compensatory position of the eyes is maintained. Both static and dynamic functions of equilibrium continue. 3. Destruction of both the semicircular canals and the otolith organs completely abolishes all compensatory movements and equilibrium reactions of labyrinthine origin. 4. It is pointed out that these observations do not justify the theory of Mach and Breuer that the ampullæ and semicircular canals are the organs for the dynamic functions of equilibrium, and that the otoliths are the organs for the static functions of equilibrium. 5. The new experiments recorded in this paper show that the ampullæ alone (without the otoliths) suffice for all the dynamic and all the static functions of equilibrium of the ear; and that the otolith organs (without the ampullæ) suffice for all the static and for all the dynamic functions of equilibrium of the ear with the exception of the response to a rotation of the animal in a horizontal plane.     

西安市学生膝部长骨的干骺融合时间与身高等发育指标的关系

本文根据西安市2612例学生的活体测量以及电子计算机对数据的统计分析,得出了西安市学生身高等发育指标及有关指数,绘制了有关的发育曲线,讨论了身高等发育指标与膝部长骨干骺融合的关系。     

CARBOHYDRATE CYTOCHEMISTRY OF THE INTESTINE AND SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE SNAIL HELIX LUCORUM: EFFECT OF STARVATION AND HIBERNATION

The mucous cells of the intestinal and salivary gland epitheliumof the snail Helix lucorum produce granules exhibiting a strongpositive reaction for periodate-reactive carbohydrates. Thecytochemical appearance of the mucous granules in the two tissuesis quite different; in the salivary glands the granules displayconcentric rings in a web-like pattern of periodate-reactivematerial, while in the intestine this material displays a compactstructure. The mucous granules in both tissues also react positivelyfor sulphated and carboxylated carbohydrates. Large quantities of glycogen particles are also present in closerelation to lipid inclusions in ciliated and unciliated cellsof the intestinal epithelium. Hibernation and starvation did not alter the chemistry of carbohydratessecreted by the intestinal and salivary gland cells. The amountof glycogen particles and lipid inclusions, however, drasticallydecreased in columnar cells inhibernated and starved snailscompared to controls. (Received 16 June 1994; accepted 20 October 1994)     

PROTEIN COAGULATION AND ITS REVERSAL : THE REVERSAL OF THE COAGULATION OF HEMOGLOBIN

1. The preparation from completely coagulated hemoglobin of crystalline soluble hemoglobin is described. 2. This soluble hemoglobin by all the tests tried has been indistinguishable from normal native hemoglobin which has never been coagulated. 3. The coagulation of hemoglobin is probably reversible. 4. Since hemoglobin is a typical coagulable protein, protein coagulation in general is probably reversible.