耐高浓度氨氮的异养硝化好氧反硝化菌株U1的鉴定及其脱氮特性

【背景】城市垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂的有机废水,含氮量高,如果未经处理直接排放到环境中会造成严重的环境污染。【目的】筛选可以耐受垃圾渗滤液中高浓度氨氮并高效去除污水中氮素的异养硝化好氧反硝化菌株,为解决垃圾渗滤液的氮素污染提供功能菌株。【方法】从垃圾渗滤液中筛选分离能耐受高氨氮浓度的菌株,通过测定各菌株的脱氮能力,筛选到一株脱氮能力最强的菌株,命名为U1,通过测定16S rRNA基因序列和生理生化特性确定该菌株为铜绿假单胞菌。进一步研究了菌株U1在不同初始氨氮浓度、碳源、转速、初始pH、碳氮比等单因素变量下的脱氮能力,并结合L₉（3⁴）正交试验研究了菌株U1的最佳脱氮条件。【结果】分离出一株铜绿假单胞菌并命名为U1。该菌株的最优脱氮条件为:初始氨氮浓度为1 000 mg/L,红糖和柠檬酸三钠的混合碳源,pH 6.0,C/N为10,转速为130 r/min,菌株U1的最大总氮去除率为64.37%,最大氨氮去除率为76.73%。对于总氮和氨氮含量分别是2 345 mg/L和1 473.8 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液,菌株U1最大总氮去除率为27.86%...     

球形红细菌厌氧降解2,4-二硝基甲苯

【目的】研究不同环境条件对2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)生物降解的影响。【方法】采用光合细菌球形红细菌在温度为30 °C的光照培养箱中厌氧降解2,4-DNT,并用高效液相色谱仪测定其浓度。【结果】去除2,4-DNT的最佳条件是初始浓度40 mg/L、初始pH 7.0和接种量15%。另外,2,4-DNT在菌体延滞期被细胞吸收,然后在指数期作为碳源被降解。2,4-DNT的去除率在72 h达到98.8%。从液相色谱图中观察到有2种中间代谢产物,但在120 h内产物被逐渐降解。2,4-DNT的去除动力学符合一级速率模型。【结论】不同条件下2,4-DNT的去除率表明球形红细菌能有效降解2,4-DNT。     

新型异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌Paracoccus sp. QD-19的分离及脱氮特性研究

从沈阳市南部污水处理厂活性污泥中分离获得同时具备异养硝化和好氧反硝化能力的新型菌株,研究其脱氮特性,为改善污水厂的脱氮处理工艺奠定基础。对菌株进行形态学观察和16S rRNA基因鉴定;分别以NH₄Cl、NaNO₂、KNO₃为唯一氮源探究菌株的脱氮能力;以碳源、C/N比、pH值、温度、转速、接种量(V∶V)等因素对菌株脱氮效果的影响进行研究。获得一株新型异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株,经16S rRNA基因序列比对为副球菌属(Paracoccus),命名为Paracoccus sp. QD-19。菌株对初始氨氮浓度在300 mg/L以下的低浓度氨氮去除率能够达到100%,去除速率为8.707 mg/(L·h)且在脱氮过程中几乎没有亚硝态氮和硝态氮的积累。以亚硝态氮和硝态氮作为唯一氮源时,对此两种氮源的去除率36 h内均能达到99%,去除速率分别为4.944和5.666mg/(L·h)。确定了去除氨氮的最佳脱氮条件：琥珀酸钠为碳源,C/N比为10,pH值为7,接种量(V:V)为1%,温度为30℃,转速为140 r/min。菌株Pa...     

出芽短梗霉菌JB16铅镉吸附特性的研究北大核心

【目的】本文对污染土壤中的耐重金属菌株进行分离鉴定,研究菌株在不同条件下对吸附铅镉的影响因素。【方法】通过生理生化特征及ITS序列分析确定菌株种属,采用平板划线法确定最大耐铅镉浓度并探究菌株吸附的最佳条件;通过准二级动力学、Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附的模型及红外光谱探究吸附过程。【结果】菌落形态和ITS序列分析鉴定表明,筛选分离的JB16为出芽短梗霉菌(Aureobasidium pullulans),最大耐铅浓度达1500 mg/L,最大耐镉浓度达750 mg/L,最大耐铅镉混合浓度达1500 mg/L和300 mg/L。通过单因素实验(温度、时间、菌龄、pH、湿菌体浓度和初始重金属浓度)得出结论,在温度30℃、时间2 h、菌龄72 h、pH 6、湿菌体浓度5 g/L和初始铅浓度150 mg/L的最佳条件下,菌体对铅的吸附率为88.5%;在温度30℃、时间1 h、菌龄96 h、pH 6、湿菌体浓度5 g/L和初始镉浓度20 mg/L的最佳条件下,菌体对镉的吸附率为59.4%。菌株吸附铅镉过程符合Langmuir吸附模型和准二级动力学模型,为表面单分子层吸附。扫描电镜和红外光谱分析表明,重金属离子对菌体造成影响,吸附前后形态发生变化,细胞表面的羟基、羧基、饱和C−H键和酰胺基等基团参与了吸附过程。【结论】菌株JB16具有一定的铅镉吸附效果,为修复重金属铅镉污染的水体和土壤提供宝贵的菌种资源和数据支持。     

乙酸驱动条件下粪产碱杆菌Y5的碳氮共脱除特性

【目的】研究微生物的碳氮共脱除特性及其关键影响因素。【方法】以乙酸为唯一碳源分离获得的碳氮共脱除菌株Y5为模式菌株,分析菌株Y5的16S r RNA基因序列、碳源和氮源去除动力学,以及碳源种类、碳氮比(C/N)、溶解氧浓度(DO)、温度和p H等影响效果。【结果】菌株Y5归属于粪产碱杆菌。与葡萄糖及多种有机酸相比,菌株Y5在以乙酸为唯一碳源的条件下具有较高的TOC和NH4+-N去除速率。在好氧条件下,当起始TOC浓度为1 000 mg/L,氨氮浓度为110 mg/L时,菌株Y5的NH4+-N、TOC和总氮(TN)去除率分别达99.54%、92.95%和86.55%,最大NH4+-N、TOC和TN去除速率分别为903.58、505.81和406.03 mg/(L·d)。【结论】粪产碱杆菌Y5在以乙酸为唯一碳源的条件下具有较强的碳氮共脱除能力,其最佳反应条件为:C/N=10,p H 7.0-8.0,溶氧6.20 mg/L,反应温度为30°C。     

生物法降解低浓度含环己烷废气的研究

使用以环己烷为惟一碳源和能源的降解菌株SYSHHJ1,设计了生物滤池装置,控制出口环己烷浓度不大于120 mg/m3,在温度为25~30℃时,研究了相对湿度、入口环己烷浓度、气体流量等操作条件对环己烷去除效果的影响,得到了最佳条件:相对湿度为85%,入口环己烷浓度为600 mg/m3,气体流量为0.04 m3/h环己烷最高去除率为82.0%,表明此菌株降解低浓度环己烷废气有较好的效果。     

一株养殖水体中亚硝酸盐去除菌的鉴定及其去除条件

【目的】从养殖污泥中分离筛选优良亚硝酸盐去除菌,并对其去除条件进行研究。【方法】从养殖污泥中分离亚硝酸盐去除菌,进一步通过测定比较分离菌株对亚硝酸盐的去除率,筛选优良的亚硝酸盐去除菌,通过API ID32GN细菌鉴定系统以及16S rDNA序列分析法对其进行鉴定,并采用单因子法研究其去除亚硝酸盐的条件。【结果】从养殖污泥中分离筛选了一株优良的亚硝酸盐去除菌AQ-3,其对50 mg/L亚硝酸盐的去除率高达99.47%。菌株AQ-3被鉴定为鲍曼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)(GenBank登录号:JF751054.1),其16S rDNA序列与基因库中不动杆菌属菌株的16S rDNA序列有99%?100%的同源性,而且与鲍曼氏不动杆菌KF714株(GenBank登录号:AB109775)的亲缘关系最近。菌株AQ-3去除亚硝酸盐的最适初始pH范围为7?9,最佳碳源为乙酸钠和丁二酸钠,而且随着初始菌浓度的不断增大,菌株AQ-3对亚硝酸盐的去除率显著升高;随着亚硝酸盐浓度的不断增大,菌株AQ-3对亚硝酸盐的去除率逐渐降低。【结论】在丰富亚硝酸盐去除菌种质资源的同时,为该菌在养殖水体中的实际应用提供了理论基础。     

一株耐氧反硝化细菌的筛选及脱氮特性研究

从鱼塘中分离到1株高效的有氧反硝化菌,经初步鉴定,为芽孢杆菌。在溶解氧(OD)达到2mg/L时,除氮率达97%,OD达到4～5mg/L,仍有一定的反硝化作用,除氮率为85%以上。与典型的好氧反硝化菌Pseudomonasstutzeri[1]相比,有更强的耐溶解氧的优势。同时初步探讨了水体中不同溶解氧、碳源、pH、温度对该芽孢杆菌W2菌株反硝化作用的影响,水体中存在一定量有机碳源有利于反硝化,当以葡萄糖为碳源,pH为7.0～7.5,温度为32℃时,W2菌株具有最佳的降解人工废水反硝化能力。实验结果表明,在好氧条件下,菌体浓度为1000个/mL时,对自然水体中高达1mg/L亚硝酸浓度也能发挥高效的反硝化作用。     

好氧反硝化细菌的鉴定及其脱氮特性研究

2018年3月,在广东省中山市的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)养殖池塘水体中分离筛选出一株高效好氧反硝化细菌,结合菌株的形态观察、生理生化特性和16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定为Pseudomonas furukawaii,命名为ZS1。并进一步研究了该菌株的脱氮特性,同时采用单因素实验方法探究了不同碳源种类、温度、pH、C/N和摇床转速对菌株ZS1脱氮效率的影响。结果表明, ZS1菌株在好氧条件下具有高效的脱氮效-N)的含量从48.93降低到1.27 mg/L,去除率为97.40%,去除速率达0.993mg/(L·h);总氮(TN)的含量从52.04降低到8.40 mg/L,去除率为83.86%,去除速率达0.909 mg/(L·h),且无亚硝酸-N为唯一氮源,菌株ZS1发挥最佳好氧反硝化性能的碳源为乙酸钠、柠檬酸钠和葡萄糖、温度为25—35℃、pH为7.0—10.0、C/N为15—25、转速为100—200 r/min。上述结果显示,菌株P.furukawaii ZS1具有良好的好氧反硝化性能,将为池塘养殖尾水处理应用生物脱氮技术提供理论依据及成为初步的候选菌株。     

球形红细菌厌氧降解2,4-二硝基甲苯（英文）

【目的】研究不同环境条件对2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)生物降解的影响。【方法】采用光合细菌球形红细菌在温度为30°C的光照培养箱中厌氧降解2,4-DNT,并用高效液相色谱仪测定其浓度。【结果】去除2,4-DNT的最佳条件是初始浓度40 mg/L、初始p H 7.0和接种量15%。另外,2,4-DNT在菌体延滞期被细胞吸收,然后在指数期作为碳源被降解。2,4-DNT的去除率在72 h达到98.8%。从液相色谱图中观察到有2种中间代谢产物,但在120 h内产物被逐渐降解。2,4-DNT的去除动力学符合一级速率模型。【结论】不同条件下2,4-DNT的去除率表明球形红细菌能有效降解2,4-DNT。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.