礼服甲螨科中国新纪录属及一新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,甲螨目,礼服甲螨科)

记述了采自贵州省贵阳市花溪区高坡的礼服甲螨科中国新纪录属拟礼服甲螨属Trhypochthoniellus Willmann,1928,及其1新种黔拟礼服甲螨Trhypochthoniellus qianensis sp.nov..新种与分布于日本的孔拟礼服甲螨Trhypochthoniellus porticus Fujikawa,2000近似.区别为:新种后背板毛c2和c3长度相等,且毛的长度短于c2-c3间的距离,孔拟礼服甲螨c2毛的长度远远长于c3,且c2毛的长度长于c2-c3间的距离;新种e1毛的长度末达到f1的着生点,近似种e1毛的长度超过了f1的着生点;新种生殖毛光滑,而近似种生殖毛粗糙;新种足的毛序是Ⅰ:1-3-3(1)-3(1)-10(3);Ⅱ:1-4-3-3-11(1);Ⅲ:2-2-3-3-11;Ⅳ:1-2-2-2-10,近似种足的毛序是Ⅰ:1-6-3-4-12;Ⅱ:1-5-3-3-11;Ⅲ:2-2-2-2-10;Ⅳ:1-2-2-2-11.     

中国小赫甲螨属一新种记述(甲螨亚目,小赫甲螨科)(英文)

记述了采自我国西藏和甘肃的小赫甲螨属1新种,郑氏小赫甲螨Hermannniella zhengisp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所国家动物博物馆。郑氏小赫甲螨,新种Hermanniella zhengisp.nov.(图1~16)新种以后背板背面小孔状花纹与杜氏小赫甲螨H.dubininiSitnikova,1973、微毛小赫甲螨H.microsetosa Hammer,1966、长毛小赫甲螨H.longisetosaHammer,1966相似,但新种以吻端有凹陷和后背板第3若螨毛f1指向前而不同于这3个已知种。除此之外,新种与杜氏小赫甲螨的区别为:新种梁毛与梁间毛端部尖,感器端部无膨大,被稀疏小刺,后背板背面小孔状花纹的6个点(有时为5或7个)间由细线连接成规则多边形,后缘成体毛4对,光滑;杜氏小赫甲螨梁毛和梁间毛端部钝圆,感器端部被小刺且略膨大,后背板背面花纹为无细线相连的不规则分散小孔,后缘5对成体毛,略被小刺。新种与微毛小赫甲螨的区别为:新种吻毛外表面被小刺,后背板背面花纹为大小均一的小孔,小孔之间有细线连成规则多边形;微毛小赫甲螨吻毛光滑,后背板上的小孔状花纹排列规则,成行但不连接成...     

中国毛罗甲螨属及一新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,甲螨目,罗甲螨科)

毛罗甲螨属Vepracarus在中国已经记录有3种:库毛罗甲螨V.cruzae Corpuz-Raros,密毛罗甲螨V.hirsutus Aoki,点毛罗甲螨V.punctatus Hu et Wang。本文记述采自江西井冈山1新种:井冈山毛罗甲螨V.jinggangshanensis sp.nov.。记述了3个已知种分布及采集纪录;详细描述了新种的形态特征并绘制了整体特征图,比较了新种与其近似种点毛罗甲螨V.punctatus Hu et Wang的区别特征,提供了该属中国已知种检索表。研究标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所。井冈山毛罗甲螨,新种V.jinggangshanensis sp.nov.(图1～2)浅褐色,体表具有不规则刻点,筒形,体长437μm,体宽236μm。新种与点毛罗甲螨V.punctatus Hu et Wang相似,其主要区别特征如下:后背板从c系列毛后开始着生增生毛;感器后外毛较吻毛、梁毛、梁间毛及感器前外毛长;吻毛、梁毛、梁间毛及感器前外毛等长;基节板毛式为8-7-3-4。正模,江西井冈山,2008-08-22,谢丽霞采。副模2头,采集信息同正模。词源:新种以采集地点井冈山命名。     

珠甲螨科中国一新纪录属——旁珠足甲螨属(蜱螨亚纲,甲螨亚目,珠甲螨总科)

记述采自青海省西宁市互助北山国家森林公园的中国1新纪录属,旁珠足甲螨属Parabelbella Bulanova-Zachvatkina,1967,及1新种,半刺旁珠足甲螨Parabelbella dimidiaspina sp.nov..模式标本保存在贵州大学昆虫研究所.半刺旁珠足甲螨,新种Parabelbella dimidiasphna sp.nov.新种相似于锯毛旁珠足甲螨Parabelbella crenatosetosa,都具有短而单侧具刺刚毛,感器窝侧突(＆)、(Sp)及梁间毛(蚴.新种具前背板凸起(Aa)和(母),假气门器(豇)中端密被微刺;而锯毛旁珠足甲螨Parabelbella crenatosetosa以不具有前背板凸起(Aa)和(却),假气门器(豇)整个部位密被微刺的特征区别于新种.检视标本：正模1头(75％酒精浸泡,QHHZBS-XLX-8-17),青海西宁互助北山森林公园(37°06′N,102°14′E;海拔3 075 m),柏树落叶层,2009-08-17,谢丽霞采.副模5头(75％酒精浸泡,QHXNDWY-XLX-2009-8-17),采集记录同正模.分布：中国(青海).词源：新种种名源自拉丁词“如庇如一半或对半″及“跏协刺”,意指新种假气门器(盯)端半部分密被微刺.     

青厉螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲:厉螨科)

本文记述青厉螨属一新种,穴居青厉螨Qinghailaelapscavicoloussp．nov.,其特征：背板前部的刚毛,包括F2较后面的毛显著粗长;背板周围有一圈不规则的角质增厚区;胸毛粗长,St1末端超过胸板后缘;肛板前线内凹;腹表皮刚毛约25对,中部的毛粗长。模式标本采自青海玛沁县的鸟穴中,保存在南京大学医学院寄生虫学教研室。     

跗线螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：跗线螨科）

本文描述跗线螨属一新种,英氏跗线螨。新种以作者在德国进修时的导师Ｗ．Ｄ．Ｅｎｇｌｅｒｔ的姓氏命名。其特点是：２ａ毛生于第２表皮内突近远端１／３处,Ｃａ毛短于其相互间距;跗节Ⅱ的Ｔαβ感棒生于该节的基部;３ａ毛的位置不高于后中表皮内突的前端点。     

中国西藏甲螨新种和新纪录种记述(蜱螨亚纲:甲螨亚目)

报道西藏甲螨4新种和6新纪录种,标本采于西藏东南色季拉山,海拔3640－4800m,新种为：粒小隅甲螨Microtegeus granulatus Wang et Shen,sp.nov.,西藏真翅背甲螨Eupterotegaeus xizangensis Wang et Solhoy,sp.nov.,头新裸甲螨Neogymnobates capitatus Wang et Solhoy,sp.nov.,山溯甲螨Birsteinius monticolus Wang et Shen,sp.nov.,新纪录种为：纽氏平懒甲螨 Platynothrus nomatai Aoki,塞氏矮汉甲螨Nanhermannia sellnicki Forsslund,杜氏小赫甲螨Hermanniella dubinini Sitnikova,多齿刀肋甲螨Cultroribula dentata Willmann,曲波甲螨Unduloribates undulatus(Berlese),毛暗色甲螨Fuscozetes setosus(C.L.koch)。本文报道的波甲螨属,溯甲螨属,新裸甲螨属和暗色甲螨属为中国首次发现。     

云南叶螨属二新种记述(蜱螨目:叶螨科)

在鉴定云南叶螨标本时,发现叶螨属二新种,兹记述如下。模式标本保存于上海农学院。(文内量度单位均为微米)。 野葵叶螨Tetranychus malvae新种(图1—7) 雌螨 体长(包括喙)556,体宽344。体椭圆形,红色。 须肢端感器圆柱形,长6.2,宽4.2。背感器棒形,长6.7。两刺状毛长度约等,为8.5。口针鞘前端圆钝。气门沟U形弯曲。 背表皮纹纤细,在第三对背中毛间和内骶毛间为纵向,形成菱形纹。背毛12对(缺臀毛),刚毛状,具细茸毛,不着生在结节上。背毛长于横列间距。背毛长度如下:第1—3     

中国尖棱甲螨科(甲螨亚目,尖棱甲螨总科)一新纪录属一新种

记述了中国尖棱甲螨科1新纪录属1新种,扁毛片尖棱甲螨Laminizetes tabulatus Huang et Yang,sp.nov..新种是片尖棱甲螨属Laminizetes的第2个种,其主要鉴别特征是:吻圆;后背板毛10对,粗壮略扁平;梁片状,大而宽;梁毛le和梁间毛in粗壮,具浓密微刺,略扁平;感器长,梭形;腿节和胫节Ⅰ～Ⅳ以及跗节Ⅰ～Ⅱ上的l″毛、跗节Ⅰ上的pl″毛、跗节Ⅱ上ft″毛粗壮,具浓密微刺;跗节Ⅱ上s毛呈大齿梳状;腿节Ⅲ上l″毛较长.此外,还对新种和模式种之间的差异做了较详细的比较.     

中国赤螨两新种（蜱螨亚纲：赤螨科）

醉语言忆述赤螨科２属２新种。朱亭纤赤螨Ｌｅｐｔｕｓ ｚｈｕｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,外寄生于刺股钩臂叶甲和一种蝉,新种与Ｌ．ｄｒａｃｏ Ｓｏｕｔｈｃｏｔｔ近似,前感毛基部位于骨化程度较低之盾片上,但新种Ｖｓ刚毛位于足Ⅱ膝节上,而不象Ｌ．ｄｒａｃｏ位于足Ｉ膝节上,新种须肢股节上刚毛为披针形,而Ｌ．ｄｒａｃｏ为棒状,以资区别。湖南查丽赤螨Ｃｈａｒｌｅｔｏｎｉａ ｈｕｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏ     

To the knowledge of oribatid mites of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nothrus</Emphasis> (Acari,Oribatida, Nothridae) from Taiwan

Two species of oribatid mites of the genus Nothrus (Oribatida, Nothridae) were collected during an expedition to Taiwan in 2017. The species Nothrus anauniensis Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876 is redescribed and illustrated in detail; the main morphological traits for this species are summarized. A new species Nothrus xuejianensis Ermilov sp. n. is described; it differs from the closest species, Nothrus meakanensis Fujikawa, 1999 by the morphology and length of notogastral setae h₂ and number of subcapitular setae m.     

New species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of the genera Belbodamaeus (Damaeidae), Malaconothrus (Malaconothridae) and Nothrus (Nothridae) from India

Three new oribatid mite species, Belbodamaeus indicus sp. n. (Damaeidae), Malaconothrus macrofoveolatus sp. n. (Malaconothridae) and Nothrus phylliformis sp. n. (Nothridae), are described from Indian soils. Belbodamaeus indicus sp. n. is clearly distinguishable from all species of Belbodamaeus by the absence of discidia, very long sensilli and morphology of parastigmatic tubercles Sa. Malaconothrus macrofoveolatus sp. n. is very similar morphologically to Malaconothrus yinae Yamamoto, Aoki, Wang & Hu, 1993 from China, however it differs from the latter by the morphology of notogastral and genital setae, size of body foveolae, epimeral formula, and number of genital setae. Nothrus phylliformis sp. n. is very similar morphologically to Nothrus mystax Mahunka, 1986 from Tanzania, however it differs from the latter by the smaller body size, length of interlamellar setae and the position of notogastral setae d ₁. An identification key to known species of Belbodamaeus is presented.     

Further experimental proof of thelytokous parthenogenesis in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida: Desmonomata)

Based on available sex-ratio data, and a few published laboratory proofs, it appears that thelytokous parthenogenesis is probably widespread in the oribatid mites. It is especially common in early-derivative taxa, such as the Desmonomata, where it seems to characterize whole families. Fifteen species of that group were proven capable of parthenogenesis by rearing immatures in groups or in isolation, and following the reproductive success of resulting adults; these include:Afronothrus incisivus, Allonothrus giganticus, Archegozetes longisetosus, Heminothrus ornatissimus, Nanhermannia dorsalis, Na. elegantula, Nothrus anauniensis, No. terminalis carolinae, Platynothrus banksi, P. biangulatus, P. bicarinatus, Trhypochthoniellus badius, Trhypochthoniellus excavatus, andTrhypochthonius americanus. Males are rare or absent in natural populations of each of these species. For three,P. biangulatus, Al. giganticus, andAr. longisetosus (two populations), thelytoky was proven by rearing parthenogenetically generated progeny. Existing evidence suggests that highly female-biased sex-ratios in the Desmonomata are a reliable indication of thelytokous capability, rather than reflecting an evolutionarily stable ratio of sexually reproducing species.     

Oribatid mite (Acari, Oribatida) feeding on ectomycorrhizal fungi

The coexistence of a large number of soil animals without extensive niche differentiation is one of the great riddles in soil biology. The main aim of this study was to explore the importance of partitioning of food resources for the high diversity of micro-arthropods in soil. In addition, we investigated if ectomycorrhizal fungi are preferentially consumed compared to saprotrophic fungi. Until today, ectomycorrhizal fungi have never been tested as potential food resource for oribatid mites. We offered six ectomycorrhizal fungi [Amanita muscaria (L.) Hook., Boletus badius (Fr.) Fr., Cenococcum geophilum Fr., Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Fr., Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. and Piloderma croceum J. Erikss. & Hjortstam], one ericoid mycorrhizal fungus [Hymenoscyphus ericae (D.J. Read) Korf & Kernan] and three saprotrophic fungi [Agrocybe gibberosa (Fr.) Fayod, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. and Mortierella ramanniana (A. Møller) Linnem.] simultaneously to each of the mainly mycophagous oribatid mite species Carabodes femoralis (Nicolet), Nothrus silvestris Nicolet and Oribatula tibialis Nicolet. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungus H. ericae and the ectomycorrhizal fungus B. badius were preferentially consumed by each oribatid mite species. However, feeding preferences differed significantly between the three species, with O. tibialis being most selective. This study for the first time documented that oribatid mites feed on certain ectomycorrhizal fungi.     

The oribates (Oribatei) in the feathers of birds

The authors confirm the fact of disperiosn of oribate mites by birds, that was earlier noticed in acarological references. More than 400 individuals of 53 virds species belonging to different ecological groups have been examined. About 50 species alive oribates were collected in bird feathers: Liochthonius sellnicki, Brachychthonius sp., Hypochthonius rufulus, Nothrus palustris, Malaconothrus egregius, Camisia segnis, Camisia sp., Hermanniella granulata, Trhypochthonius tectorum, Oribatula tibialis, Zigoribatula exilis, Scheloribates laevigatus, Sch. latipes, Suctobelba trigona, Suctobelbella sp., Fosseremaeus laciniatus, Tectocepheus velatus, T. knullei, Nanhermannia coronata, Achpteria coleoptrata, Parachipteria punctata, Damaeus riparius, Eremaeus oblongus, Diapterobates notatus, D. humeralis, Carabodes areolatus, C. marginatus, Sphaerozetes tricuspidatus, Ceratozetes parvulus, C. cisalpinus, Mycobates sp., Punctoribates punctum, Trichoribates trimaculatus, Galumna sp., Oribella paoli, Chamobates laciniatus, Neoribates roubali, Neoliodes farinosus, Oppiella nova, O. unicarinata, O. fallax, Oppia ornata, Steganacarus striculum, Steganacarus applicatus, Tropacarus carinatus, Protoribates capucinus, Scutovertex minutus, Autognetha willmanni, A. longilamellata, Belba sp., Metabelba pulverulenta, Gustavia microcephala, Fuscozetes fuscipes [symbol: see text] Pergalumna nervosa. Carabodes marginatus were met most often, on 8 species of birds, Tectocepheus velatus, on 12 species, Oppiella unicarinata--at 7 species. Some oribate species constantly occur in bird feathers.     

Response of soil mites to organic cultivation in an ultisol in southeast Brazil

Soil-dwelling mites of four plots under organic management were investigated in April and December 1998 and in December 1999. Their populations were compared with mite populations in a pasture and forest in the vicinity. It was observed that there was always an initial reduction in the populations of soil mites and in the activity of the epigeic forms whenever a plot was opened up and disturbed mechanically in preparation for cultivation, irrespective of previous organic inputs. With time, the densities and activities of mites recovered under organic management. The uropodine and oribatid mites in particular benefited more from organic management than gamasine and actinedid mites. Uropodine mites increased tremendously under banana where there was fresh cow dung manure. Oribatid mite species Nothrus seropedicalensis and Archegozetes magnus were dominant in organic plots where the soil was moist and temperatures were lower than the ambient. Protoribates rioensis was dominant in organic plots where the soil was drier and temperatures were higher than the ambient. Galumna was the most active oribatid taxon on the floor of all plots, with the highest activity recorded under maracuja and in pasture plots. The results suggest that while densities and activities of soil mites increased in the organic plots, the community structure and recruitment period of oribatid mites were altered. Oribatid mite diversity was higher in the organic plots than in the pasture but lower than in the forest, where Belba sp. and many Eremobelboid brachypiline genera were present, but absent in the organic plots and pasture.     

Radiation in sexual and parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari) as indicated by genetic divergence of closely related species

The D3 domain and its flanking regions of 28S rRNA of four pairs of closely related sexual species (Eupelops hirtus and E. torulosus; Oribatella calcarata and O. quadricornuta; Chamobates voigtsi and Ch. borealis; Liacarus coracinus and L. subterraneus) and four pairs of closely related parthenogenetic species (Nanhermannia nana and Na. coronata; Nothrus silvestris and No. palustris; Tectocepheus sarekensis and T. minor; Camisia spinifer and Ca. segnis) of oribatid mites were sequenced to investigate (1) if the D3 region can be used as a species marker and (2) if there is genetic variation among closely related species pairs and if its magnitude is related to reproductive mode. Furthermore, we investigated the world-wide genetic variation of the D3 region from the oribatid mite species Platynothrus peltifer. There was no intraspecific genetic variation in the D3 region in any of the species studied; it was even identical in two closely related parthenogenetic species (Na. nana and Na. coronata) and two closely related sexual species (E. hirtus and E. torulosus). The genetic differences of the other species pairs indicated that both parthenogenetic and sexual lineages have various ages. On average, however, the differences between the closely related parthenogenetic species were larger than those between closely related sexual species, indicating that parthenogenetic lineages exist historically and may radiate slower than sexual species. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that some of the parthenogenetic oribatid mite taxa (Tectocepheus, Nothrus) are ‘ancient asexuals’. The absence of intraspecific or intra-individual variation in the D3 region of parthenogenetic species is consistent with the presence of concerted evolution in the 28S rRNA gene. From this we infer the existence of a meiotic process, which is consistent with the automixy known from several other parthenogenetic oribatid species. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Soil oribatid mite communities under three species of legumes in an ultisol in Brazil

Oribatid mite densities in the topsoil and their activity at the soil surface were monitored under three species of perennial legume cover crops namely, Arachis pintoi, Macroptilium atropupureum and Pueraria phaseoloides, grass (Panicum maximum) and bare plots on three occasions in 1998 and 1999 in a derived savanna zone in Brazil. Both densities and activity at the soil surface were higher in the early but cool dry season in April 1998 than in the early wet but warm season in November 1998 and 1999. Three taxonomic groups of macropyline oribatid mites, namely Nothrus, Archegozetes and Masthermannia as well as a brachypyline taxon, Scheloribates were suggested as possible indicators of effect of legumes on soil biota because their populations increased under the legumes and/or their residues. Nothrus in particular increased in abundance more than any other taxon in the presence of residues of A. pintoi. Each legume supported a unique oribatid mite community in terms of species composition and relative abundance. The large numbers of Archegozetes trapped from all the legume and grass plots in April and November 1998 were also attributed to highly conducive conditions provided by the vegetation cover and their residues. The results suggest that the oribatid mite community of the study area was numerically stable as the peak populations of different species were not synchronized. Many taxonomic groups of pycnonotic brachypyline mites were absent. Legume cover crops, especially A. pintoi, and their residues have potential in restoring oribatid mite populations to precultivation levels. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.     

Comparative floral structure and systematics in Oxalidales (Oxalidaceae, Connaraceae, Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Tremandraceae)

Floral morphology, anatomy and histology were studied in representatives of all families of current Oxalidales, which were recently constituted as a result of molecular systematic studies by other authors, and are composed of families of different positions in traditional classifications (Oxalidaceae, Connaraceae, Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Tremandraceae). Two of the three pairs of sister (or nested) families that come out in molecular analyses are highly supported by floral structure: Oxalidaceae/Connaraceae and Elaeocarpaceae/Tremandraceae, whereas Cephalotaceae/Cunoniaceae are not especially similar at the level of Oxalidales. Oxalidaceae and Connaraceae share petals that are postgenitally united into a basal tube (although they are imbricate in both) but free at the insertion zone, stamens that are congenitally united at the base, uniseriate glandular hairs on the stamen filaments, and ovules that are hemianatropous to almost orthotropous. The sharing of a special type of sieve-tube plastids and of trimorphic heterostyly, studied by other authors, should also be mentioned. With Brunelliaceae, the two families share an androgynophore and nectaries at the base of the stamens in alternisepalous sectors. Elaeocarpaceae and Tremandraceae share buzz-pollinated flowers and a syndrome of features functionally connected with it. In addition, petals are larger than sepals in advanced bud, they are valvate, involute and enwrap part of the adjacent stamens, they have three vascular traces. Lignified hairs are common on the anthers and are found in the ovary locules and on the ovules (not lignified) of representatives of both families. Ovules have a chalazal appendage, and the inner integument is much thicker than the outer.  © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 140 , 321–381.