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Background
The term “Defensive” medicine was coined in the early 1970′s and has been an important topic of scientific investigation and professional debate ever since.Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of defensive medicine, its reasons, and the extent to which it is practiced in the Turkish health care system. This is the first national survey to study the practice of defensive medicine among neurosurgeons in Turkey.Methods
The present cross-sectional study on defensive medicine assessed neurosurgeons registered at the Turkish Neurosurgical Society, who are actively working in various centers and hospitals within the Turkish health care system. A 40-question survey was adapted from existing measures described in the literature and was completed by a total of 404 neurosurgeons, representing 36.7% of the neurosurgeons registered at the Turkish Neurosurgical Society.Results
Seventy-two percent of the participants in the current study reported practicing defensive medicine. This practice was mainly reported among inexperienced neurosurgeons (74.4%). Most were younger than 40 years of age (75.2%), working in state hospitals/universities (72.7%), and living in the Marmara region (38%). Respondents reported engaging in defensive medicine by avoiding high-risk surgery (62.6%), ordering additional imaging studies (60.9%) and laboratory tests (33.7%), and referring patients to consultants (31.2%). Most participants consider every patient as a potential threat in terms of a medical lawsuit (68.3%) and do not believe the courts can distinguish malpractice from complications (89.6%).Conclusion
Concerns and perceptions about medical liability lead neurosurgeons to practice defensive medicine. By avoiding high-risk surgery, ordering unnecessary diagnostic tests, and referring the patients to consultants, neurosurgeons try to minimize the risk of malpractice and protect themselves from legal risks, resulting in higher healthcare expenditure and longer treatment periods. 相似文献3.
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Using an evolutionary game, we show that patients and physicians can interact with predator-prey relationships. Litigious patients who seek compensation are the ‘predators’ and physicians are their ‘prey’. Physicians can adapt to the risk of being sued by performing defensive medicine. We find that improvements in clinical safety can increase the share of litigious patients and leave unchanged the share of physicians who perform defensive medicine. This paradoxical result is consistent with increasing trends in malpractice claims in spite of safety improvements, observed for example in empirical studies on anesthesiologists. Perfect cooperation with neither defensive nor litigious behaviors can be the Pareto-optimal solution when it is not a Nash equilibrium, so maximizing social welfare may require government intervention. 相似文献
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Avranil Goswami Urmita Chakraborty Tanmay Mahapatra Sanchita Mahapatra Tapajyoti Mukherjee Shibali Das Aritra Das Subir Kumar Dey Sudhin Ray Basudev Bhattacharya Nishith Kumar Pal 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
Background
Worldwide highest number of new pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases, was reported from India in 2012. Adverse treatment outcomes and emergence of drug resistance further complicated the prevailing scenario owing to increased duration, cost and toxicity associated with the treatment of drug-resistant cases. Hence to reinforce India’s fight against TB, identification of the correlates of adverse treatment outcomes and drug resistance, seemed critical.Methods
To estimate the associations between diagnostic findings, patient types (based on treatment outcomes), drug resistance and socio-demographic characteristics of PTB patients, a cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary-care hospitals in Kolkata between April 2010 and March 2013. Altogether, 350 consenting Mycobacterium tuberculosis sputum-culture positive PTB patients were interviewed about their socio-demographic background, evaluated regarding their X-ray findings (minimal/moderately advanced/far advanced/cavities), sputum-smear positivity, and treatment history/outcomes (new/defaulter/relapse/treatment-failure cases). Multiple-allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (MAS-PCR) was conducted to diagnose drug resistance.Results
Among all participants, 31.43% were newly diagnosed, while 44%, 15.43% and 9.14% patients fell into the categories of relapsed, defaulters and treatment-failures, respectively. 12.29% were multi-drug-resistant (MDR: resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin), 57.71% had non-MDR two-drug resistance and 12% had single-drug resistance. Subjects with higher BMI had lower odds of being a relapse/defaulter/treatment failure case while females were more likely to be defaulters and older age-groups had more relapse. Elderly, females, unmarried, those with low BMI and higher grade of sputum-smear positivity were more likely to have advanced X-ray features. Higher grade of sputum-smear positivity and advanced chest X-ray findings were associated with relapse/treatment-failures. Elderly, unmarried, relapse/defaulter/treatment-failure cases had higher odds and those with higher BMI and moderately/far advanced X-ray findings had lower odds of having MDR/non-MDR two-drug resistant PTB.Conclusion
Targeted intervention and appropriate counseling are needed urgently to prevent adverse treatment outcomes and development of drug resistance among PTB patients in Kolkata. 相似文献8.
目的 分析华东某省三级公立医院薪酬结构和薪酬水平并提出合理化建议,为公立医院薪酬制度改革和补偿机制改革提供决策依据。方法 以某省58家三级公立医院为研究对象,运用描述性分析、t检验和方差分析等方法,对薪酬结构和薪酬水平进行统计分析。结果 财政补助收入仅占总收入的4%;薪酬支出占总支出的26.6%,无地域差异;医务员工年人均收入9.47万元,存在地域差异;医务员工薪酬水平是非私营单位在岗职工的1.76倍。结论 政府应加大对公立医院的财政补助力度,放宽对医疗行业薪酬总量管控,提升医务员工薪酬水平和社会薪酬地位;公立医院迫切需要建立一套科学、合理的薪酬分配体系。 相似文献
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目的 了解当前天津市三甲综合医院门诊患者就诊需求以及对服务的满意度,为天津市医院门诊管理提出可行性参考建议。方法 采用自行设计调查问卷对天津市5所三甲综合医院1 000名门诊患者进行问卷调查。利用SPSS11.5软件包分析处理数据。结果 调查共发放1 000份问卷,有效问卷995份,问卷回收率为99.5%。患者总体满意度较高,其中医生服务态度和门诊环境卫生满意度得分最高,就诊时间和医疗费用的满意度最低。结论 医院管理者应提高医疗服务质量,增强医疗费用合理度,优化就诊流程,完善硬件设施。 相似文献
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目的 采用高绩效工作体系调查表评估青岛市2家三级医院人力资源管理实践,分析员工作满意度之间的关系。方法 运用HPWS相关员工职业体验调查问卷收集2家医院员工职业体验相关统计数据。结果 样本医院团队合作与回报得分最高,在就业安全感、授权、组织承诺、自主性、员工间关系、信任、平等等方面得分较高;晋升、情绪完好状态和绩效管理等方面得分较低;团队合作、授权、信息支持与员工工作满意度和员工感受的病人服务正相关。结论 我国医院管理实践中包含了大量HPWS的内容,HPWS与员工工作满意度呈正向关系,因此也适用于我国。 相似文献
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目的 了解上海市二、三级医院肿瘤化学药物治疗(以下简称“化疗”)质量情况,完善肿瘤化疗质量控制体系。方法 依据上海市肿瘤化疗质控中心督查方案,对全市103家从事肿瘤化疗的二、三级医院开展了2015年肿瘤化疗质量现场核查,采用SPSS 13.0进行数据汇总和分析。结果 上海市二、三级医院之间,肿瘤专业科室和非专业科室之间,肿瘤化疗病案的质量存在显著的不平衡,主要问题包括知情同意书内容不完整(33.04%),病理诊断不齐全或缺失(15.50%),肿瘤分期不规范或未分期(56.27%),化疗目的(42.44%)、化疗适应证(37.47%)和禁忌证(12.21%)不齐全或缺失,化疗疗效评价记录不全或未评价(24.10%),中期评估记录不全或未评价(27.72%),入院病史(16.28%)及化疗当日记录(32.04%)不完整或缺失等。结论 上海市医院肿瘤化疗病案的质量与医院的级别和是否为专科显著相关。各医院应该针对自身存在的问题,加强对化疗质量控制标准的学习。 相似文献
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目的 分析湖南省13家地市级三级综合医院的运行效率及变动状况,为医院提高效率和生产率提供决策依据。方法 收集湖南省13家地市级三级综合医院2013—2014年的投入产出指标,选取适宜指标构建DEA效率评价模型,利用BC2模型和超效率模型计算样本医院各年度运行效率及排序,再利用Malmquist指数分析跨期效率变动情况。结果 2013年4家样本医院技术效率有效,9家无效,4家处于规模报酬固定阶段,1家处于规模报酬递增阶段,8家处于规模报酬递减阶段;2014年5家样本医院技术效率有效,8家无效,6家处于规模报酬固定阶段,7家处于规模报酬递减阶段。2013—2014年12家样本医院生产率有所改善,仅1家有所下降。结论 样本医院规模效率普遍高于技术效率,不同医院的纯技术效率存在较大差异,由外延式规模发展转为内涵式精益发展是地市级公立医院的必然选择。 相似文献
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了解全国三级甲等医院现有网站的建设与使用情况以及全国各地区在医院网站建设方面的差距,并且指出在网站建设方面的存在的不足。方法 通过采用人工调研方式对全国653家三级甲等医院的网站建设情况进行调查,并使用比较研究法对调查数据进行分析。结果 在网站建设功能中“检索功能”完善情况较差,建设比例达12.6%;受众对于“交互功能”建设指标中“预约挂号”“医疗咨询”的需求较高,但全国三甲医院网站中分别只有73.6%和57.7%的医院设立了以上两个功能。结论 为了更好地与患者有效沟通,医院“交互功能”应得到进一步的重视和完善。 相似文献
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目的:探讨与分析近3年新疆地区三级医院多重耐药菌感染及耐药性。方法:选择2016年1月-2018年12月在新疆地区三级医院进行住院诊治的患者1100例作为研究对象,调查与检测多重耐药菌感染及耐药情况,分析导致多重耐药菌感染的危险影响因素。结果:在1100例患者中,判断为多重耐药菌感染20例,感染率为1.8%,且呈现显著升高的趋势(P0.05)。这20例患者中检出病原菌20株,其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌10株、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌6株、耐万古霉素肠球菌4株。甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌、耐万古霉素肠球菌对呋喃妥因、亚胺培南、哌拉西林有比较高的敏感性,对庆大霉素、氨苄西林、头孢他啶、左氧氟沙星的敏感性比较低。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示除年龄外,外置导管天数、住院时间、糖尿病、使用抗生素种类2种、合并慢性肺部疾病、合并心血管疾病、动静脉置管、使用呼吸机为导致住院患者多重耐药菌感染的危险影响因素(P0.05)。结论:2016年至2018年新疆地区三级医院多重耐药菌感染逐年增加,以甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌为主。外置导管天数、住院时间、糖尿病、使用抗生素种类2种、合并慢性肺部疾病、合并心血管疾病、动静脉置管、使用呼吸机为导致住院患者多重耐药菌感染的危险因素,在临床治疗中,应根据患者自身的情况,有效减少接触性感染、控制感染的因素,同时根据药敏试验结果合理选择抗生素的种类和剂量,以阻止院内多重耐药菌的散播。 相似文献
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对三级医院医疗质量管理现状进行调查,结果发现:调研医院的职工质量管理观念较为淡薄,管理者未能采用行之有效的现代管理方法进行质量管理;医疗服务流程存在较大缺陷,缺乏完善的质量管理制度、标准及医疗质量的系统评价体系;提出三级医院应以患者为中心,按照患者需求实施流程管理,并通过完善的制度和评价体系,提高医院的整体管理水平。 相似文献