脾切断流术对肝硬化门静脉高压症患者肝功能的影响

目的:观察脾切断流术对肝硬化门静脉高压症患者肝功能的影响.方法:回顾性分析2010年4月-2011年12月在我科住院的肝硬化门静脉高压症患者行脾切除术前后肝功能的变化.应用超声多普勒分别检测手术前后门静脉血流量(portal venous flow,PVF)、肝动脉血流量(hepatic arterial flow,HAF),术中采用水柱法测量自由门静脉压力(free portal pressure,FPP).结果:肝硬化门静脉高压症患者共480例,行脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术450例,单纯脾切除30例.PVF由术前的(1368± 402) ml/min减少至术后的(986±295)ml/min(P＜0.01);HAF由术前的(412± 68)ml/min增加至术后的(526±132)ml/min(P＜0.01);FPP由术前的(30±6)cm H2O降至术后的(26±5)cm H2O(P＜0.01).R15 ICG由术前的(18±8)％降至术后的(16±7)％(P＞0.05).肝功能Child分级A级患者比例由术前的85％增加至术后的95％(P＜0.01).其他肝功能指标如TBIL素、凝血酶原延长时间及腹水消失率都明显好转.结论:脾切断流术后PVF虽然减少,但是HAF增加及术后门体分流减少均有利于肝功能的恢复.     

Soluble TNF-Alpha-Receptors I Are Prognostic Markers in TIPS-Treated Patients with Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension

Background

TNFα levels are increased in liver cirrhosis even in the absence of infection, most likely owing to a continuous endotoxin influx into the portal blood. Soluble TNFα receptors (sTNFR type I and II) reflect release of the short-lived TNFα, because they are cleaved from the cells after binding of TNFα. The aims were to investigate the circulating levels of soluble TNFR-I and -II in cirrhotic patients receiving TIPS.

Methods

Forty-nine patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (12 viral, 37 alcoholic) received TIPS for prevention of re-bleeding (n = 14), therapy-refractory ascites (n = 20), or both (n = 15). Portal and hepatic venous blood was drawn in these patients during the TIPS procedure and during the control catheterization two weeks later. sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II were measured by ELISA, correlated to clinical and biochemical characteristics.

Results

Before TIPS insertion, sTNFR-II levels were lower in portal venous blood than in the hepatic venous blood, as well as in portal venous blood after TIPS insertion. No significant differences were measured in sTNFR-I levels. Hepatic venous levels of sTNFR-I above 4.5 ng/mL (p = 0.036) and sTNFR-II above 7 ng/mL (p = 0.05) after TIPS insertion were associated with decreased survival. A multivariate Cox-regression survival analysis identified the hepatic venous levels of sTNFR-I (p = 0.004) two weeks after TIPS, and Child score (p = 0.002) as independent predictors of mortality, while MELD-score was not.

Conclusion

Hepatic venous levels of sTNFR-I after TIPS insertion may predict mortality in patients with severe portal hypertension.     

丹红注射液对肝硬化的肝功能、肝纤维化指标、血流变的影响

目的:观察丹红注射液对肝硬化病人在保护肝细胞、肝纤维化及血流变的影响。方法:治疗组40例,在对照组基础上予丹红注射液40ml加入250ml葡萄糖注射液中稀释后缓慢滴注,每天一次;对照组38例,以甘利欣、Vitc、肌苷静脉滴注,每天一次,同时口服水飞蓟素,两组疗程均为4周。结果:治疗组与对照组比较,总有效率有显著差异(P0.05);胆红素和转氨酶复常方面,治疗组亦优于对照级,有显著差异(P0.05);两组治疗前后肝纤维化指标检测结果,治疗组与对照组治疗后比较有显著差异(P0.05);两组治疗前后血流变检测结果,治疗组与对照组治疗后比较部分项目有显著差异(P0.05、P0.01)。结论:丹红注射液对肝功能、肝纤维化及部分血流变项目有改善。     

思连康对肝硬化血浆内毒素影响的研究

目的:探讨益生菌制剂思连康治疗肝硬化内毒素血症的作用机制。方法:采用大鼠肝硬化模型,其中治疗组予以思连康液灌胃治疗,共8周,检测治疗组及对照组血浆内毒素指标;并选取70例肝硬化ChildPugh分级为B级的患者,其中治疗组口服思连康(每次两粒,每日三次)3周,观察治疗前后血浆内毒素变化。结果:思连康治疗组的肝硬化大鼠及患者血浆内毒素均明显低于对照组(p<0.05)。结论:思连康能明显降低肝硬化患者血浆内毒素水平,可作为肝硬化患者的辅助用药。     

思连康对肝硬化血浆内毒素影响的研究

目的：探讨益生菌制剂思连康治疗肝硬化内毒素血症的作用机制.方法：采用大鼠肝硬化模型,其中治疗组予以思连康液灌胃治疗,共8周,检测治疗组及对照组血浆内毒素指标;并选取70例肝硬化ChildPugh分级为B级的患者,其中治疗组口服思连康（每次两粒,每日三次）3周,观察治疗前后血浆内毒素变化.结果：思连康治疗组的肝硬化大鼠及患者血浆内毒素均明显低于对照组（p〈0.05）.结论：思连康能明显降低肝硬化患者血浆内毒素水平,可作为肝硬化患者的辅助用药.     

脾切除术对肝炎后肝硬化患者肝癌发生的影响

目的:观察脾切断流术对肝硬化门静脉高压症患者肝功的影响.方法:回顾分析2010.4-2011.12在我科住院的肝硬化门静脉高压症患者行脾切除术前后肝功能的变化.应用超声多普勒分别检测手术前后门静脉血流量(PVF)、肝动脉血流量(HAF),术中水柱法测量自由门静脉压力(FPP);回顾分析(通过对病历查阅获取)上述患者Child分级指标以及肝功能指标.用SAS 8.0对获取的指标采用配对资料t检验和卡方检验.结果:肝硬化门静脉高压症患者共480例,行脾脏切除加贲门周围血管离断术450例,单纯脾切除30例.PVF由术前的(1368± 402)ml/min减少至术后的(986± 295)ml/min(P＜0.01);HAF由术前的(412± 68)ml/min增加至术后的(526± 132)ml/min(P＜0.01);FPP由术前的(30± 6)cm H2O降至术后的(26± 5)cm H2O(P＜0.01).R15 ICG由术前的(18±8)％降至术后的(16±7)％(P＞0.05).肝功能Child分级A级患者比率由术前85％增加至术后95％(P＜0.01).其它肝脏功能指标如总胆红素、凝血酶原延长时间以及腹水消失率都明显好转.结论:脾切断流术后门静脉血流量虽然减少,但是肝动脉血流量增加及术后门体分流减少均有利于肝功能恢复.     

肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者治疗中限制输血量对疗效的影响

目的：研究限制输血输液量在肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者治疗中的疗效。方法：将98例患者随机分为两组。治疗组（55例）采用限制输血输液量方法进行治疗,同时进行其它常规止血治疗。对照组（43例）采用相对无限制大量输血输液方法治疗,余治疗方法同治疗组。分别观察两组患者24h、48h、72h内出血停止情况和总有效率。结果：治疗组患者24h、48h、72h内出血停止例数和总有效率明显高于对照组患者。P〈0．01。结论：限制输血输液量在治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血中的止血率高,其作用明显优于相对无限制输血输液量对其治疗的疗效。     

脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术对肝硬化门静脉高压患者肝脏血流动力学的影响及其术后门静脉血栓形成的因素分析

目的:探讨脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术对肝硬化门静脉高压患者肝脏血流动力学的影响,并分析患者术后门静脉血栓形成的危险因素。方法:选择2016年1月-2017年12月在我院进行脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术的96例肝硬化门静脉高压患者,于术前、术后1d、3d、7d采用彩色多普勒超声对患者的肝脏血流动力学指标进行动态监测。统计术后7d内患者门静脉血栓的发生率,并将患者分为血栓组(n=28)和无血栓组(n=68),对两组患者的一般资料、手术指标、彩色多普勒超声监测指标等进行单因素分析,并采用Logistic多因素回归分析门静脉血栓形成的危险因素。结果:患者在术前、术后1d、3d、7d时的门静脉内径、最大流速、血流量呈逐渐降低的趋势,肝动脉内径、最大流速、血流量呈逐渐升高的趋势,且各时间点间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后7d内有28例患者出现门静脉血栓,发生率为29.17%。血栓组和无血栓组患者在性别、年龄、体质量指数、手术时间、术前门静脉流速比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血栓组患者Child-Pugh分级为B级比例、术中出血量、脾质量、腹水量、术前门静脉内径均高于无血栓组,术后门静脉内径、术后门静脉流速均低于无血栓组(P0.05)。经Logistic多因素回归分析显示,患者术后门静脉内径、术后门静脉流速是门静脉血栓形成的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:行脾切除及贲门周围血管离断术的肝硬化门静脉高压患者术后进行肝脏血流动力学监测,有助于患者术后的疗效判断,且术后门静脉内径、术后门静脉流速是门静脉血栓形成的危险因素。     

内镜下穿孔修补术对肝硬化合并消化道穿孔的疗效分析

目的:研究内镜下穿孔修补术对肝硬化合并消化道穿孔的临床疗效。方法:选择2010年1月~2015年12月在我院进行诊治的肝硬化合并消化道穿孔患者82例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各41例。观察组给予内镜下穿孔修补术治疗,对照组给予传统的手术切除治疗。观察两组的术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院时间和术后下床活动时间等围手术期指标;检测两组手术前和手术后的谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和γ-谷氨酰转移酶等肝功能指标;观察两组的并发症发生情况和生存情况。结果:观察组的术后出血量明显少于对照组(P0.05),术后住院时间和术后下床活动时间明显短于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后的肝功能指标AST、ALT、γ-GT水平均比治疗前明显降低(P0.05),且观察组治疗后肝功能水平的下降幅度比对照组更为明显(P0.05);观察组的并发症发生率为4.88%(2/41),明显低于对照组的26.83%(11/41)(P0.05);观察组的平均生存时间和1年生存率均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:内镜下穿孔修补术对肝硬化合并消化道穿孔患者手术创伤小,可促进肝功能的恢复,且术后并发症少,从而可改善患者的远期生存情况。     

Severe Portal Hypertension in Cirrhosis: Evaluation of Perfusion Parameters with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography

Objective

To investigate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) in the diagnosis of severe portal hypertension (PH) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC).

Methods

Patients with PH scheduled to receive hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement were recruited for this study. Hepatic DUS and CEUS were performed successively. Several Doppler and CEUS parameters were explored for correlation with HVPG values and their association with severe PH (≥ 12 mmHg of HVPG). Comparison of the parameters between the severe and non-severe PH groups and their correlation with HVPG values was evaluated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed to investigate the performance in order to diagnose severe PH.

Results

Fifty-three consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 43 patients did not have significant ascites. Compared with the non-severe PH group, portal venous velocity and intrahepatic transit time (ITT) were significantly reduced in the severe PH group (all p<0.05). Difference between inspiratory and expiratory hepatic venous damping indices (ΔHVDI), hepatic venous arrival time (HVAT) and ITT moderately correlated with HVPG (r = -0.358, -0.338, and -0.613, respectively). Areas under the curves for severe PH were 0.94 of ITT and 0.72 of HVAT, respectively (all p<0.05). ITT under 6 seconds indicated severe PH with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 89%.

Conclusions

Hepatic CEUS may be more useful in estimating the HVPG value and determining the presence of severe PH compared to DUS, and ITT was the most accurate parameter to diagnose severe PH.     

肝硬化患者糖代谢异常的研究

目的:探讨肝硬化失代偿期门脉高压患者糖代谢异常的病因和机制.方法:选取40例肝硬化失代偿期门脉高压患者为肝病组,30例正常人为对照组,测定其空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、空腹胰岛素、空腹C肽;比较2组检查结果的区别.结果:肝病组存在糖耐量异常,肝硬化Child分级比较,随病情加重,糖代谢紊乱加重.结论:肝硬化失代偿期门脉高压患者存在着糖代谢异常,可能是由于肝功能损害、胰岛素抵抗所致.     

心得安预防门脉高压引起初次消化道出血的疗效观察

目的:观察心得安预防门脉高压症消化道出血的疗效、不良反应及临床应用的注意事项。方法选择本院102例肝硬化食道胃底静脉曲张患者,随机分为心得安组(52例)和安慰剂组(25例)。对出血发作的病情、持续的时间、输血量的多少、对止血药物的反应、生存期以及副反应进行观察。结果随访12个月,治疗组出血发生率为19.2%,安慰剂组为28%,两组差异无显著意义。随访20个月,治疗组出血发生率28.8%,安慰剂组48%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),但生存时间无显著差异。结论心得安对预防门脉高压症消化道初次出血有明显疗效,但不能延长肝硬化病人的生存期。     

复方氨基酸对肝硬化患者肝功能及AFP、CA199和CEA水平的影响

目的:探讨复方氨基酸对肝硬化患者肝功能以及甲胎蛋白(Alpha fetal protein,AFP)、糖类抗原19-9(Carbohydrate antigen19-9,CA199)、癌胚抗原(Cancer embryo antigen,CEA)水平影响。方法:选取我院消化科收治的肝硬化患者98例,根据治疗方法的不同分为两组。对照组予以常规保肝治疗,实验组在对照组的基础上予以复方氨基酸注射液治疗。比较两组患者治疗1周及2周后的肝功能以及AFP、CA199及CEA水平的变化情况。结果:与对照组比较,实验组的临床疗效较高(87.04%Vs 72.22%),(P0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗一周后实验组ALT水平较低(195.37±13.42 U/L Vs 154.72±13.44 U/L)、AST水平较低(323.41±21.33 U/L Vs 233.55±21.63 U/L),TB水平较低(125.36±4.26 U/L Vs 108.16±6.45 U/L)(P0.05),治疗两周后,实验组ALT水平较低(124.28±15.84 U/L Vs 78.53±12.55U/L)、AST水平较低(147.15±13.56 U/L Vs 83.42±20.88 U/L),TB水平较低(92.82±9.64 U/L Vs 56.32±7.43)(P0.05)。结论:复方氨基酸能够影响肝硬化患者肝功能,改善患者的临床症状,提高临床疗效。     

肝硬化门静脉高压患者TIPS术后门静脉分支远端血栓形成相关因素及其对预后的影响

摘要 目的：探究肝硬化门静脉高压患者经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术（TIPS）后门静脉分支远端血栓形成影响因素及其对预后的影响。方法：选取南方医科大学南方医院2021年1月~2023年1月行TIPS的300例肝硬化门静脉高压患者,根据术后6个月内门静脉分支远端血栓形成发生与否分为血栓组与非血栓组。对比两组临床资料,多因素Logistic回归分析TIPS术后门静脉分支远端血栓形成的相关因素。对比两组术后6个月预后情况。结果：术后门静脉分支远端血栓形成发生率10.67%（32/300）。血栓组年龄、术前3 d内血浆D-二聚体（D-D）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平、门静脉主干直径、门脉左支直径、Child-Pugh分级A级比例、门静脉流速与非血栓组对比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高龄、LDL水平升高、门脉左支直径增大是TIPS术后门静脉分支远端血栓形成的危险因素,Child-Pugh分级为A级为保护因素（P＜0.05）。血栓组TIPS术后6个月TIPS支架通畅率、肝性脑病、肝功能损伤及死亡发生率与非血栓组对比无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：肝硬化门静脉高压TIPS术后门静脉分支远端血栓形成与年龄、术前LDL、Child-Pugh分级、门脉左支直径相关,但对患者术后6个月TIPS支架通畅率、肝性脑病、肝功能损伤及死亡发生率没有影响。     

门静脉高压脾功能亢进对大鼠肝癌发生率的影响

目的:通过对门静脉高压脾功能亢进大鼠药物诱导肝癌过程中进行脾脏切除,探讨门静脉高压脾功能亢进对大鼠肝癌发生率的影响。方法:将雌雄SD大鼠性别内分别分为对照组、脾亢组、脾亢切脾组,脾功能亢进大鼠模型采用门静脉缩窄术联合脾静脉结扎术进行制备,各组均予以DEN(二乙基亚硝胺)腹腔注射,按体重20mg/kg给药,每周3次,12周停药,14周处死。其中,脾亢脾切除组于给药第四周进行脾切除术,手术恢复期间持续给药。观察各组实验动物的肝脏大体变化及病理改变,计算成瘤率。结果:实际成瘤率显示脾亢组较对照组明显升高,而雄性脾亢切脾组的成瘤率较脾亢组有所降低。雌性脾亢切脾组成瘤率同脾亢组差异不明显。结论:门静脉高压脾功能亢进状态下进行脾切除,对于雄性能减低肝癌发生的风险,对于雌性的意义不大,给临床实际工作提供了新的思路。     

Hepatic Arterial Vasodilation Is Independent of Portal Hypertension in Early Stages of Cirrhosis

Introduction

The compensatory increase in hepatic arterial flow with a decrease in portal venous flow is known as the hepatic arterial buffer response. In cirrhosis with elevated portal pressure, the vascular resistance of the hepatic artery is decreased. Whether this lower resistance of the hepatic artery is a consequence of portal hypertension or not remains unknown.

Study Aim

The aim of the study was to investigate the hepatic arterial resistance and response to vasoconstriction in cirrhosis without portal hypertension (normal portal resistance).

Methods

Cirrhosis was induced by CCl₄-inhalation for 8 weeks (8W, normal portal resistance) and for 12–14 weeks (12W, elevated portal resistance). Bivascular liver perfusion was performed at 8W or 12W and dose response curves of methoxamine were obtained in the presence or absence of LNMMA (nitric oxide synthase blocker). Vascular resistances of the hepatic artery (HAR), portal vein (PVR) and sinusoids (SVR) were measured. Western Blot (WB) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were done to measure eNOS and HIF 1a expression.

Results

HAR in both groups of cirrhotic animals (8W and 12W) were lower compared to controls. Dose response curves to methoxamine revealed lower HAR in both cirrhotic models (8W and 12W) regardless the magnitude of portal resistance. LNMMA corrected the dose response curves in cirrhosis (8W and 12W) to control. WB and IHC show increased protein expression of eNOS and HIF1a in 8W and 12W.

Conclusion

Hepatic arterial resistance is decreased in cirrhosis independent of portal resistance. Vasodilation of the hepatic artery in cirrhosis seems to be influenced by hypoxia rather than increase in portal resistance. Nitric oxide is the main vasodilator.     

酒精性肝硬化患者不适当住院日影响因素分析

?????? 目的 测算酒精性肝硬化理论住院日,探究其影响因素,为制定临床路径提供依据。方法 收集418位患者资料,用住院日适当性评价方案对患者9 694个住院日进行逐一分析,测算酒精性肝硬化的理论住院日,然后用SPSS 20.0对不适当住院日进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 16.6%的住院日是不恰当的,等待检查报告和等待手术导致的不适当住院日占76.09%;术前等待日和肝功能Child-Pugh分级是影响不适当住院日的两大因素。结论 不适当住院日处于中间水平,应加强各科室之间的沟通协调,在医技科室和网络上加强管理是关键。