盖膜期间沙糖橘果实品质变化规律的研究

在果实成熟的1~3月,采样分析盖膜和不盖膜沙糖橘果实品质。结果表明:树冠盖膜后沙糖橘果皮色泽一直保持橘红色,而不盖膜的果皮色泽由前期的橘红色转为后期的橘黄色,且色泽暗淡;盖膜处理果实的酸含量在开始的20d内呈上升趋势,1月28日出现最高值0.31%,此后的10d内迅速下降至低于对照的水平,2月7日出现最低值,此后的20d内上升高于对照,之后又下降至3月15日的0.19%;对照果实的酸含量呈现明显的下降趋势,1月7日出现最高值为0.26%,3月15日出现最低值为0.08%,盖膜处理果实的酸含量在大多数时间内高于对照;盖膜处理果实的可溶性固形物含量从1月17日的12.33%提高到3月15日的13.40%,提高了1.07个百分点,总体呈上升趋势,而对照的从1月17日的10.70%下降至3月15日的9.90%,下降了0.80个百分点,总体呈下降趋势。     

β-葡萄糖苷酶在酿酒酵母表面的表达

应用表面表达技术对来自Trichodermareesei的β-葡萄糖苷酶在酿酒酵母表面的表达及后期性质进行了研究。实验结果表明酵母表面表达酶有活性,该酶的最佳诱导时间为24h,最适温度是70℃,而酶活的最适pH是5．5。使异源表面表达了Bgl1的酵母在以纤维二糖为唯一碳源的培养基中生长,发酵结果表明纤维二糖被明显利用了,但在培养186h后,发酵液中仍残留一定量的纤维二糖。这种技术对纤维素发酵系统中纤维二糖酶活性低的现状有所帮助。     

Action of two alkaline proteases and a trypsin inhibitor from white croaker skeletal muscle (Micropogon opercularis) in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins

The action of two alkaline proteases from white skeletal muscle on myofibrillar proteins is shown. Purified myosin was readily degraded by both proteases, but only protease I was able to degrade myosin heavy chain from actomyosin. The effect of inhibitor on both proteases was also studied. The activity of protease II on azocasein was not affected, while the action of protease I on both azocasein and myosin was inhibited. The implication of proteases and inhibitor on the turnover of myofibrillar proteins is considered.     

温度对赤拟谷盗爬行和起飞活动的影响

在不同温度下研究了赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)在固体物面、设定粮面、温度均匀的粮(小麦)柱和具有温度梯度粮柱内爬行扩散速度、起飞温度等.主要结果为:赤拟谷盗在17℃开始有爬行为,25℃开始有飞行行为,在15～25℃时水平爬行速度和15 ～ 20℃时竖直运动速度与温度呈显著正相关,在无障...     

番茄叶片理化性质差异与抗番茄刺皮瘿螨性

对3个不同类型番茄品系理化性状与番茄刺皮瘿螨Aculops lycopersici(Massee)的关系进行研究。结果表明,番茄刺皮瘿螨在多茸毛性状品系YZ618上种群数量最低,显著低于少茸毛性状品系YZ504和常规品系YZ413。螨在3品系植株分布不同,抗螨品系YZ618上部螨量几乎灭绝,感螨品系YZ504上部螨量显著多于中下部,常规品系YZ413上中部螨量多于下部。3品系叶组织内多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO),过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD),抗坏血酸过氧化酶(ascorbate peroxidase,ASP)的活性受该螨为害后均提高,但抗螨品系YZ618反应更灵敏。相关分析表明,PPO是螨害诱导产生的抗螨生化因子,ASP是植物本身具有的抗螨生化因子,POD与抗螨性的关系不大。     

四川2种丛生竹木质素和纤维含量的研究

以四川4个地区2种丛生竹(慈竹和硬头黄)为研究对象,对其木质素和综纤维含量进行研究.结果表明,不同地区竹种间综纤维素含量差异显著;除青神地区外,其它几个地区木质素含量差异不大.纬度对木质素积累的作用因竹种而异,对慈竹木质素含量的作用呈极明显的正效应,对硬头黄的作用则呈不明显的正效应,对综纤维含量的影响不大.竹龄影响木质素和综纤维素含量的积累,对慈竹木质素和综纤维的积累呈显著的正效应,但对硬头黄的作用却不明显.研究认为,青神、长宁和绵阳地区的硬头黄以及长宁地区的慈竹是造纸的较好原料.     

藏红花瓣状体的诱导与花柱-柱头状物的定向分化

藏红花 (ＣｒｏｃｕｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ .)又名番红花、西红花 ;藏药中称为苟日苟木。它是鸢尾科草本植物 ,原产于欧洲、地中海地区。我国长期以来把它作为珍贵的中藏药。其药用部位是柱头 ,有效成分主要是藏红花素、藏红花酸、藏红花醛和藏红花苦素。丁葆祖等于 1979年首次从藏红花的球茎获得完整的植株[1 ] 。Ｓａｎｏ等人 1987年在离体条件下 ,诱导花柱 柱头状物再生获得成功[2 ] ,此后国内外不断有相关报道[3～ 7] 。但试验大多集中在由外植体直接或由愈伤组织间接诱导柱头状物 ,且花柱 柱头状物的频率低和数量少。我们试图先由藏红花…     

杏鲍菇最佳培养基的筛选

研究了不同的母种、原种和栽培种培养基对杏鲍菇菌丝生长、子实体产量及生物学效率的影响。结果表明,杏鲍菇在不同配方的培养基上菌丝的生长存在明显差异,其中菌丝生长速度最快、最健壮的母种培养基为PDYA培养基;菌丝生长速度最快、子实体产量最高、生物学效率达91.7%的原种及栽培种培养基为配方2。原种及栽培种培养基的含水率为60%时,菌丝生长快而健壮,在生产上最适宜采用。     

Purification and some properties of trehalase from Chaetomium aureum MS-27

The trehalase of Chaetomium aureum was purified about 196-fold with a yield of 51% from the culture filtrate by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, acetone fractionation, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The enzyme preparation was homogeneous on disc electrophoresis. The enzyme was most active at pH 4.0 and 50°C. The enzyme was stable from pH 4.0 to 9.0 on 12 h incubation at 37°C. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 450,000 by gel filtration on a column of Sepharose 6B, and 115,000 by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This indicated that the enzyme might consist of 4 subunits. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was pH 4.0. The enzyme was active specifically on trehalose and not active on the other disaccharides tested.     

Purification and properties of sulfoacetaldehyde sulfo-lyase, a thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme forming sulfite and acetate.

Sulfoacetaldehyde sulfo-lyase, which decomposes sulfoacetaldehyde to sulfite and acetate, was extracted from a bacterium grown on taurine, and purified, and characterized. A method for assay of enzyme activity was devised on formation of a bisulfite adduct with benzaldehyde. The enzyme was purified 14-fold from an extract of cells grown on taurine and appeared homogeneous on disc-electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 85,000 by gel filtration. The enzyme required thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and Mg2+ for activity and preincubation with TPP and Mg2+ was required for maximum activity. The optimum pH for activity was 7.5. The Km value for TPP was determined to be 2.7 muM and that for sulfoacetaldehyde to be 5.0mM. Sulfite was produced only from sulfoacetaldehyde among a variety of sulfonates tested. rho-Chloromercuribenzoate, EDTA, and sulfite, a reaction product, inhibited the enzyme reaction. The enzyme seemed to be inducible, since activity was found in extracts of cells grown on taurine but not on peptone.     

Immunization of rabbits with faecal extract of Pediculus humanus, the human body louse: effects on louse development and reproduction

Abstract Immunization of rabbits with a faecal extract of the human body louse (Pediculus humanus) induced a high titre of specific IgG. The mean weight of Wood taken by females fed on the immunized rabbits was significantly lower (29%) than taken by females fed on the control rabbits. The mean number of eggs per female fed on the immunized rabbits was significantly lower than for females fed on the control rabbits. The hatchability of the eggs laid by lice fed on immunized rabbits (91%) was significantly lower than of those fed on control rabbits (94%). The rate of development of nymphs fed on control rabbits was significantly higher than those fed on the immunized rabbits. There was no difference in survival rates of lice fed on immunized and control rabbits.     

西花蓟马取食不同豆科蔬菜的实验种群生命表

西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是传入我国的重要入侵害虫,在贵阳地区对豆科蔬菜为害十分严重。在25℃条件下,组建了西花蓟马取食大豆叶片、豇豆叶片、四季豆叶片和四季豆豆荚时的实验种群生命表。结果表明:西花蓟马未成熟期取食四季豆豆荚时存活率最高,取食其它3种豆科蔬菜时存活率相差不大。西花蓟马取食四季豆豆荚时内禀增长力最高为0.1626,取食豇豆叶片时最低为0.0834,净增值率也是取食四季豆豆荚时最高,取食大豆叶片时最低,表明四季豆豆荚最有利于西花蓟马的生长发育和繁殖。在不同豆科蔬菜上的稳定年龄组配中未成熟期所占的比例很大,而成虫期所占的比例相对较小。     

Cloning the gene of beta-galactosidase from the industrial strain of Streptococcus lactis 111 in E. coli cells and conjugated transfer of this gene to Streptococcus thermophilus cells

The ability of the industrial strains of Streptococcus lactis to synthesize the enzyme beta-galactosidase was studied. Five strains among sixteen were found to produce high levels of the enzyme. The beta-galactosidase gene in the most active strain Streptococcus lactis 111 was shown to be located on the 50 kb conjugative plasmid. The plasmid was transferred by conjugation into Streptococcus thermophilus cells and subsequently the gene for beta-galactosidase was studied in transconjugants. The beta-galactosidase gene from Streptococcus lactis 111 was subcloned in Escherichia coli cells on the plasmid pBR322. The gene was localized on the 4.8 kb BgIII fragment of DNA. Following the restriction of DNA by the Sau3A the gene was subcloned on the birepliconed plasmid vector pCB20 capable of replication in the Gram-negative as well as Gram-positive microorganisms. The recombinant derivatives of pCB20 were isolated that carry the beta-galactosidase gene on the DNA fragments of different size.     

Growth and Cellulase Formation by Cellvibrio fulvus

S ummary : The aerobic cellulolytic bacterium Cellvibrio fulvus grew on several sugars and polysaccharides, but not on highly substituted cellulose derivatives, organic acids and alcohols. Whereas no growth was obtained on long cotton fibres, it occurred on such fibres cut into small pieces, and on filter paper and chromatography powders derived from cotton. Lignin free wood pulp was rapidly degraded. The organism grew best at pH 7–8 and utilized nitrate, ammonium and some amino acids as nitrogen sources. The bacteria have cell-bound cellulase but enzyme was also found in the culture medium. Glucose repressed cellulase formation and the enzyme activity of cultures grown on cellulose was much higher than on sugars. Reducing sugar was not detected in cellulose cultures. The pH optimum for hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was 7 and the enzyme was inhibited by mercuric acetate but not by p -chloromercuribenzoate or EDTA. Fractionation of cellulase preparations from cultures grown on partially hydrolysed filter paper gave many components of different molecular weights. The activities of these components against carboxymethylcellulose and microcrystalline cellulose differed.     

Development of a purification procedure for the placental protein 14 involving metal-chelate affinity chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography

Placental protein 14 was isolated from the biological material of patients undergoing legal abortions. The major part of ballast protein was removed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and CM-Sepharose. Albumin was separated by chromatography on Blue-Sepharose. Complete purification was obtained by metal-chelate affinity chromatography on Nickel-Chelate Sepharose and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose and Octyl-Sepharose. The protein was not exposed to denaturing agents or extreme pH.     

BT基因棉与常规棉主要害虫及天敌生态位的比较研究

本研究了BT基因棉与常规棉主要害虫及天敌的生态位。结果表明：主要害虫及天敌的种类一致,但棉铃虫幼虫的数量差异显;33B棉田各昆虫种群的生态位宽度指数偏高;棉铃虫、棉蚜对主要天敌的生态位重叠指数偏高。应用生态位概念分析了造成区别的原因。     

Biological effects of phytoecdysteroids and chronic low-dose irradiation

The influence of serpistene in dose of 5 and 50 mg/kg on chronic low-dose gamma-irradiation (22.6 cGy) effects on cytogenetic (abnormal sperm cell, marrow bone micronucleus) and function and morphology (thyroid and adrenal glands) parameters of mice was estimated. The serpistene modifies effects of gamma-irradiation depends on the administration regime and a dose of the substance. The most expressive radioprotective effect on endocrine organs after serpistene prophylactic administration was found. The prophylactic dose was 5 mg/kg for adrenal gland and both doses--for thyroid gland. The most expressive radioprotective effect on marrow bone cells after serpistene therapeutic administration in a dose of 5 mg/kg was found. The most expressive antimutagenic effect on somatic and germinal cells of prophylactic and therapeutic administration in a dose of 50 mg/kg was found.     

Proteases in germinating finger millet (Eleusine coracana) seeds

Proteolytic activity was estimated in germinated finger millet seedlings using the endogenous trypsin/amylase inhibitor as substrate and also with haemoglobin and albumin as substrates. The maximal proteolytic activity was observed on the third day of germination. With the inhibitor as substrate, the proteolytic activity was maximal at pH 2.5. The protease that acted on the inhibitor required sulphydryl groups for maximal activity and was suppressed by diazoacetyl norleucine methyl ester and Pepstatin. The protease that acted on haemoglobin with optimum pH of 5.0, was more stable on storage, did not depend on sulphydryl groups for activity and was unaffected by reagents that react with carboxyl groups.     

黄颡鱼鳃部寄生单殖吸虫和鳋类的空间分布特点

研究了黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco(Richardson)鳃部的寄生单殖吸虫(Monogeneans)和鳋类(Copepods)的空间分布特点.寄生于黄颡鱼鳃部的单殖吸虫和鳋类在两侧鳃上的感染强度及其差异表明,两种寄生虫对于鳃片的左右位置没有明显的选择性;在黄颡鱼四鳃间的分布存在极显著的差异(PP<0.01);在鳃片的各区均存在选择性;对鳃丝的各分段也均有极显著的选择性.