The Development of a Multisensory Stripping Voltammetry Method for the Analysis of Medical Preparations: Determination of Fentanyl in Lacrimal Fluid

Biophysics - An assessment of the dynamics of changes in their concentration in the lacrimal fluid over time is required for an effective dosage of ophthalmic drugs. This paper provides examples of...     

Determination of Anesthetics Used in Adult Ophthalmology by the Multisensory Stripping Voltammetry Method in Tear Fluids

Biophysics - For effective dosage of ophthalmic drugs, it is necessary to assess the dynamics of changes in their concentration in the tear fluid over time. This paper provides examples of...     

微分脉冲伏安法测定沙苑子中鼠李柠檬素类黄酮含量

在 0 .0 5 m ol/ L 硫酸铵溶液中 ,采用微分脉冲伏安法 ,测定沙苑子中鼠李柠檬素类黄酮含量。灵敏度达 10 - 6mol/ L,在 6 .10× 10 - 6～ 3.0 5× 10 - 5m ol/ L 浓度范围内峰电流与沙苑子苷浓度成线性关系 (r=0 .995 9) ,回收率达96 .9%～ 10 3.0 % (RSD=2 .5 4 % ,n=6 )。结果表明 ,可不经分离直接测定沙苑子提取液中鼠李柠檬素类黄酮的含量     

异氟醚与七氟醚复合麻醉在小儿全身麻醉中的应用

目的:探讨异氟醚及七氟醚复合麻醉在患儿全身麻醉中的应用。方法:选取陕西省榆林市第一医院儿科收治的需行ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级行外科手术患儿86例,随机分为两组,其中对照组43例给予异氟醚全身麻醉诱导;实验组43例予以异氟醚及七氟醚复合全身麻醉诱导。观察比较两组麻醉诱导时间(T1)、苏醒时间(T2)、aldrete评分达9分或9分以上时间(T3)以及不良反应发生率。结果:实验组患儿麻醉诱导时间、苏醒时间、aldrete评分为9分或9分以上时间均明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患儿不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:异氟醚及七氟醚复合麻醉能够缩短麻醉诱导时间、苏醒时间及术后恢复时间,具有较高的安全性,值得临床推广应用。     

2.5次微分伏安法对生物样品中丙二醛的测定

以0.1mol/L NH₄Cl溶液为介质, 用2.5次微分伏安法测定了丙二醛, 线性范围为1.0×10^-6至1.0×10^-3 mol/L, 检测限达1.0×10^-7 mol/L. 并测定了细胞培养液介质中新生SD大鼠心室肌细胞样品中的丙二醛.     

不同浓度罗派卡因用于老年患者臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的临床比较研究

目的：比较不同浓度的罗派卡因对老年患者臂丛神经感觉、运动神经阻滞起效和维持时间的影响。方法：选择60例行择期上肢手术老年患者。男38例,女21例,年龄65—78岁。ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级。随机分为两组。定时记录感觉、运动神经完全阻滞起效时间和维持时间,观察并记录术中生命体征的变化和有无并发症发生。结果：两组患者感觉和运动神经阻滞的起效时间和维持时间有极显著性差异（P〈0．05）,术中生命体征和并发症发生率无显著性差畀。结论：0．37％相较0．25％罗哌卡因用于老年患者臂丛神经阻滞麻醉起效更快,维持时间更长,副作用风险来见增加,可常规用于老年患者的上肢手术麻醉。     

不同浓度罗派卡因用于老年患者臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的临床比较研究

目的:比较不同浓度的罗派卡因对老年患者臂丛神经感觉、运动神经阻滞起效和维持时间的影响。方法:选择60例行择期上肢手术老年患者。男38例,女21例,年龄65-78岁。ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级。随机分为两组。定时记录感觉、运动神经完全阻滞起效时间和维持时间,观察并记录术中生命体征的变化和有无并发症发生。结果:两组患者感觉和运动神经阻滞的起效时间和维持时间有极显著性差异(P<0.05),术中生命体征和并发症发生率无显著性差异。结论:0.37%相较0.25%罗哌卡因用于老年患者臂丛神经阻滞麻醉起效更快,维持时间更长,副作用风险未见增加,可常规用于老年患者的上肢手术麻醉。     

Effects of Fentanyl on Emergence Agitation in Children under Sevoflurane Anesthesia: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background and Objectives

The goal of this meta-analysis study was to assess the effects of fentanyl on emergence agitation (EA) under sevoflurane anesthesia in children.

Subjects and Methods

We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for articles published until December 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effects of fentanyl and placebo on EA under sevoflurane anesthesia in children that the outcome were the incidence of EA, postoperative pain, emergence time or adverse effects were included in this meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 16 studies, including 1362 patients (737 patients for the fentanyl group and 625 for the placebo group), were evaluated in final analysis. We found that administration of fentanyl decreased the incidences of EA (RR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.27~0.49, P<0.00001) and postoperative pain (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.41~0.85, P = 0.004) but increased the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (RR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.33~3.77, P = 0.003). The extubation time (WMD = 0.71 min, 95% CI 0.12~1.3, P = 0.02), emergence time (WMD = 4.90 min, 95% CI 2.49~7.30, P<0.0001), and time in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) (WMD = 2.65 min, 95% CI 0.76~4.53, P = 0.006) were slightly increased. There were no significant differences in the time to discharge of day patients (WMD = 3.72 min, 95% CI -2.80~10.24, P = 0.26).

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis suggests that fentanyl decreases the incidence of EA under sevoflurane anesthesia in children and postoperative pain, but has a higher incidence of PONV. Considering the inherent limitations of the included studies, more RCTs with extensive follow-up should be performed to validate our findings in the future.     

小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对高龄产妇分娩镇痛效果评估

目的:评估小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉对高龄产妇分娩镇痛效果。方法:选取我院2019年1月-2020年12月共收治的80例高龄无痛分娩产妇作为研究对象,对照组产妇应用罗哌卡因进行硬膜外麻醉;观察组产妇应用小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉,对比两组镇痛效果、VAS评分、Bromage评分、自控镇痛追加次数、产程时间、24 h的新生儿窒息情况与24 h泌乳量评分情况。结果:观察组镇痛效果明显优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组产妇的VAS评分在三个产程时间内评分明较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组产妇第一产程和第二产程的Bromage评分略低于对照组,但对比差异不显著(P>0.05),第三产程观察组的Bromage评分明显较对照组低;观察组产妇的自控镇痛追加次数较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组的第一产程和第二产程时间明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组产妇产后24 h泌乳量评分优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组新生儿窒息比例略低于对照组,但是并无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:对高龄产妇分娩应用小剂量罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼硬膜外麻醉镇痛效果显著,镇痛追加药剂量少,产程时间短,安全有效,有利于产妇产后分泌母乳,值得临床应用推广。     

较深麻醉下拔管对脑瘫患儿行选择性脊神经后根切断术后躁动的影响

摘要 目的：探讨较深麻醉下拔管对脑瘫患儿行选择性脊神经后根切断术后躁动的影响。方法：2017年8月到2019年2月在本院进行诊治的脑瘫患儿89例,根据麻醉方法的不同把患儿分为观察组49例与对照组40例。所有患儿都给予选择性脊神经后根切断术治疗与全身麻醉。观察组在麻醉维持中静脉持续泵注丙泊酚进行较深麻醉下拔管,对照组吸入七氟烷进行较深麻醉下拔管,观察两组患儿术后躁动情况。结果：两组的麻醉时间、睁眼时间与拔管时间等对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后躁动发生率为2.0 %,显著低于对照组的15.0 % (P<0.05)。两组术后1个月的适应与语言行为评分都显著高于术前1 d (P<0.05),且观察组也显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)。两组术后1个月的大脑中动脉收缩期峰值流速(Peak systolic flow velocity, Vs)、舒张末血流速度(End-diastolic blood flow velocity,Vd)都显著高于术前1 d (P<0.05),且观察组也显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：较深麻醉下拔管在脑瘫患儿行选择性脊神经后根切断术的应用能减少术后躁动的发生,且不影响麻醉效果,从而提高治疗效果,改善大脑血流动力学状况。     

限制性输液与充分液体复苏在感染性休克患者围手术期麻醉中的应用研究

目的:探究限制性输液与充分液体复苏在感染性休克患者围手术期麻醉中的应用,从而为患者治疗提供相关科学依据。方法:回顾性分析2007年2月至2015年6月期间因感染性休克入院接受治疗的82例患者的临床资料,按输液方式的不同分为研究组(限制性输液)与对照组(充分液体复苏)各41例,观察两组患者转归情况,记录患者心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)、出血量、总输液量、尿量、术后机械通气时间及ICU住院时间。结果:术后研究组患者出现弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)5例、成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)3例,2例病情控制不佳者转为多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS),1例死亡,总发生率为26.83%;对照组患者出现DIC 8例,ARDS 7例,MODS 5例,最终出现3例死亡,总发生率为56.10%,两组患者术后转归状况比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者MAP、CVP、HR、出血量、总输液量及尿量等指标低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),研究组患者PaO_2显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者术后机械通气时间及ICU住院时间比对照组短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:限制性输液较充分液体复苏能够显著改善感染性休克患者组织血流灌流状况,术中出血量少、术后并发症少,效果更显著,更适合在围手术期麻醉中使用。     

Identification and Determination of Tele-Methylhistamine in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Abstract: The presence of tele-methylhistamine in human cerebrospinal fluid has been established. The concentration was determined with the use of deuterated tele-methylhistamine. The preparation of the deuterated standard is described. The concentration range in samples from neuropsychiatric patients was 0.1-2.5 ng/ml. The structure of the pentafluoropropionyl derivative used for gas chromatography was studied with the aid of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.     

丙泊酚联合七氟烷复合麻醉对小儿麻醉苏醒期躁动评分的影响

目的:探讨丙泊酚联合七氟烷对小儿麻醉苏醒期躁动的临床效果。方法:选择2013年8月-2015年8月在我院接受手术治疗的患儿53例,根据麻醉方法不同,将研究对象分为丙泊酚组(17例)、七氟烷组(19组)和联合组(17例),分别给予丙泊酚,七氟烷以及丙泊酚联合七氟烷进行麻醉并维持。观察并比较各组患儿的手术时间、麻醉时间、清醒时间、躁动发生率以及苏醒期躁动评分。结果:三组患儿的手术时间和麻醉苏醒时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);联合组患儿躁动发生率及躁动评分均低于七氟烷组和丙泊酚组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);三组患儿恶心、呕吐等不良反应的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:丙泊酚联合七氟烷可显著改善小儿麻醉苏醒期躁动情况,临床效果显著。     

Application of Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium Quantification in the Aqueous Humor: Implications of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome

Anodic stripping voltammetric (ASV) procedure, using mercury film electrode, was optimized and applied to determine the concentrations of zinc, cadmium, and copper in the aqueous humor. Concentration levels as low as 1 ppb of the test metals was possible to be detected using short electrolysis times (120 s) and microquantities of aqueous humor (up to 35 μL). As a first application of the voltammetric analysis of trace metals in the aqueous humor, the role of the three selected trace elements in the pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome was examined. Samples from aqueous humor were collected during cataract extraction from patients with and without PEX. The zinc and copper concentration levels in the aqueous humor did not show statistically significant difference in the study and control group. Cadmium was detected in a small number of samples, without however statistical differences between the two groups. ASV proved to be a highly precise and sensitive tool for the quantification of heavy metal ions in aqueous humor. Further studies may lead to useful conclusions for the role of zinc, copper, or cadmium in PEX syndrome.     

Vitamin B6 in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children

Background

Over the past years, the essential role of vitamin B6 in brain development and functioning has been recognized and genetic metabolic disorders resulting in functional vitamin B6 deficiency have been identified. However, data on B6 vitamers in children are scarce.

Materials and Methods

B6 vitamer concentrations in simultaneously sampled plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 70 children with intellectual disability were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For ethical reasons, CSF samples could not be obtained from healthy children. The influence of sex, age, epilepsy and treatment with anti-epileptic drugs, were investigated.

Results

The B6 vitamer composition of plasma (pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) > pyridoxic acid > pyridoxal (PL)) differed from that of CSF (PL > PLP > pyridoxic acid > pyridoxamine). Strong correlations were found for B6 vitamers in and between plasma and CSF. Treatment with anti-epileptic drugs resulted in decreased concentrations of PL and PLP in CSF.

Conclusion

We provide concentrations of all B6 vitamers in plasma and CSF of children with intellectual disability (±epilepsy), which can be used in the investigation of known and novel disorders associated with vitamin B6 metabolism as well as in monitoring of the biochemical effects of treatment with vitamin B6.     

不同剂量阿芬太尼复合罗哌卡因椎管内麻醉对肛肠手术术中及术后尿潴留的影响

摘要 目的：探讨不同剂量阿芬太尼复合罗哌卡因椎管内麻醉对肛肠手术术中及术后尿潴留的影响。方法：选取我院2020年4月到2020年12月共收治的100例肛肠手术患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为A组、B组和C组,A组30例,B组30例,C组40例。所有患者均行阿芬太尼复合罗哌卡因椎管内腰硬联合麻醉,其中A组患者阿芬太尼剂量为1 μg/kg,B组为5 μg/kg,C组为10 μg/kg,对比三组患者麻醉效果,对比三组患者麻醉前、麻醉后、手术1 h后的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、心脏指数（CI）、每搏指数（SVI）和每搏变异度（SVV）变化情况,术后1 h、术后2 h、术后3 h和术后6 h的VAS评分以及术后不良反应和尿潴留发生率。结果：通过对比三组患者麻醉效果发现,A组患者优良率为80.00%,B组患者优良率为100.00%,C组患者优良率为100.00%,C组高于A组和B组（P＜0.05）;麻醉前三组患者的SVV、SVI、CI、MAP、HR对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,麻醉后三组患者SVV、CI对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,但三组患者的SVI、MAP、HR对比差异显著,C组明显高于A组和B组（P＜0.05）,手术1 h后,三组患者的SVV、SVI对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,但两者CI、MAP、HR对比差异显著,C组高于于A组和B组（P＜0.05）;通过对比三组患者术后不同时间VAS评分发现,三组患者术后6 h的 VAS评分对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,术后1 h、术后2 h、术后3 h三组患者VAS评分对比差异显著,C组明显低于A组和B组;C组患者嗜睡、恶心呕吐、肛门下坠感等术后不良反应对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,C组患者术后尿潴留发生率明显低于B组和A组,组间对比,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：5 μg/kg与10 μg/kg阿芬太尼复合罗哌卡因椎管内麻醉对肛肠手术患者均具有非常好的麻醉效果,但是应用剂量为10 μg/kg阿芬太尼符合罗哌卡因能够稳定患者血流动力学指标,降低患者应激反应,而且术后具有一定的阵痛效果,安全性好,且能够减少患者术后尿储留的发生情况,值得临床应用推广。     

Determination of N-Acetylaspartic Acid in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid was identified and determined in human cerebrospinal fluid. The concentration in lumbar fluid was about 2 nmol/ml and about 20 nmol/ml in ventricular fluid. There was no difference between healthy subjects and schizophrenic patients.     

脑电双频指数用于靶控瑞芬太尼输注在小儿眼科手术中的临床评价

目的:探讨脑电双频指数(BIS)对靶控瑞芬太尼输注在小儿眼科手术中的指导意义。方法:择期小儿眼科手术80例,随机均分为(A组)BIS反馈调控瑞芬太尼组,(B组)根据经验用药组,比较两组中瑞芬太尼的用量,血流动力学以及苏醒时间。结果:A组瑞芬太尼用量明显低于B组(P<0.05),B组血流动力学,BIS值波动明显大于A组(P<0.05),B组苏醒时间明显短于A组(P<0.05)。结论:小儿眼科手术中,BIS反馈调控瑞芬太尼靶控输注(TCI)技术可降低瑞芬太尼用量,有助于判断全麻深度,指导麻醉用药。