黑龙江地区466例孕妇羊水穿刺产前诊断结果分析

目的:探讨羊水细胞染色体异常核型与各产前诊断之间的关系。方法:466例高危孕妇行羊膜腔穿刺术后羊水细胞培养及染色体核型分析。结果:异常核型66例,异常率14.16%,包括染色体数目异常27例,三体综合征22例(21-三体15例、18-三体6例、13-三体1例),占异常染色体核型的33.33%,占染色体数目异常的81.48%;染色体结构异常39例,主要包括染色体多态性、平衡易位、倒位和衍生等,占染色体异常核型的59.10%。异常核型检出率中血清学筛查高危组(14.44%)要高于高龄妊娠组(10.89%)和有不良孕产史组(11.11%)(P0.05);超声提示胎儿发育异常组(23.26%)要高于血清筛查高危组(P0.05)。结论:血清筛查高危和超声提示胎儿发育异常是黑龙江地区最主要的产前诊断指征,异常核型以21-三体综合征检出率最高。通过对高危孕妇羊水细胞染色体的核型分析可发现部分染色体疾病,从而避免此类出生缺陷儿的出生。     

无创产前DNA检测可有效筛查唐氏综合症降低出生缺陷

为了探究无创产前DNA检测筛查唐氏综合症降低出生缺陷的效果,本研究选择2012年4月至2017年12月我院收治的孕期产检6 192例孕妇作为研究对象,应用DNA测序方法对孕妇血浆中胎儿游离DNA进行染色体非整倍体检测,并检测其灵敏度和特异性,同时采用羊水核型分析两种结果。研究显示,阳性共73例,69例做了进一步检查,显示40例胎儿染色体检查核型正常继续妊娠,29例染色体异常。比较不同年龄组的孕妇血清学筛查唐氏综合征高风险情况,研究表明随着孕妇年龄的增加,DS阳性率逐渐降低(p0.05);血清学筛查后胎儿游离DNA (cffDNA)检测与染色体核型分析的阳性例数基本一致(p0.05)。本研究表明,采用产前无创检测胎儿游离DNA操作方便,检测灵敏度和特异性高,不会对胎儿的正常发育造成不良影响,且阳性检测率与羊水核染色体核型结果基本相同,是无创产前诊断唐氏综合征的重要方法,值得在临床上推广使用。     

彩色多普勒超声检查对胎儿颅内畸形筛查的应用价值及染色体异常分析

摘要 目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声检查对胎儿颅内畸形筛查的应用价值,并进行染色体异常分析。方法：选择2016年2月至2019年5月本院收治的进行胎儿颅内畸形筛查的高危孕妇120例,所有孕妇都给予彩色多普勒二维超声与三维超声筛查,对超声筛查异常者进行染色体异常分析,记录预后情况。结果：在120例孕妇中,二维超声诊断为胎儿颅内畸形12例,三维超声诊断为13例(预后都确诊为胎儿颅内畸形)。染色体核型筛查检出胎儿颅内畸形12例,其中21-三体综合征8例,18-三体综合征3例,13-三体综合征1例。确诊为胎儿颅内畸形的孕妇超声NT值都显著高于非胎儿颅内畸形孕妇,差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕妇选择终止妊娠10例,选择继续妊娠3例,继续妊娠3例胎儿都最终死亡。结论：产前彩色多普勒超声结合染色体核型在胎儿颅内畸形筛查中具有很高的价值,两者可互相补充,共同发挥诊断与预后评估价值。     

孕中期超声联合无创产前基因筛查在检出染色体异常胎儿中的应用价值

摘要 目的：孕中期超声联合无创产前基因筛查（NIPT）在染色体异常胎儿检出中的应用价值。方法：选取2019年8月～2021年12月在石家庄市妇幼保健院产前检查的2000例孕中期孕妇,均接受超声检查和NIPT筛查。以羊水穿刺或引产后高通量测序结果为金标准,四格表法分析孕中期超声联合NIPT在染色体异常胎儿检出中的应用价值。结果：2000例孕中期孕妇中,超声检查共检出软指标异常37例,结构指标异常30例。NIPT筛查检出高风险孕妇17例,其中21-三体综合征11例、18-三体综合征6例。超声软指标和结构指标联合NIPT诊断胎儿染色体异常的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、漏诊率、误诊率、准确率分别为95.00%、99.95%、95.00%、99.95%、5.00%、0.05%、99.90%。结论：联合孕中期超声和NIPT可提高检出高风险染色体异常胎儿的灵敏度,降低漏诊率,对于早发现染色体异常胎儿具有重要价值,进而提高生育质量。     

50例孕中期唐氏筛查产前诊断的临床应用价值

目的:评价孕中期唐氏筛查产前诊断的临床应用价值。方法:对50例孕中期孕妇进行产前诊断,以孕中期三联血清生化指标检测联合计算机风险预测,划分高风险人群,选择性应用超声、羊水与脐带血染色体核型检查。结果:三联结果阳性3例,唐氏筛查高风险2例、开放性神经管畸形高风险1例;均行羊水或脐血穿刺,1例胎儿染色体异常;年龄39岁,孕18周,异常核型为47,XY,21,唐氏综合症风险1:180,超声见脑积水、先天性腹壁缺损,合并羊水过多,行羊水染色体检查确诊,中期引产。结论:孕中期唐氏筛查产前诊断可有效筛查高风险人群,为选择性应用羊水或脐血染色体检查提供依据,提高筛查唐氏综合症等先天缺陷效用,且该法创伤小,更易被大众接受。     

颈项透明层厚度超声联合无创DNA对孕妇胎儿染色体非整倍体异常诊断效能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨颈项透明层(nuchal translucency,NT)厚度超声联合无创DNA对孕妇胎儿染色体非整倍体异常诊断效能的影响。方法：2018年7月到2020年4月选择在本院进行产前筛查的孕妇120例,所有孕妇都给予NT厚度超声联合无创DNA检查,采用羊水穿刺分析检测结果为阳性的胎儿情况。结果：120例胎儿的NT厚度为0.8~10 mm,平均厚度为1.57±0.41 mm;不同孕妇年龄的NT厚度对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以羊水穿刺检测结果为金标准,120例胎儿中检出染色体非整倍体异常7例,NT超声检出12例,无创DNA检出13例,联合检出14例。NT超声、无创DNA与联合诊断的染色体非整倍体异常敏感性为57.1%、85.7%和100.0%,特异性为92.9%、93.8%和93.8%。检测结果为阳性的14例胎儿中,还包括3例淋巴水囊瘤,2例单脐动脉伴胎儿宫内发育迟缓,1例胎儿双肾畸形,1例胎儿并腿畸形。结论：颈项透明层厚度超声联合无创DNA在孕妇胎儿染色体非整倍体异常中的诊断具有操作简便、无创伤等特点,诊断敏感性与特异性都比较高,可对临床医生遗传咨询有一定的参考价值。     

无创DNA检测在唐氏综合征产前筛查中的作用

目的:通过比较无创DNA检测和孕中期血清学筛查两种方法的筛查阳性率,从而肯定无创DNA检测在唐氏综合征产前筛查中的实用价值.方法:对500例单胎孕妇进行血清标记物(AFP+β-HCG)-联指标检测,应用配套软件计算唐氏综合征风险;对496例孕妇外周血中的游离DNA片段(含胎儿游离DNA)进行高通量测序,并将测序结果进行生物信息学分析,得出胎儿发生染色体非整倍体的风险率,并追踪胎儿和孕妇的情况.结果:唐氏综合征血清筛查组高危孕妇22例、阳性率为4.4％,假阳性率4.2％;无创DNA检测组筛查阳性孕妇3例,阳性率为0.6％,唐氏综合征检出率为100％.两种方法用于唐氏综合征产前筛查的差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:无创DNA检测适用范围广、准确率高,是产前筛查是唐氏综合征的有效方法.     

静脉补液加饮水疗法治疗妊娠晚期羊水过少的临床疗效评价

目的观察静脉补液联合饮水疗法治疗妊娠晚期羊水过少的临床疗效。方法选择我院2015年4月~2016年4月收治的妊娠晚期羊水过少孕妇138例为观察组,给予静脉补液加饮水治疗,同期选择120例孕妇作为对照组仅行常规胎儿监护。监测两组羊水指数(AFI)变化情况,观察比较两组剖宫产率、胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水粪染率、新生儿窒息率等指标。结果两组干预前AFI比较无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后,观察组AFI值升高明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组的剖宫产率、胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水粪染率、新生儿窒息等不良妊娠结局发生率明显低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论静脉补液加饮水疗法是治疗妊娠晚期羊水过少的可行、有效措施之一,能有效增加羊水量,降低剖宫产率,对改善母婴结局具有积极意义。     

彩色多普勒超声对晚孕期羊水过少胎儿肾动脉血流的研究

目的:应用彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)观察晚孕期羊水过少胎儿肾动脉(RA)血流阻力参数的变化,为临床预测羊水过少时胎儿宫内缺氧及评价胎盘功能提供相关信息。方法:应用CDFI检测100例晚孕期孕妇(孕36～40周)RA的搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)及收缩期峰值流速与舒张末期流速比值(S/D)。其中羊水过少A组(5cm<羊水指数AFI≤8cm)40例,羊水过少B组(AFI≤5 cm)20例,正常对照C组(8cm相似文献   

无创DNA检测技术在产前胎儿非整倍体筛查中的应用

目的:探讨无创DNA检测技术在孕妇产前临床检测中的应用。方法:对276例孕妇进行胎儿无创DNA产前检测,包括高龄(年龄≥35岁)、唐筛结果为高风险或单项指标异常、超声软指标异常者。结果:276例中,267例检测为低风险,9例检测为高风险。高风险包括5例提示21-三体综合征、2例提示18-三体综合征、1例提示13-三体综合征、1例提示胎儿性染色体DNA含量不足。9例异常者经羊水和脐血穿刺检测证实与无创DNA结果吻合,准确率为100%。结论:无创DNA产前检测针对胎儿21-、18-、13-三体综合征筛查,具有简单安全、可靠等优点,较血清学筛查有着无可比拟的优越性。这项技术大大减少了有创产前诊断人数,将作为一种筛查技术大规模应用于临床,是未来发展的趋势。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.