Fermentation of n-Paraffins by Yeast

α-Ketoglutarate productivity from n-paraffins of 141 strains of identified yeasts was studied. Among the strains tested, only strains of Candida lipolytica exclusively showed a high ability to produce α-ketoglutarale.

It was also observed that these strains of Candida lipolytica required thiamine for their growth and that exegenous thiamine stimulated the activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase of Candida lipolytica AJ 5004.

From these results, relationship between thiamine requirement and α-ketoglutarate productivity of Candida lipolytica was discussed.

α-Ketoglutarate fermentation by representative strains of Candida lipolytica was also carried out.     

Fermentation of n-Paraffins by Yeast

Nutritional requirement of Candida lipolytica AJ 5004 and its productivity of α-ketoglutarate were further studied.

It became clear that this yeast required only thiamine as grown factor, and even if the yeast was cultured in chemically defined medium containing adequate amount of thiamine, it was able to produce as high yield of α-ketoglutarate as in the medium containing 0.02% of corn steep liquor.

It was also shown that the rate of convertion of n-paraffin to α-ketoglutarate gradually increased as the concentration of n-paraffins was decreased or as the incubation time was prolonged. A very high rate of conversion, 71%, was obtained after prolonged culture, for 5 days, with a culture medium containing 8% of n-paraffins.

The productivity of α-ketoglutarate from C₉- to C₂₀-alkanes by the yeast was maximum in the range from C₁₅ to C₁₉, especially from C₁₇ to C₁₉.     

Fermentation of Cellodextrins by Different Yeast Strains

The fermentation of cellodextrins by eight yeast species capable of fermenting cellobiose was monitored. Only two of these species, Torulopsis molischiana and T. wickerhamii, were able to ferment β-glucosides with a degree of polymerization between one and six. These two species showed exocellular β-glucosidase activity. Four other species were able to ferment cellotriose, and the last two species only fermented cellobiose. These latter six species produced a β-glucosidase capable of attacking cellodextrins, but this enzyme was endocellular.     

酵母氨基酸发酵研究

从32株酵母菌中筛选到丙氨酸产生株产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilisY18),丙氨酸产量为1 mg/ml,发酵最适时间为72小时,最适pH值为6—7。用NTG和DES对菌株Y18进行诱变获得了一些芳香簇氨基酸变异株(FPA~r、T_(rp)~-、phe~-)和赖氨酸类似物抗性变异株(AEC~r)以及其他一些变异菌株。通过对这些变异菌株的氨基酸发酵研究,从芳香簇氨基酸、极性氨基酸和中性氨基酸三个方面,分析和探讨了酵母菌作为氨基酸生产菌的潜力及可行性。     

糖蜜发酵培养富铬酵母

筛选对铬元素吸收较好的产朊园酵母(Torulopsisutilis)为实验菌株,根据铬的耐受量实验,确定糖蜜培养基铬的添加量,研究富铬酵母培养最佳工艺条件,探讨富铬酵母的应用。发酵产品富铬酵母铬的含量7388mgkg,蛋白质含量4874%(ww),得率30%(wv)。     

酵母发酵法制备核糖核酸研究进展

核糖核酸（RNA）是一种遗传物质,参与细胞蛋白质合成和免疫调节等生理活动。RNA及其降解物在药物开发、保健品和食品添加剂等领域具有良好的应用前景。利用富含RNA的酵母发酵提取RNA是生产RNA的有效途径。概述了酵母发酵法制备RNA的进展及其应用。     

酵母菌产麦角固醇发酵条件的研究

为了提高酵母菌麦角固醇的产量,采用摇瓶培养法,对筛选出的一株酵母菌YN2产麦角固醇发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明,酵母菌YN2产麦角固醇适宜的培养基配方为：酵母粉1％,牛肉膏2．5％,葡萄糖8％,K2HPO4 0．3％,MgSO4 0．15％,该菌株产麦角固醇最适培养条件为：培养温度28℃,起始pH6．5,发酵时间72h。在优化的实验条件下,麦角固醇含量可达2．2％,100ml发酵液中麦角固醇产量达25．30mg。     

酵母菌和食用真菌混合固态发酵配合蛋白饲料的应用研究

双菌混合发酵是现代发酵技术发展趋势之一,高温酵母菌和担子茵混合固态发酵尝试了一种生产配合饲料的新技术,高温酵母菌生长速度快,适应性强,蛋白含量高;担子菌分解纤维素和半纤维素能力强,利用它们各自特点,经双菌协同混合发酵,不但提高了淀粉渣的蛋白质含量,而且也降低了纤维素和半纤维素含量,从而使无法直接利用的淀粉渣转化为优质配合蛋白饲料。      

代谢工程改善野生酵母利用木糖产乙醇的性能

从256个自然样品中筛选得到1株可高效转化D-木糖的酵母。通过生理生化和分子生物学方法鉴定, 证实该菌株是属于Candida tropicalis。以该酵母为研究对象, 增加木糖醇脱氢酶表达量, 通过改变代谢流以达到提高酒精产率的目的。以pXY212-XYL2质粒为基础载体, 构建了含有潮霉素抗性的pYX212-XYL2-Hygro, 电击转化进入野生型C. tropicalis, 潮霉素抗性筛选, 得到含高拷贝木糖醇脱氢酶基因的重组菌株C. tropicalis XYL2-7。重组菌的比酶活达到0.5 u/mg protein, 比原始菌株提高了3倍。实验表明, 重组菌木糖醇得率比原始菌株降低了3倍, 酒精得率提高了5倍。首次通过实验验证了热带假丝酵母利用木糖产乙醇的可行性, 这对研究酵母利用秸秆、麦糠、谷壳等纤维质农业废弃物生产燃料乙醇具有重要启示。     

代谢工程改善野生酵母利用木糖产乙醇的性能

从256个自然样品中筛选得到1株可高效转化D-木糖的酵母。通过生理生化和分子生物学方法鉴定, 证实该菌株是属于Candida tropicalis。以该酵母为研究对象, 增加木糖醇脱氢酶表达量, 通过改变代谢流以达到提高酒精产率的目的。以pXY212-XYL2质粒为基础载体, 构建了含有潮霉素抗性的pYX212-XYL2-Hygro, 电击转化进入野生型C. tropicalis, 潮霉素抗性筛选, 得到含高拷贝木糖醇脱氢酶基因的重组菌株C. tropicalis XYL2-7。重组菌的比酶活达到0.5 u/mg protein, 比原始菌株提高了3倍。实验表明, 重组菌木糖醇得率比原始菌株降低了3倍, 酒精得率提高了5倍。首次通过实验验证了热带假丝酵母利用木糖产乙醇的可行性, 这对研究酵母利用秸秆、麦糠、谷壳等纤维质农业废弃物生产燃料乙醇具有重要启示。     

Viricidal Effects of Lactobacillus and Yeast Fermentation

The survival of selected viruses in Lactobacillus- and yeast-fermented edible waste material was studied to determine the feasibility of using this material as a livestock feed ingredient. Five viruses, including Newcastle disease virus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, a porcine picornavirus, frog virus 3, and bovine virus diarrhea, were inoculated into a mixture of ground food waste (collected from a school lunch program) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus. Mixtures were incubated at 20, 30, and 40°C for 216 h. In a second trial, four viruses, including Newcastle disease virus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, frog virus 3, and a porcine picornavirus, were inoculated into similar edible waste material containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mixtures were incubated at 20 and 30°C for 216 h. Samples were obtained daily for quantitative (trial 1) and qualitative (trial 2) virus isolation. Temperature, pH, and redox potential were monitored. Controlled pH and temperature studies were also done and compared with the inactivation rates in the fermentation processes. In trial 1 (Lactobacillus fermentation), infectious canine hepatitis virus survived the entire test period in the fermentation process but was inactivated below pH 4.5 in the controlled studies. Newcastle disease virus was inactivated by day 8 in the fermentation process and appeared to be primarily heat sensitive and secondarily pH sensitive in the controlled studies. The porcine picornavirus survived the fermentation process for 8 days at 20°C but was inactivated more rapidly at 30 and 40°C. The controlled studies verified these findings. Frog virus 3 was inactivated by day 3 in the fermentation process and appeared to be sensitive to low pH in the controlled studies. Bovine virus diarrhea was rapidly inactivated in the fermentation process (less than 2 h) and was pH and temperature sensitive. In trial 2 (yeast fermentation), infectious hepatitis virus survived the entire test period in the fermentation process. Newcastle disease virus was inactivated by day 7 at 20°C and day 6 at 30°C. The porcine picornavirus was inactivated by day 7 at 30°C but survived the entire test period at 20°C. Frog virus 3 was inactivated by day 3 at 20°C and day 2 at 30°C.     

膜片状填料固定化酵母薯干酒精发酵生物反应器的研究

针对以薯干为原料固定化酵母带渣酒精发酵的特点,研制了一种新型的容积为1m~3的膜片状填充床生物反应器,并历时半年多考察了该反应器的操作稳定性,得出较佳的发酵周期和醪液循环量等.实验结果表明:膜片状填充床固定化酵母生物反应器的酒精发酵速率远大于传统式发酵罐;其淀粉利用率可达91～92%,乙醇生产能力可达9.5kg EtOH/m~3·h.     

酵母菌和乳酸菌复合发酵木瓜酵素生物活性分析

为了获得木瓜酵素生物活性的相关情况,本研究从木瓜酵素化学成分含量、功效酶活力和抗氧化活性3个方面进行探究.结果 显示,总糖、总酚、总黄酮和蛋白质的含量分别为(3090.00±193.25)、(161.67±4.62)、(55.00±1.00)、(134.67±1.15) mg/L;淀粉酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶和总超氧化歧化酶(T-SOD)活力分别为(0.09±0.026)、(7.11±1.08)、(0.64±0.127)、(67.68±2.244) U/mL.木瓜酵素对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的IC50值分别为6.70％、28.91％、42.30％,其总抗氧化能力为(30.12±0.167) U/mL.本研究旨在完善对木瓜酵素的认知,推进果蔬酵素产业的发展.     

发酵培养基的模式识别法优化

应用模式识别法优化发酵培养基,以培养基组成构筑模式空间,线性降维揭示可视优化区,再以多因素轮换优化实现由低维到高维的回复,得到最佳培养基组成。     

酵母表达肌肉生长抑制素前肽发酵工艺的优化

突变型肌肉生长抑制素前肽（MMP）在治疗肌肉萎缩症和培育多肌肉牲畜上有着广泛的应用前景。以重组表达MMP的毕赤酵母工程菌为模式,对该工程菌在30L发酵灌中培养与诱导备件进行优化,建立该表达系统大规模发酵的最佳生产条件,以期荻得最短的发酵时间和最低的生产损耗。毕赤酵母发酵过程通常分为3个阶段：分批培养（基础培养）阶段、分批补料培养阶段、诱导阶段。对发酵过程的第2与第3阶段进行了优化。通过分步提高甘油流加速度：以20mL／L·h^-1的速度流加5h、以30mL／L·h^-1的速度流加5h、以50mL／L·h^-1速度流加14h,并通入纯氧气,维持60％的溶氧度,使甘油流加阶段的时间从常规的48h缩短至24h,即只需24h即可达到常规方法48h才能达到的菌体密度。在诱导表达阶段,通过甘油与甲醇的交替流加,同时对发酵液中甲醇含量的实时监测,保持甲醇的浓度不超过0．5％的高限,使诱导的时间从常规的72h缩短至36h,而且表达量提高了约1倍。优化后,整个发酵周期从120～148h缩短至72～80h,显著提高了MMP蛋白的生产效率。     

The Formation of Higher Alcohols in the Fermentation of Amino Acids by Yeast

It was confirmed that washed yeast cells produced isobutanol from α-acetolactic acid which was presumed as the intermediate in the synthetic pathway of isobutanol from alanine described in the previous report. At the same time α-ketoisovaleric acid was detected in the fermented solution, which seemed to support this scheme. The effects of various fermentation conditions upon the formation of isobutanol were discussed.