A new genus and species of Coenosiini from Costa Rica (Diptera,Muscidae, Coenosiinae)

Palpilongus gen. n. is herein described for one species – Palpilongus bifurcus sp. n., from Costa Rica, based on male and females. The striking morphological characters of the species – palpus very long, about as long as prementum; upper calypter truncate and very short and setae of male sternite 5 bifurcated, confirm that this new species is also a new genus in the tribe Coenosiini. Male and female terminalia were dissected and illustrated.     

An unusual macrourid larva (Gadiformes) from San Juan Island, Washington, USA

An unusual macrourid larva was collected in Friday Harbor, San Juan Island, Washington, USA. This specimen is remarkable in appearance having very long anterior dorsal- and pelvic-fin rays, with flattened distal ends free of the fin membrane, and a long, whiplike, heavily pigmented caudal filament. It is similar to smaller Coryphaenoides pectoralis larvae reported from the California Current region, and different from larger specimens of C. pectoralis from the northern North Pacific. Counts and other morphological similarities suggest that this larva should be tentatively assigned to genus Coryphaenoides.     

Diphascon (Adropion) tricuspidatum, a new species of eutardigrade from Antarctica

A new species of freshwater eutardigrade, Diphascon (Adropion) tricuspidatum sp. nov., is described from Antarctica. It has a narrow bucco-pharyngeal tube without drop-shaped thickening, a pharyngeal bulb with small apophyses, three short macroplacoids and a small microplacoid, and very long outer claws with long and divergent accessory points. Accepted: 27 August 1999     

Monognathus berteli sp. nov. from the Indian Ocean (Pisces,Monognathidae)

A new deepsea monognathid species,Monognathus berteli, is described based on one specimen collected pelagically in the northwestern Indian Ocean at 1440–1018 meters of depth. LikeM. taningi andM. bertini, it belongs to the short-skulled species-group and has very long pectoral fins, but differs from these species by several meristic characters. The described specimen has a very long caudal filament (53% SL) which is not known from otherMonognathus. However, the fragile filament is not used as a diagnostic character since it could easily be broken.     

Zingiber pseudosquarrosum sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India

Zingiber pseudosquarrosum L. J. Singh & P. Singh sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India is described and illustrated and its conservation status is evaluated. This new species seems related to Z. squarrosum Roxb. but can be distinguished by the presence of a small pseudostem, long ligule and petiole, broadly lanceolate leaves with cuneate base, caudate apex and paxillate venation, urceolate or prolate inflorescences, very long underground peduncle, long calyx, very long corolla tube, labellum deep purple red (claret) at centre, orange red (vermillion) at lateral sides with ivory (off white) spots, tip truncate and slightly notched, margin folded back, stamen with short filament, yellow orange anther, light brown ovary, blood red (cinnabar) seeds covered by a white aromatic aril. A key to the species of Zingiber Mill. from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is also provided.     

A non‐aquatic otter (Mammalia,Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Late Miocene (Vallesian,MN 10) of La Roma 2 (Alfambra,Teruel, Spain): systematics and functional anatomy

A new genus and species of otter‐like mustelid, Teruelictis riparius, is created on the basis of a partial skeleton from the Late Miocene (Vallesian age, MN 10) locality of La Roma 2 (Teruel, Spain), including several postcranial elements, the skull, and the mandible. The combination of a typically lutrine dentition, similar to that of other fossil otters such as Paralutra jaegeri, with a very slender postcranial skeleton, including a long back and gracile long bones and metacarpals, thus lacking any aquatic adaptations, was previously unknown in the fossil record. This mosaic of features strongly suggests the possibility that the aquatic lifestyle of otters could have appeared after the initial development of the distinctive dental morphology of this specialized group of mustelids. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London     

长室姬蜂属一新种

本文描述了我国山东莱阳莱阳组中的长室姬蜂属(Tanychora)1个新种。这是世界上已知的最古老的姬蜂化石,在研究这个类群的起源和演化上具有重要意义。根据这个属在演化上的原始程度,推断含有此类昆虫化石的苏联、蒙古和我国的有关地层的沉积时代为晚侏罗世。     

Mesaiokeras hurei n. sp. (Copepoda, Calanoida, Mesaiokeratidae) from the Adriatic Sea

A new species of Mesaiokeras is described from the hyperbenthosof Veliko Jezero, a marine lake on the island of Mljet, Croatia.This is the first species of this genus and family (Mesaiokeratidae)reported from the Adriatic and Mediterranean seas. It is characterizedby small body length (an average 361 µm for females and337 µm for males), the low number of free segments (21)and the armature of the antennules, very long spine (a₂) ofexopodite I of female right leg 4, the presence of long processeson the ventroposterior area of the female genital double-somite,the form and surface ornamentation of the genital area, theform and ornamentation of male and female leg 5, and the formand armature of caudal rami. This species was found in shallowwater with very stable hydrographic conditions and at a populationdensity from 1 to 26 ind. m^-3.     

侧沟茧蜂属二新种记述(膜翅目,茧蜂科)

记述了采自福建武夷山、浙江(龙王山、百山祖)、湖北神农架、山东崂山和黑龙江镜泊湖等地的侧沟茧蜂属Microplitis Foerster 2新种。两色侧沟茧蜂Microplitis bicol-oratus sp．nov．(♀)和长径侧沟茧蜂Microplitis longiradiusis sp．nov．(♀)。两色侧沟茧蜂Microplitis bicoloratus与M．obscuripennis Xu and He相似,但以下特征与之区别：1)前后单眼间距与单眼直径等长(后者小于单眼直径);2)中胸盾片具一宽而深的中纵沟,且内具小脊(后者无中纵沟);3)后翅后小脉直(后者明显弯向翅基);4)翅半透明,淡烟褐色,前翅翅痣下方具一暗色斑(后者翅不透明,一致暗烟褐色);5)后足胫节中部具1黄白色环(后者为一致黑色)。采自福建、浙江、湖北和山东。长径侧沟茧蜂Microplitis longiradiusis与M．marshalli Kokujev相似,但以下特征与之区别：1)后单眼间距与单复眼间距等长(后者短于单复眼间距);2)腹部第2～3背板红黄色(后者黑色);3)后足基节红黄色(后者黑色);4)前翅r脉短于2-SR脉(后者与2-SR脉等长);5)前翅1-R1脉特别短,约与翅痣等长(后者明显长于翅痣长)。采自黑龙江。本文附中国侧沟茧蜂属种类检索表。模式标本均保存在浙江大学植保系寄生蜂标本室。     

Calligonum taklimakanense sp. nov. (Polygonaceae) from Xinjiang,China

Calligonum taklimakanense B. R. Pan & G. M. Shen, a new species of Polygonaceae from Taklimakan Desert, Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to C. ebinuricum Ivanova ex Soskov in having similar fruit shape and achenes with two rows of bristles, but differs in straight old branches and slightly coiled achenes without a long beak. Calligonum ebinuricum has tortuous old branches, very coiled achenes, and a 2–4 mm long beak.     

Three new rotundabaloghid mites (Acari,Uropodina) from Sabah (Malaysia)

Three new species of the family Rotundabaloghiidae are discovered and described from Sabah, Malaysia. The unusual Angulobaloghia rutra sp. n. differs from the other known Angulobaloghia Hirschmann, 1979 species in the long anterior process of the female’s genital shield. Rotundabaloghia (Circobaloghia) tobiasi sp. n. has very long and apically pilose dorsal setae and two pairs of bulbiform setae, which are unique in the subgenus Rotundabaloghia (Circobaloghia) Hirschmann, 1975. The long, serrate and curved setae in the big ventral cavity of Depressorotunda (Depressorotunda) serrata sp. n. is a so far unknown character in the subgenus Depressorotunda (Depressorotunda) Kontschán, 2010.     

Hanocladius,a new orthoclad genus from China (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Hanocladius longipes gen. nov., sp. nov. from Oriental China is described from the male imago. The long metatarsus, the very broad, scale-like virga and the conspicuously scalpellate acrostichals distinguish the genus from all of the known genera in Orthocladiinae.     

Larval development of the Common Ponyfish, Leiognathus equulus (Teleostei: Leiognathidae)

Larval development of Leiognathus equulus is described from reared postflexion specimens (4.6–15.8 mm Standard Length, SL) from Taiwan. Larvae have strong head spination, particularly a supraoccipital crest, strong supraocular ridge and very long, serrate preopercular spines, with the spine at the preopercular angle initially heavily pigmented. Fin spines are robust, and the anterior spines of dorsal, anal and pelvic fins are long and serrate. Structures characteristic of the family Leiognathidae form early in development (ca. 5 mm SL), including the very protrusible mouth, the fin-locking mechanism and the bacterial light organ. Pigment is initially largely confined to the ventral midline, but as development proceeds, extensive lateral and dorsal pigment patches appear. Larvae of L. equulus have the Trnski and Leis Morph 1 morphology.     

Recombinogenic Telomeres in Diploid Sorex granarius (Soricidae,Eulipotyphla) Fibroblast Cells

The telomere structure in the Iberian shrew Sorex granarius is characterized by unique, striking features, with short arms of acrocentric chromosomes carrying extremely long telomeres (up to 300 kb) with interspersed ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat blocks. In this work, we investigated the telomere physiology of S. granarius fibroblast cells and found that telomere repeats are transcribed on both strands and that there is no telomere-dependent senescence mechanism. Although telomerase activity is detectable throughout cell culture and appears to act on both short and long telomeres, we also discovered that signatures of a recombinogenic activity are omnipresent, including telomere-sister chromatid exchanges, formation of alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT)-associated PML-like bodies, production of telomere circles, and a high frequency of telomeres carrying marks of a DNA damage response. Our results suggest that recombination participates in the maintenance of the very long telomeres in normal S. granarius fibroblasts. We discuss the possible interplay between the interspersed telomere and rDNA repeats in the stabilization of the very long telomeres in this organism.     

Ultrastructure of the Geogarypus nigrimanus Spermatozoon (Arachnida,Pseudoscorpionida)

The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of Geogarypus nigrimanus (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpionida) is described. The spermatozoon is composed of a small elliptic nucleus, a short flagellum and a very long and complex acrosome. In the male genital ducts, as in other studied species of pseudoscorpions, the sperm components are rolled up to form a globular structure enclosed in a cyst wall. The Geogarypus spermatozoon with a reduced flagellum and a giant acrosome seems to be evolutionary more advanced than spermatozoa from other pseudoscorpions.     

Structure and ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of Bephratelloides pomorum (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)

The spermatozoa of Bephratelloides pomorum are very long and fine. Each spermatozoon measures about 620 μm in length by 0.38 μm in diameter and, when seen under the light microscope, appears to be wavy along its entire length. The head, which is approximately 105 μm, comprises a small acrosome and a nucleus. The acrosome is made up of a cone-shaped acrosomal vesicle surrounding the perforatorium and the anterior end of the nucleus. Innumerable filaments radiate from it. The perforatorium has a diameter equal to that of the nucleus at their junction, where it fits with a concave base onto the rounded nuclear tip. The nucleus is helicoidal and completely filled with homogeneous compact chromatin. It is attached to the tail by a very long and quite electron-dense centriolar adjunct that extends anteriorly from the centriole in a spiral around the nucleus for approximately 8.5 μm. The tail consists of an axoneme with the 9+9+2 microtubule arrangement pitched in a long helix, as well as a pair of spiraling mitochondrial derivatives (with regularly arranged cristae) that coil around the axoneme, and two small accessory bodies. As well as the spiraling of the nucleus, mitochondrial derivatives and axonemal microtubules, the sperm of B. pomorum present other very different morphological features. These features include the acrosome and centriolar adjunct, both of which differentiate the spermatozoa from the majority of sperm found in other Hymenoptera. In addition these structural variations demonstrate that the sperm of chalcidoids provide characteristics that can certainly prove useful for future phylogenetic analysis at the subfamily level and, possibly, the genus too.     

Ultrastructure and Phylogenetic Significance of Notaspidean Spermatozoa (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia)

Spermatozoa of five notaspidean opisthobranchs [Berthellina citrina, Berthella ornata, Pleuro-branchus peroni, Pleurobranchaea maculata, Umbruculum sinicum] were examined using TEM. In all five species, the acrosome (sensu lato) consists of an apical vesicle (the acrosomal vesicle) and acrosomal pedestal. The acrosomal pedestal overlaps the nuclear apex, and in P. peroni (and possibly B. ornata) is periodically banded—-the first reported incidence of this type of substructure in any euthyneuran acrosome. Although sperm nuclei of P. peroni, B. ornata and B. citrina differ in length and also the number of keels present (nucleus 7 μm long with four/five keels present in Pleurobranchus; 17 μm long with one keel in Berthella; 15 μm long with a very weak keel in Berthellina), the basal invagination to which the centriolar derivative, axoneme and coarse fibres are attached is always poorly developed, and very little overlap between nucleus and midpiece occurs. In P. maculata and U. sinicum, the nucleus forms a helical cord around the axoneme and mitochondrial derivative such that it is not possible to recognize exclusively ‘nuclear’ and ‘midpiece’ regions of the spermatozoon. In all notaspideans investigated, (1) the axoneme, coarse fibres and glycogen helix are enclosed by the paracrystalline and matrix components of the mitochondrial derivative and (2) a dense ring structure (attached to the plasma membrane) and glycogen piece are observed. While the glycogen piece is very short (0.85–1.43 μm) with a very degenerate axoneme in B. citrina, B. ornata and P. peroni, this region of the spermatozoan is well developed (30–35 μm long) in U. sinicum and exhibits a fully intact 9 + 2 axoneme. The ‘glycogen piece’(or its presumed homologue) in P. maculata spermatozoa is very short (0.65 μm), devoid of any axonemal remnant and constructed of a hollow, internal cylinder attached to an outer (incomplete) shell, and contains scattered (glycogen) granules. Spermatozoal structure supports a close relationship between the genera Berthellina, Berthella and Pleurobranchus. These three genera have more distant links with Pleurobranchaea, while Umbraculum maintains an isolated, specialized position within the Notaspidea.     

Spermiogenesis in Paratomella rubra(Platyhelminthes, Acoela): Ultrastructural, Immunocytochemical, Cytochemical Studies and Phylogenetic Implications

Spermiogenesis and sperm structure of the primitive acoel Paratomella rubra from the Ligurian Sea, Italy, were investigated by several methods. During spermiogenesis, after flagellar incorporation by formation of two longitudinal lateral grooves, spermatid elongation is characterized in Paratomella by the presence of four membranes encircling each axoneme plus two membranes encircling both the axonemes and the nucleus. These structures were interpreted as being three cytoplasmic canals situated one inside the other. The filiform spermatozoon has two incorporated axonemes of 9+2 type, a nucleus almost as long as the sperm cell itself, a single elongate mitochondrion, and two types of membrane-bound granules, respectively, small and gastrula-shaped, and large. Organelles are highly ordered, the sperm is bilaterally symmetrical with a single long mitochondrion on the ventral side and a regular row of large granules, for some length embedded in the nucleus, on the dorsal side. Immunocytochemical studies and the use of fluorescent nuclear dyes reveal the spatial relationships of the axonemes with the nucleus. The granules were shown by Thiéry, PTA and enzyme digestion tests to contain glycoproteins and/or polysaccharides and very little protein. Glycogen particles were detected in the cytoplasm. Cells containing coiled spermatozoa undergoing resorption were found in the parenchyma. New apomorphies of the taxon Paratomella based on sperm structure are proposed: a very long nucleus, a highly bilaterally symmetrical pattern of organelles, a single long mitochondrion. These characters are not found in other Acoela, and particularly in Hesiolicium , sometimes considered closely related to Paratomella . © 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.     

Records ofApristurus herklotsi (Lamniformes,Scyliorhinidae) and discussion of its taxonomic relationships

Additional specimens of the rareApristurus herklotsi are reported, and the characteristic features of this species are discussed.A. herklotsi is concluded to be a distinct species, having a very long snout, a narrow distance between the nostrils, a long caudal fin, a short abdomen, numerous teeth on both jaws, and a low number of monospondylous vertebrae.A. herklotsi appears to be mature at about 44 cm in total length.     

云南管螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,烟管螺科)

记述采自云南省石林县陆生贝类1新种,即石林管螺Phaedusa shilinensis sp.nov.,文中对新种形态特征、栖息环境进行了描述,并对其相似种进行了分析和讨论。