共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Akira K. Tanaka Chieko Sato Yoshiari Shibata Akio Kobayashi Kyohei Yamashita 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(7):1311-1315
(±)-Sclerotinin A (Scl. A) showed the same promoting activity as natural (+)-Scl. A, which was isolated as a growth promoting substance of rice seedlings from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum along with sclerin. By the combined use of Scl. A and gibberellin, the synergistic effect on the growth of rice seedlings was noticed as in the case of sclerin. Correlation between the chemical structure and biological activity of Scl. A derivatives and analogs was discussed. 相似文献
2.
Yu-Shih Chen 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(3):136-142
A considerable amount of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid was isolated from the culture filtrate of Hypochnus sasakii.p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid induced wilt of soybean plant and retarded the growth of rice seedlings at concentrations up to 1:20,000. The O2 uptake in roots decreased in proportion to reduction of dry weight of rice seedlings. 相似文献
3.
Effects of Melatonin on Growth,Physiology and Gene Expression in Rice Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress
Xiachen Lv Yunxia Fang Lantian Zhang Weiyi Zhang Ling Xu Jingjin Han Bailing Jin Xian Zhang Xiaoqin Zhang Dawei Xue 《Phyton》2019,88(2):91-100
Melatonin (MLT) is a hormonal substance found in many organisms and can improve plant stress resistance. In this study, the japonica rice variety Y32 and indica rice variety NJ6 were cultivated in hydroponics under different concentrations of CdCl2 at the two-leaf stage. The growth, physiological and biochemical responses of the seedlings and the expression of cadmium (Cd)-related genes under exogenous melatonin (MLT) treatment were assessed. The results indicated that Cd stress destroyed the dynamic balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and removal, resulting in ROS accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and impaired growth and development. Following the application of exogenous MLT to rice seedlings, increases in plant biomass including both underground and above-ground areas were observed. MLT also scavenged the inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in a concentration dependent manner in response to Cd stress. Catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) expression also decreased following MLT treatment. Amongst the six Cd-related genes assessed, five genes were down-regulated and one was up-regulated in response to MLT treatment. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MLT improves the resilience of rice seedlings at the biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels, and diminishes the damage caused by Cd stress. 相似文献
4.
Ekaterina Yotsova Martin Stefanov Georgi Rashkov Margarita Kouzmanova Anelia Dobrikova Emilia Apostolova 《Phyton》2022,91(7):1365-1380
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on the rice seedlings at physiological conditions and under cadmium (Cd) stress. We examined the effects of C. vulgaris in the nutrient solution on rice seedlings grown hydroponically in the presence and the absence of 150 μM CdCl2, using the low (77 K) temperature and pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 photooxidation measurements, photochemical activities of both photosystems, kinetic parameters of oxygen evolution, oxidative stress markers (MDA, H2O2 and proline), pigment content, growth parameters and Cd accumulation. Data revealed that the application C. vulgaris not only stimulates growth and improves the functions of photosynthetic apparatus under physiological conditions, but also reduces the toxic effect of Cd on rice seedlings. Furthermore, the presence of the green microalgae in the nutrient solution of the rice seedlings during Cd exposure, significantly improved the growth, photochemical activities of both photosystems, the kinetic parameters of the oxygen-evolving reactions, pigment content and decreased lipid peroxidation, H2O2 and proline content. Data showed that the alleviation of Cd-induced effects in rice seedlings is a result of the Cd sorption by microalgae, as well as the reduced Cd accumulation in the roots and its translocation from the roots to the shoots. 相似文献
5.
Characterization of sunlight-grown transgenic rice plants expressing Arabidopsis phytochrome A 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kong Sam-Geun Lee Dae-Seok Kwak Su-Nam Kim Ju-Kon Sohn Jae-Keun Kim In-Soo 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2004,14(1):35-46
Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) overexpressing Arabidopsis phytochrome A (phyA) was cultivated up to the T3 generation in paddy to elucidate the role of phyA in determining the plant architecture and the productivity of sunlight-grown rice plants. PhyA is light-labile and controls plant growth in response to the far-red light-dependent high-irradiance response as well as the very low fluence response. The Arabidopsis phyA gene linked to the rice rbcS promoter was transformed into embryogenic rice calli, and the calli were regenerated to whole plants. Compared to wild-type seedlings, the rbcS::PHYA transgenic seedlings contained more phyA when grown in the dark, and at least 10-fold more phyA when exposed to white light. When grown in paddy, the phyA transgenic plants in general exhibited reduced plant height (dwarfing), larger grain size, higher chlorophyll content, smaller tiller number, and low grain fertility compared to wild-type plants. The heading stage was not significantly changed. However, it is likely that a certain level of phyA is a prerequisite for induction of such changes. It is suggested that phyA overproduction in rice could be a useful tool to improve rice grain productivity by the larger grain size that increases grain yield and the dwarfing that tolerates lodging-associated damage. 相似文献
6.
NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME, EC 1.1.1.40) functions in many different pathways in plant and may be involved in plant defense
such as wound and UV-B radiation. Here, expression of the gene encoding cytosolic NADP-ME (cytoNADP-ME, GenBank Accession No. AY444338) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings was induced by salt stress (NaCl). NADP-ME activities in leaves and roots of rice also increased in response
to NaCl. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing rice cytoNADP-ME had a greater salt tolerance at the seedling stage than wild-type plants in MS medium-supplemented with different levels
of NaCl. Cytosolic NADPH/NADP+ concentration ratio of transgenic plants was higher than those of wild-type plants. These results suggest that rice cytoNADP-ME confers salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. 相似文献
7.
Shiveta Sharma Shailendra Sharma Ramesh K. Singh Akhauri Vaishampayan 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(7):1169-1175
Colonization behavior of endophytic bacteria Burkholderia cepacia strains RRE-3 and RRE-5 was studied in the seedlings of rice variety NDR97 using confocal laser scanning microscopy under
controlled laboratory and greenhouse conditions. For studying colonization pattern, bacterial strains were tagged with pHRGFPGUS
plasmid. The role of bacterial strains (both gfp/gus-tagged and untagged) in growth promotion was also studied. After coming into contact with the host root system the bacteria
showed an irregular spreading. Dense colonization was observed on the primary and secondary roots and also on the junction
of emergence of the lateral roots. Results showed that the colonization pattern of Burkholderia cepacia strains was similar to that of other endophytic bacteria isolated from non-legumes. Burkholderia cepacia got entry inside the root at the sites of emergence of lateral roots, without formation of infection threads as in the case
of symbiotic rhizobacteria. Observations suggested that the endophytic bacterial strains RRE-3 and RRE-5 entered inside the
rice roots in a progressive manner. Bacteria were found to line up along the intercellular spaces of adjoining epidermal cells
adjacent to the lateral root junction, indicating endophytic colonization pattern of Burkholderia cepacia strains. Experiments with the rice seedlings inoculated with RRE-3 and RRE-5 strains revealed that both strains enhanced
plant growth considerably when observed under laboratory and greenhouse conditions and produced significantly higher plant
biomass. No considerable difference was observed between the gfp/gus-tagged and non-gfp/gus-tagged strains in the plant growth experiments both in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
8.
Etiolated whole rice seedlings enclosed in sealed vials produced ethylene at a rate of 0.9 picomole per hour per seedling. When 2-centimeter-long shoots were subdivided into 5-millimeter-long sections, the sections containing the tip of the shoot evolved 37% of the total ethylene with the remaining 63% being produced along a gradient decreasing to the base of the shoot. The tip of the coleoptile also had the highest level of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and of the ethylene-forming enzyme activity. Ethylene is one of the factors controlling coleoptile elongation. Decapitation of the seedling reduced ethylene evolution to one-third its original level and inhibited coleoptile growth. In short-term experiments, the growth rate of decapitated seedlings was restored to almost that of intact seedlings by application of ethylene at a concentration of 10 microliters per liter. Apart from ethylene, O2 also participates in the control of coleoptile growth. When rice seedlings were grown in a gas mixture of N2 and O2, the length of the coleoptiles reached a maximum at a concentration of 2.5% O2. Lower and higher concentrations of O2 reduced coleoptile growth. The effect of exogenous ethylene on coleoptile growth was also O2 dependent. 相似文献
9.
Supaporn Hasthanasombut Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana Masahiro Mii Ikuo Nakamura 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,104(1):79-89
Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) is a major oxidative enzyme that converts betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine (GB),
an osmoprotectant compound in plants. Japonica rice (salt-sensitive) was genetically engineered to enhance salt tolerance
by introducing the OsBADH1 gene from Indica rice (salt-tolerant), which is a GB accumulator. We produced transgenic rice plants overexpressing the modified
OsBADH1 gene under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. The transgenic rice showed increased OsBADH1 gene expression and OsBADH1 enzyme production, resulting in the accumulation of GB. It also exhibited enhanced salt tolerance
in immature and mature transgenic rice seedlings. The adverse effect of salt stress on seed germination, the growth of immature
and mature seedlings, water status, and photosynthetic pigments was alleviated in transgenic seedlings. 相似文献
10.
Emel'yanov V. V. Kirchikhina N. A. Lastochkin V. V. Chirkova T. V. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2003,50(6):827-834
A comparative analysis of the effects of anoxia on growth, fresh weight gain, and phytohormones in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings was performed. In both plant species, a total cessation of root growth occurred during the initial hours of anoxia. In an anaerobic environment, the fresh weight of wheat seedlings decreased. An increase in the shoot length and weight under the stress conditions was found only in rice seedlings. During the initial hours of anoxia, the level of free ABA in wheat and rice tissues increased manifold, and the accumulation of a free ABA form occurred at the expense of the hydrolysis of its bound forms. The IAA content in plant tissues also increased. In wheat, the accumulation of IAA was short, but in rice, a high hormone level was retained during the entire experiment, and, as a result, its concentration exceeded that of ABA. A level of cytokinins in the tissues of both plant species was affected by anoxia to a lesser extent than that of other phytohormones. This level somewhat decreased under anoxia similarly to the level in darkness under aeration. It is suggested that IAA accumulation in hypoxia-tolerant rice seedlings under anoxia favors maintenance of shoot growth and simultaneous inhibition of root growth. At the same time, in the hypoxia-sensitive wheat, an increase in the ABA level resulted in growth cessation. 相似文献
11.
D. Balachandar G. S. Sandhiya T. C. K. Sugitha K. Kumar 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(7):707-712
Summary Several endophytic diazotrophs were isolated from cultivars of rice and screened for their diazotrophy by nitrogenase assay
and amplification of partial nifH gene. Ability of one of the diazotrophic endophytes, Serratia sp. (isolate EDA2 from cultivar ADT36) to colonize the rice seedlings grown in the presence of flavonoids and growth hormones,
under gnotobiotic condition was assessed in cultivar ADT36 using a strain marked with transposon-based egfp and Km
r
. The endophytic colonization was monitored through re-isolation from different parts of rice seedlings in LB+Km plates. Addition
of the flavonoids quercetin and diadzein to the growth medium increased the extent of endophytic colonization of the conjugant
in rice seedlings by colonizing throughout the plant. Population and in planta nitrogenase activity of Serratia in rice seedlings were significantly increased by addition of flavonoids, quercetin and diadzein, whereas growth hormones,
IAA and NAA reduced the efficiency of Serratia. The inoculation of Serratia sp. with flavonoids increased the plant biomass and biochemical constituents of rice seedlings under controlled condition. 相似文献
12.
The effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on lead tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were investigated. Pre-treatment with 0.1 g m3 ABA for 2 d restricted amount of Pb translocated from roots to shoots, decreased malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents in leaves, and alleviated Pb-induced decrease in plant growth and leaf chlorophyll content. Further, ABA pre-treatment
adjusted leaf antioxidative enzyme activities (increased ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities while decreased superoxide
dismutase activity) and so alleviated oxidative stress. 相似文献
13.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(7):1046-1052
Six 3-methylgibberellin analogs were synthesized, and their effects on the GA 3β-hydroxylases from immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris and Cucurbita maxima, and/or on the growth of dwarf rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Tan-ginbozu) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Spacemaster) were investigated. 3-Methyl-GA5 and 2, 3-didehydro-3-methyl-GA9· inhibited the conversion of [2, 3-3H2]GA9 to [2-3H]GA4 by GA 3β-hydroxylases from both P. vulgaris and C. maxima at 3 μM and higher. Their C/D-ring-rearranged isomers, 2, 3-didehydro-3-methyl-DGC and 16-deoxo-2, 3-didehydro-3-methyl-DGC, inhibited 3β-hydroxylation by the enzyme from P. vulgaris threefold more strongly than the non-C/D-ring-rearranged compounds, but exhibited no effect on 3β-hydroxylation by the enzyme from C. maxima. In a dwarf rice seedling assay, 3-methyl-GA5 and 2, 3-didehydro-3-methyl-GA9 promoted shoot elongation at doses of 300 ng/plant and higher, and 3α-methyl-GA1 and 3α-methyl-GA4 at doses of 30 ng/plant and higher. In contrast 2, 3-didehydro-3-methyl-DGC inhibited shoot growth to half that of the control at a dose of 300 ng/plant, and 16-deoxo-2, 3-didehydro-3-methyl-DGC showed no effect on growth. In a cucumber seedling assay, 3α-methyl-GA4 promoted hypocotyl elongation at doses of 300 ng/plant and higher. The other C-3 methyl compounds showed no effect on the hypocotyl elongation of cucumber seedlings. 相似文献
14.
Triacontanol (TRIA) increases the dry weight and alters the metabolism of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings within 10 min of application to either the shoots or roots. This activity is prevented if octacosanol (OCTA, C28 primary alcohol) is applied with the TRIA on the roots or shoots. Triacontanol activity is also stopped if the OCTA is applied at least 1 min before the TRIA on the opposite part of the seedling.Triacontanol rapidly elicits a second messenger that moves rapidly throughout the plant resulting in stimulation of growth (dry-weight increase) and water uptake. Octacosanol also produces a second messenger that inhibits TRIA activity. We have named the putative secondary messengers elicited by TRIA and OCTA, TRIM and OCTAM, respectively. The water-soluble TRIM extracted from plants treated with TRIA increases the growth of rice seedlings about 50% more than extracts from untreated plants, within 24 h of application. Both OCTAM and OCTA inhibit the activity of TRIA but not of TRIM.The TRIA messenger was isolated from rice roots within 1 min of a foliar application of TRIA. The TRIM elicited by TRIA will pass through a 4-mm column of water connecting cut rice shoots with their roots and can also be recovered from water in which cut stems of TRIA-treated plants have been immersed. Triacontanol applied to oat (Avena sativa L.) or tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) shoots connected to rice roots by a 4-mm water column also results in the appearance of TRIM in rice roots.Abbreviations OCTA
octacosanol
- OCTAM
second messenger elicited by OCTA
- TAS
tallow alkyl sulfate
- TRIA
triacontanol
- TRIM
second messenger elicited by TRIA
Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Article No. 12001 相似文献
15.
γ‐Aminobutyric acid addition alleviates ammonium toxicity by limiting ammonium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings
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Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has increased ammonium (NH4+) accumulation in many paddy soils to levels that reduce rice vegetative biomass and yield. Based on studies of NH4+ toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa, Nanjing 44) seedlings cultured in agar medium, we found that NH4+ concentrations above 0.75 mM inhibited the growth of rice and caused NH4+ accumulation in both shoots and roots. Use of excessive NH4+ also induced rhizosphere acidification and inhibited the absorption of K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn in rice seedlings. Under excessive NH4+ conditions, exogenous γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment limited NH4+ accumulation in rice seedlings, reduced NH4+ toxicity symptoms and promoted plant growth. GABA addition also reduced rhizosphere acidification and alleviated the inhibition of Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn absorption caused by excessive NH4+. Furthermore, we found that the activity of glutamine synthetase/NADH‐glutamate synthase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2/NADH‐GOGAT; EC1.4.1.14) in root increased gradually as the NH4+ concentration increased. However, when the concentration of NH4+ is more than 3 mM, GABA treatment inhibited NH4+‐induced increases in GS/NADH‐GOGAT activity. The inhibition of ammonium assimilation may restore the elongation of seminal rice roots repressed by high NH4+. These results suggest that mitigation of ammonium accumulation and assimilation is essential for GABA‐dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity in rice seedlings. 相似文献
16.
In this study, we investigated the possible role of hemin in alleviating zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) toxicity in rice seedlings grown hydroponically by analyzing the morphological and physiological parameters. Our results showed that exposure of rice seedlings to excess Zn, Pb or Cr could cause severe leaf chlorosis, inhibit photosynthetic activity and consequently suppress plant growth. The concentration of O2 ?? and H2O2 significantly increased and the activities of antioxidative enzymes decreased in roots of rice seedlings under metal exposure. The combined treatments (hemin?+?ZnSO4, hemin?+?Pb(NO3)2 and hemin?+?K2Cr2O7), on the other hand, significantly enhanced the photosynthesis- and plant growth-related parameters compared with their corresponding heavy-metal-stress alone. Combined treatments dramatically stimulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbic peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as the concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) as compared with the metal- stress alone. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS, e.g. O2 ?? and H2O2) were significantly reduced in the metal plus hemin treatments. Hemin addition also reduced metal accumulation in rice seedlings especially in root tissues. These findings suggest that hemin-elevated levels of antioxidants, activities of antioxidative enzymes and hemin-reduced accumulation of heavy-metal could confer resistance against Zn, Pb, and Cr stress in rice seedlings, resulting in improved pigments accumulation, photosynthetic attributes and plant growth. 相似文献
17.
Paclobutrazol [(2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1h-1,2,4-trizol-1-yl)penten-3-ol] effectively decreased vegetative growth of rice
(Oryza sativa L.) seedlings and increased the chlorophyll content. The number of veins in a leaf, the calculated number of stomata per
leaf, and the length of guard cells were not altered by the paclobutrazol treatment, suggesting an effect on cell elongation.
The allocation pattern of carbohydrates was changed by either gibberellin (GA) or paclobutrazol treatment. GA3 induced more shoot growth and less accumulation of starch than the control and paclobutrazol-treated seedlings. Photosynthetic
ability was not affected by either paclobutrazol or GA3 treatment. Paclobutrazol-treated plants allocated a smaller amount of photosynthates for vegetative shoot growth and stored
more as starch in the crowns than the control and GA3-treated plants. The same starch degrading activity in the crown tissue of paclobutrazol-treated seedlings as in control plants
suggests that the accumulated starch is utilized in a normal activity for growth including leaf emergence, tiller formation,
and root production, resulting in improved seedling quality.
Received May 30, 1996; accepted December 10, 1996 相似文献
18.
Sunyo Jung Jung Sung Chung Sang-Uk Chon Yong In Kuk Hee Jae Lee Ja Ock Guh Kyoungwhan Back 《Plant Growth Regulation》2004,42(3):283-288
Transgenic rice plants expressing a Bacillus subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox), the last shared enzyme of the porphyrin pathway, in the cytoplasm (C89) or the plastids
(P72) were compared with wild-type rice plants in their growth characteristics. Production of tiller buds 18 d after seeding
was more profuse in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants, especially in plastid-targeted plants. Transgenic plants had
12–27% increase in tiller number and 17–33% increase in above-ground biomass compared with wild-type plants 4 and 8 weeks
after transplanting of 2-week-old rice seedlings, demonstrating that tiller production and above-ground biomass correlate
with each other. Cytoplasm-expressed and plastid-targeted transgenic plants also had a distinct phenotypic characteristic
of narrower and more horizontal leaves than wild-type plants. Phenotypic and anatomical characteristics of the transgenic
plants were clearly different from wild-type plants, indicating that regulation of porphyrin biosynthesis by expression of
B. subtilis Protox in rice influences morphological characteristics of plant growth as well as biomass. 相似文献
19.
20.
Makoto Taniguchi Masanori Yamaguchi Yukio Satomura 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(4):819-825
A viridicatin derivative having anti-auxin action, i.e. 3-(4-phenylcarbostyriloxy)acetic acid (V-OCH2COOH) was found to increase the formation of both IAA (indole-3-acetic acid)-oxidase and -synthetase in rice and pea seedlings. With the IAA synthetase, the activity on indolepyruvic acid was markedly increased. V-OCH2COOH stimulated the induction ofIAA oxidase in the excised segments from pea epicotyl, but did not IAA synthetase. The effect of V-OCH2COOH on the former was inhibited by cycloheximide. Activity of the IAA oxidase extracted from pea epicotyl and dialyzed was also stimulated by V-OCH2COOH in the presence of a cofactor such as 2,4-dichlorophenol. Effect of IAA per se on enzyme regulation was tested in parallel and discussed. 相似文献