The incorporation of mevalonate-2-14C into ipomeamarone in sweet potato root tissue infected by Ceratocystis fimbriata was demonstrated, but the rate was low when compared with acetate-2-14C. No dilution effect of mevalonate was noted during the incorporation of acetate-2-14C into ipomeamarone. This is very likely to result from the passive transfer of mevalonate into the cells.
No dilution effect of acetate during the incorporation of mevalonate-2-14C into ipomeamarone was noted. This indicates that mevalonate is not incorporated into ipomeamarone after its conversion to acetate.
Evidence for incorporation of acetate-2-14C into mevalonate was shown by the fact that the specific radioactivity of mevalonic acid benzhydrylamide was not lowered throughout repetitive crystallizations. These data also support the participation of mevalonate in ipomeamarone synthesis as an intermediate.
The 1C conformation was estimated for α-d-galactopyranosiduronic acid moiety of pectic acid in the permethylated derivative dissolved in 1 n NaOD-D2O and in the peracetylated derivative dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6, and the C1 conformation was estimated for some derivatives of d-galactopyranuronic acid in chloroform-d by NMR spectroscopy.
Random conformation of the whole macromolecule was estimated for pectic acid in water on the basis of no appearance of any induced Cotton effects in the 200 ~ 700 mμ region in the ORD spectra of pectic acid-anionic dye complexes.
The conformation was supported by the fact that the rate of periodate oxidation of pectic acid at 5° was slightly decreased in comparison with that of amylase in 7 m urea solution.
Very useful nitrogen source: Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid
Useful nitrogen source: Alanine, Diammonium citrate
Insufficient nitrogen source: Glycine, Proline
Harmful for chick growth: Serine
1. Zenker's solution 4 hours at 37°C or Dominici's 3 hours.
2. 70% alcohol, 12 to 18 hours at room temperature.
3. 80% alcohol, about 5 to 6 hours.
4. 90% alcohol, about 4 to 6 hours.
5. Absolute alcohol about 16 hours.
6. Ether and absolute alcohol aa, about 8 hours.
7. 16 to 24 hours in the following mixture: celloidin 1 g., methyl salycilate 25 cc., abs. alcohol 25 cc., ether 25 cc.
8. Chloroform and paraffin, 2 to 3 hours.
10. Paraffin, 1 to 1 1/2 hours.
11. Embed.
1. Cut sections 4 to 5 μ.
2. Bring section to water and cover with Lugol's iodine for 10 minutes.
3. Decolorize with a 2% sodium thiosulfate (hypo).
4. Wash thoroly with water.
5. Cover with a mixture of equal parts of 0.5% phloxine and 1% eosin Y (National Aniline brand) and leave for 15 minutes.
6. Wash with water and stain 2 to 5 minutes in 0.1% azure B (National Aniline).
7. Wash with 96% alcohol and decolorize in a mixture of 2 parts absolute alcohol with 1 part clove oil, ordinarily for not more than 1/2 to 1 minute.
8. Dehydrate rapidly, clear, and mount in Yucatan Elemi.
- 1.1. The fatty acid composition of the triglyceride fraction of mink milk sampled during mid-lactation (day 28 post partum) from two nursing mink was compared to that of plasma samples and to the fatty acid composition of the feed rations used.
- 2.2. Chemical analysis of the triglyceride composition of mink milk demonstrated only minute concentrations of fatty acids with a chain length below C14.
- 3.3. The saturated C16:0- and C18:0-unit fatty acids in mink milk made up for 24–40% of the total amount of fatty acids extracted, the remainder being represented by mono and polyunsaturated long-chain (C16-C24) fatty acids.
- 4.4. Preliminary in vitro experiments proved the incorporation of14C-labelled glucose, acetate or palmitate into triacylglycerols in cultures of mink mammary tissue to be linear for at least 2 hr.
- 5.5. The in vitro capacity for de novo fatty acid synthesis in mink mammary tissue using 14C-labelled glucose or acetate was low, i.e. ranging from 0.096–0.109 nmol/g (fresh tissue)/min, and amounted to only about 5% of that obtained in the case of [14C]palmitic acid incubation.
- 6.6. Following 14C-labeIled acetic or palmitic acid incubation of mink mammary tissue neither desaturation nor chain elongation was observed.
- 7.7. In response to long-term feeding on rations with two different sources of animal fat (F = fish oil or L = lard) the influence of compositional changes in dietary neutral lipids on the fatty acid composition of the lipids of mink milk is discussed.
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inefficiency of the purification procedure;
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surface denaturation;
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imperfect freeze-drying of the final product; and
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factors yet unknown vhich cause alteration in the immoglobulins or other protein components not ellminated by the purification procedures.
The catalase activity of Candida tropicalis pK 233 was induced by hydrocarbons but not by glucose, galactose, ethanol, acetate or lauryl alcohol.
The induction of the catalase activity depending upon hydrocarbons was sensitive to cycloheximide but not to chloramphenicol.
Glucose repressed strongly the induction of the catalase activity by hydrocarbons but galactose did not affect seriously.
When C. tropicalis was incubated with hydrocarbons, the appearance of microbodies was observed electronmicroscopicaliy.
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In L3‐Stadien von A. pisum sind zwischen 55 und 85 potentielle Bakteriocyten vorhanden, von dene ca. 60–80 % besiedelt sind.
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Eine Reduktion des besiedelten Anteils in der F1‐Generation auf unter 50% läßt eine deutliche Depression in der F2‐Generation erwarten.
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Das Kriterium Embryonenlänge ist großen Schwankungen unterworfen und eignet sich nur bedingt als Unterscheidungsmerkmal.
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Die von Fröhlich (1990) vorgeschlagene Methodik zum Symbiontizidscreening bei A. pisum mit dem Standard OTC 2000 ppm und der Auszählung der mit TTC angefärbten Bakteriocyten unter dem Mikroskop läßt eine praktikable Testung von Substanzen auf symbiontizide Wirkung bei A. pisum zu. Es wird jedoch als günstiger angesehen, nicht die Larven mit den Pflanzen zu behandeln, wie von Fröhlich (1990) vorgeschlagen, sondern erst nach dem Antrocknen des Spritzbelages Adulte zur Erzeugung von F1‐Larven anzusetzen.
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Es konnte eindeutig nachgewiesen werden, daß die von den Prüfsubstanzen hervorgerufenen aphiziden Effekte, insbesondere durch Cycloheximid (100/500 ppm) sowie Neemkernextrakt (50%), nicht auf einem symbiontiziden Wirkungsmechanismus beruhen (Ausnahme Oxytetracyclin 2000 ppm als Standard).
l-Aspartate was found to replace l-asparagine in the protective action from acid inactivation of l-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) produced by Escherichia coli A–1–3 and at the same time to inhibit the proteolytic inactivation by α-chymotrypsin.
l-Asparaginase changed in its chromatographic properties in the presence of l-aspartate and became to be absorbed on the CM Sephadex column.
The sedimentation patterns of l-asparaginase at pH 3.5 were identical either in the presence or absence of l-aspartate, showing partial dissociation. But the reversibility to the active state was observed only in the enzyme dissolved in the solution containing l-aspartate.
l-Aspartate did not prevent the enzyme either from the dissociation into subunits or from decrease in the activity by urea.
High concentration of l-aspartate was shown to inhibit the l-asparagine hydrolysis reaction.
l-Aspartate was suggested from ORD measurements to cause changes in the higher structure as well as the ionic properties or proteolytic inactivation.
- 1.1. Two columnar cacti in the Sonoran Desert, agria and organpipe, contain medium chain (C8−C12) fatty acids.
- 2.2. Necrotic tissues of these cacti serve as feeding and breeding substrates for Drosophila mojavensis but not D. nigrospiracula.
- 3.3. Results show that capric and lauric acids are the predominant fatty acids of both cacti.
- 4.4. Fatty acid chain length exhibits a differential effect on larval viability with caprylic acid (Q) having the greatest and myristic acid (C14) having the least effect.
- 5.5. Drosophila mojavensis is more tolerant of free fatty acids than D. nigrospiracula, and this partly explains the ability of D. mojavensis to utilize agria and organpipe cacti.
- 1.1. In eels captured in Roskilde Fjord in 1972 and 1975, a specifically enhanced synthesis was found from 14C-acetate of 14C-labelled mono-unsaturated fatty acids (C16:1 and C18:1) relative to saturated fatty acids (C16:0 and C18:0) in sea water 4 days after irradiation (10 Gy, 60Co).
- 2.2. Corresponding experiments in 1976 and 1982 showed rather the opposite: irradiation resulted in more 14C-labelled saturated fatty acids relative to unsaturated fatty acids, both in fresh and sea water.
- 3.3. The latter effect was less marked than that in 1972 and 1975, but still statistically clearly significant.
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Determine concernsby using risk assessment techniques for various scenarios.
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Identify the consequences by systematically identifying hazards.
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Undertake calculations by using relevant models.
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Evaluate certainties, uncertainties, and probabilities involved in the calculations of the vulnerability and of the exposure.
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Compare with criteriato assess the need for further action.
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Determine and act on options to control, mitigate, and adapt to the risk.
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Communicatethe results to those who need to know.
The most suitable carbon source for 5-ketofructose fermentation by Gluconobacter suboxydans Strain 1 was confirmed to be d-sorbitol or l-sorbose using growing and resting cells. d-Fructose had little effect on the formation of this dicarbonylhexose.
The optimal pH for the formation from l-sorbose by intact cells was found to be at 4.2.
The activity of the pentose phosphate cycle in the resting cells was calculated as 13~17 μatoms/hr/mg of dry cells by the use of the manometric techniques.
There was no strain tested so far which could accumulate a large amount of 5- keto-d-fructose from d-sorbitol except this bacterium.
The experimental results shown in this paper makes the prediction that a certain dehydrogenating system of l-sorbose is functional in the organism, and the metabolic pathways of d-sorbitol via l-sorbose and 5-keto-d-fructose is proposed.
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the activity of some glycolytic enzymes increases greatly (81% and 400% increase of, respectively, Gl-6-P-dehydrogenase and aldolase) upon incubation of dry seeds for few hours at 4 °C.
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The decrease of enzyme activity upon dehydration of seeds and the increase during the subsequent imbibition can be shown reproducibly.
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This same observation is made for oxygen uptake.
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l'archisporio è pluricellulare e possono svilupparis talvolta pi[ugrave] cellule madri;
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normalmente solo una cellula madre arriva a maturità;
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delle quattro megaspore solo una è fertile e precisamente la pi[ugrave] calazale;
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lo sviluppo del gametofito è del tipo Normale cioè Monomegasporiale con oangio emisporiale.
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Nyssodrysilla nov. gen. mit N. irrorata (Melzer) aus Brasilien als Generotype, N. viliata (Melzer), comb, nov., aus Brasilien und N. lineata nov. spec, aus Peru.
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Nyssodrysola nov. gen. mit N. stictica nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Sciadosurus nov. gen. mit S. albobrunneus nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Acarinozineus nov. gen. mit A. striatus nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype und A. spinicornis nov. spec, aus Mexiko.
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Alcathousites nov. gen. mit A. chaclacayoi nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Xylergatina nov. gen. mit X. pulcher (Lane) aus Peru als Generotype.
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Xylergatoides nov. gen. mit X. asper (Bates) aus Brasilien und Argentinien als Generotype.
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Xylergates Bates, Generotype X. lacteus (Bates), mit Beschreibung der beiden neuen Arten X. elaineae aus Peru und X. dorotheae aus Britisch‐Guayana.
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Chaetanes Bates, Generotype C. setiger (Bates), mit Beschreibung der drei neuen Arten C. costulatus aus Peru, C. nigrobasalis aus Brasilien und C. apicalis aus Französisch‐Guayana.
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Wo es erforderlich ist, sind Bestimmungstabellen gebracht und die Arten abgebildet.
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Identification of skulls
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Taxonomic situation of the vicugna
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Origin of the alpaca.