Characterization of a chitinase gene (chiA) from Serratia marcescens BJL200 and one-step purification of the gene product

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of the chiA gene from Serratia marcescens strain BJL200 was determined. The gene was found to encode a protein of 563 amino acid residues, with a typical N-terminal signal peptide of 23 residues, that is cleaved off during export. The gene exhibited striking differences with two previously characterized chiA genes of S. marcescens in the region corresponding to amino acid residues 410–467 of the gene product. Periplasmic fractions of an Escherichia coli strain harbouring the cloned gene were used as starting material for the development of a fast, one-step purification protocol for the chitinase that is based on hydrophobic interaction chromatography.     

疏水层析分离正确折叠与错误折叠的复合干扰素

采用疏水层析纯化重组复合干扰素,成功去除了复性过程中产生的错误折叠体、聚集体及杂蛋白,并考察了配基类型、盐浓度、pH值和流速对疏水层析纯化效果的影响,结果表明采用ButylSepharose 4FastFlow、硫酸铵初始浓度0.8mol/L、缓冲液pH值8.3、线流速为90cm h时疏水层析纯化效果最佳,最终目标蛋白反相高效液相色谱检测纯度达到99.6% ,还原及非还原型SDS PAGE电泳均呈单一条带,其比活为2.3×10⁹IU/mg,回收率为36.7%。     

A rapid and universal tandem-purification strategy for recombinant proteins

A major goal in the production of therapeutic proteins, subunit vaccines, as well as recombinant proteins needed for structure determination and structural proteomics is their recovery in a pure and functional state using the simplest purification procedures. Here, we report the design and use of a novel tandem (His)(6)-calmodulin (HiCaM) fusion tag that combines two distinct purification strategies, namely, immobilized metal affinity (IMAC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), in a simple two-step procedure. Two model constructs were generated by fusing the HiCaM purification tag to the N terminus of either the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or the human tumor suppressor protein p53. These fusion constructs were abundantly expressed in Escherichia coli and rapidly purified from cleared lysates by tandem IMAC/HIC to near homogeneity under native conditions. Cleavage at a thrombin recognition site between the HiCaM-tag and the constructs readily produced untagged, functional versions of eGFP and human p53 that were >97% pure. The HiCaM purification strategy is rapid, makes use of widely available, high-capacity, and inexpensive matrices, and therefore represents an excellent approach for large-scale purification of recombinant proteins as well as small-scale protein array designs.     

黏质沙雷氏菌L15-2几丁质酶的分离纯化与性质研究

几丁质酶高产菌株黏质沙雷氏菌L15-2在含有1%胶体几丁质、0.3%K2HPO4、0.3%KH2PO4、0.05%MgSO4、0.05?Cl2、0.001?SO4的产酶培养基中37℃培养4 d后,粗酶液经过DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow和Seph-adex G-100,电泳检测得到电泳纯的几丁质酶。该酶的性质特征测定结果表明,该几丁质酶的分子量为41.314 kD;最适作用温度为50℃,最适作用pH为6.6;在60℃之前热稳定性较好,在pH 4~10范围内较稳定;各种金属离子对酶活力影响不同,Fe2 、Zn2 抑制作用明显,而Ba2 、Mn2 、Ca2 对酶活性有一定的促进作用。几丁质酶对致病真菌的抑制作用也很明显。     

十二节杆菌胞外脂肪酶的纯化和性质研究

十二节杆菌发酵得到的胞外脂肪酶,在5L发酵罐经过34h培养,最高酶活可达75 U/mL。通过硫酸铵梯度沉淀和疏水层析纯化,脂肪酶纯化26倍,总得率24.3%。SDS-PAGE显示脂肪酶分子量为33 kD,脂肪酶在40℃和pH 7.0时酶活力最高,同时在24℃经过48h仍保持一半左右的活力。该脂肪酶的酶活受K ,Mg2 激活,而受Zn2 与Co2 的抑制。     

An alternative purification method for human serum paraoxonase 1 and its interactions with anabolic compounds

In this study, an alternative purification method for human paraoxonase 1 (hPON1) enzyme was developed using two-step procedures, namely, ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sepharose-4B-l-tyrosine-3-aminophenantrene hydrophobic interaction chromatography. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme indicates a single band with an apparent M_W of 43?kDa. The enzyme was purified 219-fold with a final specific activity of 4?408?400?U/mg and a yield of 10%. Furthermore, we examined the in vitro effects of some anabolic compounds, such as zeranol, 17 β-estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, oxytocin, and trenbolone on the enzyme activity to understand the better inhibitory properties of these molecules. The five anabolic compounds dose dependently decreased the activity of hPON1 with inhibition constants in the millimolar–micromolar range. The results show that these compounds exhibit inhibitory effects on hPON1 at low concentrations with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.064 to 16.900?µM.     

一种新型的琼脂糖疏水层析介质开发及其在重组乙肝表面抗原(CHO-HBsAg)分离纯化中的应用

以粒径均一的国产高交联度快速流琼脂糖为基质,采用活化、交联等步骤合成了针对分离纯化CHO-HBsAg的3C间臂的丁基琼脂糖疏水介质,通过控制丁基配基密度提高分离HBsAg的纯化倍数和回收率,获得了纯化倍数约20、HBsAg回收率约80%的介质。评估了合成介质的理化性质,流速为500cm/h时柱压力小于0.06MPa,表明介质具有较高的机械强度和良好的流动性能,介质经过酸、碱、变性剂等处理后化学性质稳定。将介质合成工艺进一步放大到2L介质/批,应用到HBsAg分离纯化的三步层析整和工艺中,结果表明,批量合成的疏水介质,HBsAg回收率与进口介质相当,HBsAg终产品纯度在95%以上,符合国家药典要求。最后考察了介质合成批次间的配基密度的可控性和单批次合成介质的重复使用性,结果表明,合成工艺和介质的重复性能满足产业化要求,这种成本低的介质有望替代目前工业生产广泛使用的进口疏水介质。     

大熊猫脑钙调素的纯化及性质研究

以大熊猫脑为材料,经提取、热处理、Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B疏水柱和快速液相分子筛层析,分离纯化得到CaM.经SDS-PAGE、 PAGE和IEF鉴定,得到的CaM为一条带.经测定,大熊猫脑CaM的分子质量为19 ku,等电点为3.8.酶活性实验表明大熊猫脑CaM对牛心磷酸二酯酶有激活作用.氨基酸组成分析结果与其他来源CaM相近.     

Studies in Oxadiazoles Synthesis of Some 2-Mercapto-l,3,4-oxadiazoles and Related Compounds as Potential Fungicides

Several 2-mercapto-5-substituted-l,3,4-oxadiazoles, alkyl and aralkyl oxadiazolyl sulphides, disulphides and sulphones have been prepared. A representative number of these compounds have been tested against two fungal species.     

Evaluation of exosome loading characteristics in their purification via a glycerol-assisted hydrophobic interaction chromatography method on a polyester,capillary-channeled polymer fiber phase

Exosomes are membrane-secreted vesicles, with sizes ranging from 30 to 150 nm, which play key roles in intercellular communication. There is intense interest in developing methods to isolate and quantify exosomes toward clinical diagnostics, fundamental studies of intercellular processes, and use of exosomes as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. Current methods for exosomes isolation and quantification are time consuming and have operational high costs; few combine isolation and quantification into a singular operation unit. This report describes the use of hydrophobic interaction chromatography on a polyester capillary-channeled polymer fiber column, employing a step gradient for exosome elution, including use of glycerol as a solvent modifier. The entire procedure is completed in 8 min, while maintaining the structural integrity and biological activity of the isolated exosomes. Electron microscopy was used to verify the size and structural fidelity of single exosomes. Absorbance response curves for a commercial exosome sample were used for exosome quantification in the chromatographic separations. In order to determine the dynamic loading capacity for exosomes, different volumes of Dictyostelium discoideum cell culture milieu supernatant were loaded at different column lengths (5–30 cm) and loading flow rates (0.2–0.5 ml/min). A loading capacity of 5.4 × 10¹² exosomes derived from D. discoideum milieu was obtained on a 0.8 × 300 mm column; yielding recoveries of over 80%. It is believed that this isolation and purification strategy holds many advantages toward the use of exosomes across a wide breadth of medical and biotechnology applications.     

Development of a polishing step using a hydrophobic interaction membrane adsorber with a PER.C6®‐derived recombinant antibody

Membrane chromatography has already proven to be a powerful alternative to polishing columns in flow‐through mode for contaminant removal. As flow‐through utilization has expanded, membrane chromatography applications have included the capturing of large molecules, including proteins such as IgGs. Such bind‐and‐elute applications imply the demand for high binding capacity and larger membrane surface areas as compared to flow‐through applications. Given these considerations, a new Sartobind Phenyl? membrane adsorber was developed for large‐scale purification of biomolecules based on hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) principles. The new hydrophobic membrane adsorber combines the advantages of membrane chromatography—virtually no diffusion limitation and shorter processing time—with high binding capacity for proteins comparable to that of conventional HIC resins as well as excellent resolution. Results from these studies confirmed the capability of HIC membrane adsorber to purify therapeutic proteins with high dynamic binding capacities in the range of 20 mg‐MAb/cm³‐membrane and excellent impurity reduction. In addition the HIC phenyl membrane adsorber can operate at five‐ to ten‐fold lower residence time when compared to column chromatography. A bind/elute purification step using the HIC membrane adsorber was developed for a recombinant monoclonal antibody produced using the PER.C6® cell line. Loading and elution conditions were optimized using statistical design of experiments. Scale‐up is further discussed, and the performance of the membrane adsorber is compared to a traditional HIC resin used in column chromatography. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 105: 296–305. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Fractionation of Trichoderma Reesei Cellulases by Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose

Trichoderma reesei cellulase complex was fractionated using hydrophobic interaction chromatography with a phenyl-Sepharose column. Using a linear gradient of ammonium sulphate in the eluent buffer, a selective separation of endoglucanases was obtained at 15 degrees C with a four-fold increase in specific activity.     

Studies on the retention of plasmid DNA and Escherichia coli nucleic acids by hydrophobic interaction chromatography

This work presents studies on the interactions of supercoiled plasmid DNA and Escherichia coli genomic DNA (gDNA) and RNA, with an hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) gel, obtained by derivatisation of Sepharose CL-6B with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether. Nucleic acids purified from E. coli were injected separately in the above HIC column and eluted with 1.5 M (NH₄)₂SO₄ in the buffer. The column was able to separate single-stranded from double-stranded nucleic acids. RNA and denatured gDNA were retarded in a different way due to the interactions of the exposed hydrophobic bases with the ligands. Supercoiled plasmid DNA, on the contrary, eluted in the flowthrough. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

用疏水色谱法复性并同时纯化重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子

目的：建立一种简单、快速复性并同时纯化大肠杆菌表达的重组人粒细胞一巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（rhGM-CSF）的方法。方法：研究rhGM-CSF在疏水色谱（HIC）上的复性和纯化机理,并对固定相和流动相进行选择和优化,包括固定相配基、流动相中盐的种类、流动相pH值、流动相中还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）的比例,以及流动相中尿素的浓度。结果：优化后的固定相为PEG600,流动相中的盐为（NH4）2SO4,流动相pH值为7．0,流动相中添加2．0mol／L尿素、1．8mmol／LGSH和0-3mmol／LGSSG。在优化条件下,HIC可使rhGM-CSF在分离纯化的同时得到复性,比活达1．58×10^7U／mg,纯度为95．7％,质量回收率为56．8％。结论：建立的疏水色谱复性和纯化工艺可简化操作步骤,缩短生产周期。     

Evaluation of Escherichia coli proteins that burden nonaffinity-based chromatography as a potential strategy for improved purification performance

Escherichia coli is a favored host for rapid, scalable expression of recombinant proteins for academic, commercial, or therapeutic use. To maximize its economic advantages, however, it must be coupled with robust downstream processes. Affinity chromatography methods are unrivaled in their selectivity, easily resolving target proteins from crude lysates, but they come with a significant cost. Reported in this study are preliminary efforts to integrate downstream separation with upstream host design by evaluating co-eluting host proteins that most severely burden two different nonaffinity-based column processes. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and peptidase D were significant contaminants during serial purification of green fluorescent protein (GFP) by hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatography. Ribosomal protein L25 dominated non-target binding of polyarginine-tagged GFP on cation exchange resin. Implications for genetic knockout or site-directed mutagenesis resulting in diminished column retention are discussed for these and other identified contaminants.     

以聚乙二醇为层析伴侣同时制备SOD、过氧化氢酶和血红蛋白

发展了一条从红细胞裂解液中同时制备超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶和血红蛋白的新工艺。采用0 75 %的聚乙二醇600作为层析伴侣,使血红蛋白直接流过阴离子交换层析柱,同时吸附SOD和过氧化氢酶。经过梯度洗脱获得SOD和过氧化氢酶组分,再经过疏水性相互作用层析与凝胶过滤层析相串联,使SOD和过氧化氢酶得到纯化。纯化后的SOD和过氧化氢酶的比活力分别达到15932u/mg和65918u/mg ,血红蛋白的纯度达到99.9%以上。总回收率为:SOD ,47.4% ;过氧化氢酶,29.6% ;血红蛋白,88.7%。     

Modelling and simulation of the adsorption of the lipase from Geotrichum sp. on hydrophobic interaction columns

The Langmuir model fitted well the adsorption isotherms of lipase on the hydrophobic resin. The model parameters, Q _m and k _d, were affected by NaCl concentration: Q _m increased from 31 to 80 U g^–1 resin, and k _d changed from 9.4 to 3 U ml^–1. Column modelling and the simulation data were compared with the experimental data with good agreement. The highest achieved column efficiency was 71%.     

Preparation of a novel hydrophobic affinity cryogel for adsorption of lipase and its utilization as a chromatographic adsorbent for fast protein liquid chromatography

In this study, we have prepared a hydrophobic cryogel for the chromatographic separation of lipase from its aqueous solutions including single protein and protein mixture and also Yarrowia lipolytica cell extract. N‐methacryloyl‐(l )‐phenylalanine methyl ester was used as a monomer to provide the hydrophobic character to the prepared cryogels. The highest adsorption capacity was observed at pH 5.0 at 0.5 mL min^?1 flow rate. The chromatographic separation of lipase was achieved from a binary mixture of lipase:bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lipase:lysozyme, and was also achieved from triple‐mixture of lipase:lysozyme:BSA by using fast protein liquid chromatography. Finally, lipase purification was performed from Yarrowia lipolytica cell extract used as a natural source. These studies have shown that the hydrophobic cryogel has good chromatographic performance for the separation and purification of lipase not only from aqueous solution, but also from cell extract as a natural source of lipase. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:376–382, 2014     

Chromatographic fractionation of Escherichia coli transfer RNA on a new support, naphthoyl-Sepharose.

The noncharged naphthoyl-Sepharose CL-6B has been prepared. Escherichia coli tRNA binds to this new adsorbent in 0.75 M ammonium sulphate at neutral pH at room temperature. Using a negative salt gradient, the tRNAs are eluted in a defined order. The chromatographic pattern is clearly different from those of other commonly used tRNA separation techniques.