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1.
Selected yeasts classified as Candida sake van Uden et Buckley were examined for their physiological, morphological and immunological properties and their DNA relatedness. Candida maltosa Komagata, Nakase et Katsuya is herein recognized as a species separate from C. sake. Candida maltosa was distinguished from C. sake and from C. tropicalis by insignificant DNA reassociation. In addition, C. maltosa was distinguished from C. sake by its higher maximal growth temperature and lower guanine plus cytosine content of its DNA and from C. tropicalis by its failure to utilize soluble starch for growth and its resistance to cycloheximide. The species C. cloacae and C. subtropicalis are placed in synonymy with C. maltosa.  相似文献   

2.
Selected yeast classified as Candida sake van Uden et Buckley were examined for their physiological, morphological and immunological properties and their DNA relatedness. Candida maltosa Komagata, Nakase et Katsuya is herein recognized as a species separate from C. sake, Candida maltosa was distinguished from C. sake and from C. tropicalis by insignificant DNA reassociation. In addition, C. maltosa was distinguished from C. sake by its higher maximal growth temperature and lower guanine plus cytosine content of its DNA and from C. tropicalis by its failure to utilize soluble starch for growth and its resistance to cycloheximide. The species C. cloacae and C. subtropicalis are placed in synonymy with C. maltosa.  相似文献   

3.
热带假丝酵母Candida tropicalis (Castellani )Berkhout和麦芽糖假丝酵母C. maltosaKomagata, Nakase & Katsuya是两种可利用烃类作为碳和能量来源的酵母菌,前者还是一种条件致病菌,可引起系统感染。这两种假丝酵母菌在形态和生理生化性状上非常相似,用常规分类方法不易准确地鉴别。本研究对C. Tropicalis和C maltosa的模式菌株以及中国普通微生物菌种保藏中心(CGMCC)保藏的归于这两个种名下的其它菌株进行了脉冲电泳核型比较分析。发现这两个表型相似的种具有明显不同的染色体DNA分子带型,而同一种内的不同菌株却具有相同或相似的分子核型。C.Tropicalis的特异染色体DNA分子带谱为2条8.5—1.2 Mb的带, 4条2.3-3.4 Mb的带。 C maltosa的特异带谱为: 3~4条分子量在1.1-1.3Mb范围内的带, 1条约为2.2Mb的带以及2-3条大小为3.2-3.5Mb的带。 C tropicalis与C maltosa在染色体DNA分子带型上的差异与二者在可溶性淀粉的同化能力和40℃下的生长能力上的差异具有明显的相关性…  相似文献   

4.
5.
When the cells of an n-alkane-assimilating yeast, Candida maltosa I AM12247, were transferred from a glucose medium to an n-alkane medium, various enzymes are induced in the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome. Cytochrome P-450alk, one of these enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum, was purified after mild solubilization of the membrane, followed by a few steps of chromatography. The enzyme was characterized spectrophotometrically and its N-terminal amino acid sequence (12 residues) was determined.

Using oligonucleotide probes prepared to match parts of the N-terminal amino acid sequence and of the partial cDNA sequence of cytochrome P-450alk of C. maltosa EH 15, we isolated from a gene library of C. maltosa I AM 12247 a clone which had a gene encoding cytochrome P-450a/Ar. By nucleotide sequencing of this gene, the amino acid sequence of this enzyme was deduced. It consisted of 523 amino acids (59,838 daltons), with a non-cleavable signal sequence in the N-terminal region. The structure of this enzyme was compared with some other members of the cytochrome P-450 superfamily.  相似文献   

6.
We clarified the evolutionary position of Candida maltosa, an n-alkane-assimilating yeast, by sequencing the nucleotides of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses showed the close evolutionary relationships of C. maltosa with C. tropicalis, C. viswanathii, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. guilliermondii, forming a sub-group within this genus.  相似文献   

7.
An n-alkane-assimilating strain of Candida tropicalis was selected in sandy soil inoculated with microorganisms from contaminated sites. Competition experiments with n-alkane utilizers from different strain collections confirmed that yeasts overgrow bacteria in sandy soil. Acidification of the soil is one of the colonization factors useful for the yeasts. It can be counteracted by addition of bentonite, a clay mineral with high ion exchange capacity, but not, however, by kaolin. Strains of different yeast species showed different levels of competitiveness. Strains of Arxula adeninivorans, Candida maltosa, and Yarrowia lipolytica overgrew strains of C. tropicalis, C. shehatae or Pichia stipitis. Two strains of C. maltosa and Y. lipolytica coexisted during several serial transfers under microcosm conditions. Received: 20 October 1999 / Received revision: 26 January 2000 / Accepted: 27 January 2000  相似文献   

8.
Summary The yeast Candida maltosa precultivated on liquid n-alkanes utilized different solid n-alkanes (especially C20–C25) in the presence of pristane as an organic phase with rates comparable to, or somewhat larger than, those of liquid n-alkanes. Analysis of cellular fatty acids indicated an assimilation of solid n-alkanes via monoterminal oxidation. The resulting fatty acids with substrate chain length were chain-shortened by C2 units down to an optimal range of chain length from C16 to C18 and incorporated into cellular, lipids directly or after desaturation. The intermediates of chain-shortening with numbers of carbon atoms higher than C18, as well as the unusually long-chain fatty acids of substrate chain length, were detected in trace amounts only. Even-carbon-numbered and odd-numbered fatty acids predominated in experiments with evenchain and odd-chain n-alkanes, respectively. Studies with cerulenin indicated that de novo synthesis of fatty acids was negligible. Oxidation of solid n-alkanes by the yeast C. maltosa yielded fatty acid patterns similar to those of cells grown on liquid n-alkanes.  相似文献   

9.
The inhibitory effects of chlorinated monoaromatic compounds on three hydrocarbonoclastic yeasts grown on glucose or resorcinol were examined. At concentrations of 1.0 M, all of the monoaromatic compounds were inhibitory. When the concentration of chlororesorcinol was significantly reduced (0.0005 M), the inhibition to each yeast was minimized. Extracts of the cultures of yeasts growing on resorcinol plus chlororesorcinol were analyzed for residual resorcinol and chlororesorcinol with high pressure liquid chromatography. Neither compound was detected in the culture broth of Candida maltosa, but several unidentified compounds were present. Only chlororesorcinol was detected in the culture broth of Trichosporon oivide, and both resorcinol and chlororesorcinol were present in extract from cultures of C. tropicalis. Cultures of C. maltosa grown on resorcinol-yeast nitrogen base, washed and suspended in phosphate buffer and subsequently incubated with chlororesorcinol, turned the culture broth a distinct pink color. The data indicate that C. maltosa has the potential to co-metabolize chlororesorcinol. Received: 28 January 1997 / Accepted: 7 March 1997  相似文献   

10.
Five novel representatives of the yeast genus Candida isolated from advanced stages of wood degradation from fallen trunks of Eucryphia cordifolia Cav., Laurelia sempervirens Weim., Laurelia philippiana Weim., Nothofagus dombeyii (Mirb.) Blume, and Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Blume, in the evergreen rainy Valdivian forest of southern Chile, are described and illustrated. They clearly differ from all accepted Candida species to warrant their establishment as five new species of yeasts: Candida coipomensis sp. nov., Candida ralunensis sp. nov., Candida laureliae sp. nov., Candida osornensis sp. nov., and Candida llanquihuensis sp. nov.  相似文献   

11.
The inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, isocitrate lyase and cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase in Candida maltosa was found to occur after the addition of glucose to starved cells. The concentration of cyclic AMP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate increased drastically within 30 s when glucose was added to the intact cells of this yeast. From these results it was concluded that catabolite inactivation, with participation of cyclic AMP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, is an important control mechanism of the gluconeogenetic sequence in the n-alkane-assimilating yeast Candida maltosa, as described for Saccharomyces cerevisiae.  相似文献   

12.
A spontaneous mutant of the yeast Candida maltosa SBUG 700 was isolated showing pseudohyphal marphology under all growth conditions tested. The C. maltosa PHM mutant takes up glucose with the kinetics of C. maltosa SBUG 700 and starved cells contain the same cyclic AMP concentration. Addition of glucose to the PHM mutant does not result in an increase of the intracellular cyclic AMP level and in catabolite inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. However, addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol is followed by a rapid, transient increase of the cyclic AMP level in the mutant cells, but not by catabolite inactivation. These results show that a common mechanism might be responsible for catabolite inactivation and glucose-induced cAMP signaling or that glucose-induced cAMP signaling is required for catabolite inactivation in C. maltosa.  相似文献   

13.
The usefulness of hybridization by protoplast fusion and mitotic segregation for the genetic analysis of the imperfect fodder yeastCandida maltosa was tested. Mitotically stable fusion hybrids were obtained with frequencies between 10–6 and 10–7. Complementation tests were performed by protoplast fusion. Substances that are known to induce frequent mitotic segregation in other yeast species such as benomyl, p-fluorophenylalanine, and acriflavine were ineffective inC. maltosa. UV irradiation induced mitotic segregation in up to 10%. This agent induced mainly mitotic crossing over inC. maltosa. Our data enabled the construction of the linkage group I with the sequenceCEN-ade-26-pro-1.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Clavispora opuntiae was the prevalent yeast associated with the feeding sites ofSigelgaita sp. larvae in the cactusPilosocereus arrabidae. Also associated with this habitat wereCandida sonorensis, Pichia cactophila, Pichia barkeri, Candida sp. A,Geotrichum sp.,Geotrichum sericeum and the yeast like organismsPrototheca zopfii andAcremonium sp. Atypical yeast biotypes that may represent new species ofPichia, Sporopachydermia andCandida were isolated. Mating types ofClavispora opuntiae were at a ratio 70 h+ to 3 h- and reduced levels of sporulation suggested low pressure for sexual reproduction in this habitat.Sigelgaita sp. probably was not an important vector forClavispora opuntiae because it was not isolated from an adult or eggs of this moth.  相似文献   

15.
Two unusual representatives of the yeast genus Candida and one of the yeast genus Schizoblastosporion, isolated from advanced stages of wood decay from fallen trunks of Drymis winterii Weim., Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. and Laurelia sempervirens Weim., in the evergreen rainy Valdivian forest of southern Chile, are described and illustrated. They all have in common the inability of fermenting sugars and the formation of pseudo and true hyphae. However, they differ from all accepted Candida and Schizoblastosporion species, respectively, to warrant their establishment as three new species of yeasts: Candida drymisii sp. nov., Candida huempii sp. nov., and Schizoblastosporion chiloensis sp. nov.  相似文献   

16.
This study was focused on the role of two types of diametrically different carbon sources, n-alkanes represented by a mixture of dodecane–hexadecane, and phenol on modification of the cell surface hydrophobicity. Capabilities of using either solely hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons in the mixture with phenol as well as phenol itself by yeast species Candida maltosa, Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia guilliermondii were investigated. Studies were complemented by cell biomass formation measurements. The corresponding cell surface hydrophobicity was assessed by microbial adhesion to the hydrocarbon test (MATH). Degradation of phenol was examined using GC-SPE technique, whereas hydrocarbons were extracted prior to gravimetric determination. Results obtained indicated that the hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature of the carbon source had significant influence on the cell surface hydrophobicity. Although the results differed for some individual yeast strains, the generalization can be made that there is the correlation between the best hydrocarbon and phenol degradation and corresponding cell wall properties of the yeast examined.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to investigate oral yeast colonization, antifungal susceptibility and strain diversity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients (175), as well as to evaluate the influence of dental prostheses. Oral rinse samples were cultured on selective media, in order to isolate, count and identify the yeasts recovered. More than half of the diabetic subjects (53%) carried significant amounts of Candida cells in the buccal cavity and these organisms were recovered at higher densities in diabetics wearing dentures. A total of 93 yeast strains were isolated from these patients, including: Candida spp. (n = 89); Pichia (n = 02); Trichosporon (n = 1), and Geotrichum (n = 1). C. albicans represented 56% of these strains, non-albicans Candida 39.8%, and other genera of yeast 4.3%. C. albicans was prevalent, followed by C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. rugosa and C. guilliermondii. Agar disk-diffusion tests of the susceptibility of non-albicans Candida and other genera of yeast to fluconazole showed resistance in 21.9%, mainly in C. rugosa (100%), C. glabrata (57%) and C. krusei (50%). Local oral factors, such as the presence of dentures, in association with diabetes, seemed to have the effect of increasing the amount and variety of Candida species in the oral cavities, mainly those with lower drug susceptibilities.  相似文献   

18.
Summary We have obtained mannans from four Candida species: C. albicans A, C. albicans B and C. tropicalis; antimannan sera against C. albicans A, C. albicans B and C. tropicalis were obtained by immunizing rabbits sub-cutaneously with the respective yeast extract. The efficacy of these sera in reacting with mannans obtained from three Candida sp. has been proven by indirect ELISA-inhibition.Any of three immune sera can be used to detect mannan antigen from the three Candida sp. tested. This confirms the existence of crossed reactivity and the possibility of detecting mannan antigen in serum from patients infected by different Candida sp., although we had only one immune serum and one Candida mannan.  相似文献   

19.
Screening tests in search for microorganisms capable of producing succinic acid from n-paraffin were carried out. Most of the microorganisms that accumulated succinic acid in culture broth when incubated in the media containing super heavy n-paraffin as the carbon source were found to belong to the genus Candida. The largest quantity of succinic acid production from n-paraffin, 4160 μ/ml, was obtained with a strain, Candida brumptii IFO 0731.  相似文献   

20.
Candida yeasts are saprophytes naturally present in the environment and forming colonies on human mucous membranes and skin. They are opportunistic fungi that cause severe and even fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals. Several essential oils, including eucalyptus, pine, cinnamon and lemon, have been shown to be effective against Candida strains. This study addresses the chemical composition of some commercial lemon essential oils and their antifungal potential against selected Candida yeast strains. Antifungal potential and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for six commercial lemon essential oils against five Candida yeast strains (Candida albicans 31, Candida tropicalis 32, Candida glabrata 33, Candida glabrata 35 and Candida glabrata 38). On the basis of the GCMS analysis, it was found that the tested lemon essential oils had different chemical compositions, but mostly, they contained almost exclusively terpenes and oxygenated terpenes. The tests show that antifungal potential of lemon essential oils against Candida yeast strains was related to the high content of monoterpenoids and the type of Candida strains. From six tested commercial oils, only four (ETJA, Vera-Nord, Avicenna-Oil and Aromatic Art) shows antifungal potential against three Candida species (C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata). Vera-Nord and Avicenna-Oil show the best activity and effectively inhibit the growth of the C. albicans strain across the full range of the concentrations used. Our study characterises lemon essential oils, which could be used as very effective natural remedies against candidiasis caused by C. albicans.  相似文献   

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