Studies on Camellia sasanqua Thunb

A glycoside “Sasanquin” was separated from methanol extract of young leaves of Camellia sasanqua Thunb. It was not able to be found in young leaves of Camellia japonica L. and Thea sinensis L. on paper chromatogram. Investigations showed that this glycoside is composed of eugenol, D-glucose and D-xylose, and it has a structure of 3-methoxy-4-β-primeverosidoxy-allylbenzene.     

Shoot and root organogenesis of Camellia sasanqua

In vitro-derived shoot tips, (10 mm) taken from primary cultures of Camellia sasanqua L., were evaluated for organogenesis when cultured on a half-strength MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of NAA, IBA, BA and GA₃. Maximum shoot proliferation and growth for juvenile and mature tissue was obtained when 0.54 M NAA, 8.8 M BA plus 14.4 to 28.9 M GA₃ was added to the culture media, with a pH between 4.5 and 5.0. In vitro-derived shoots (20 mm) from mature C. sasanqua Day Dream and juvenile C. sasanqua cultures initiated roots in vitro after immersion in 2.5 mM IBA for 30 min. Sixty percent of the mature shoots and 90% of the juvenile shoots initiated roots within 3 weeks of treatment with IBA.Abbreviations MS Murashige and Skoog (1962) - IBA lH-indole-3-butanoic acid - BA N-(phenyl-methyl)-lH-purine-6-amine - GA₃ gibberellic acid - kinetin N-(Z-furanyl-methyl)-lH-purine-6-amine - NAA l-naphthaleneacetic acid - L Linear - Q Quadratic     

Occurrence of Theanine in Camellia Japonica and Camellia sasanqua Seedlings

Three additional structural gene loci (Acp, EstB-1 and Pgm, encoding the enzymes acid phosphatase, esterase B and phosphoglucomutase, respectively) were identified in commercial and research-maintained lines (155) of Agaricus bisporus. The addition of these new marker loci effectively increases the total number of biochemical loci now available in A. bisporus by 60%. Allozyme variability at all eight structural gene loci (Aat, Acp, Adh, EstB-1, Gpt, Pep-1, Pep-2 and Pgm) was used to classify the lines into only 37 genotypic classes out of more than 3 million possible. A recalculated UPGM (unweighted pair-group method) cluster analysis, based on coefficients of similarity for all lines examined, is presented. The limited genetic diversity in this germplasm collection, as evidenced by linkage disequilibrium between loci and a lack of fit to Hardy-Weinberg expectations, commercially remains untapped.     

Acceleration of the Growth of Camellia sasanqua Pollen by Soaking in Organic Solvent

Camellia sasanqua pollen that had been soaked in acetone or diethyl ether for only 5 minutes grew three to four times longer pollen tubes than unsoaked pollen. Although the acceleration of pollen tube growth was observed when the pollen had been soaked in cold solvents (5 C, −15 C) for 100 days, soaking in warm solvents (30 C, 24 C) caused it to decrease gradually, and the pollen eventually lost the ability to germinate. The acceleration may be caused by removing inhibitor from the pollen grain by the organic solvents.     

茶梅品种资源的收集保存、鉴定评价及种质创新

综述了国内外茶梅品种的收集保存、鉴定评价及种质创新工作,其中上海市农业生物基因中心自2002年起,共收集国内外茶梅品种80余种,建立品种资源基地并对其进行了鉴定评价,筛选出3个适于上海地区的品种,并登录新品种1个。     

Chemical Studies of Camellia Family

In the course of chemotaxonomical works of Camellia family, a new phenolic substance was found in the methanol extract of the young leaves of Cleyera ochnaceae D. C. This was named “Sakakin” which is a glycoside composed of orcinol and d-glucose. The structure was proved to be 3-hydroxy-5-β-d-glucopyranosidoxy-toluene, and has been confirmed by synthesis.     

鱼腥草组织培养的研究

通过对鱼腥草组织培养过程中激素配比、碳源的研究,得出适于鱼腥草侧芽分化生长的最佳培养基为MS 6-BA1.0～2.0mg/L NAA0．1—0．5mg/L。碳源以蔗糖浓度2％-3％最佳。适宜鱼腥草生根的最佳培养基为MS NAA1．0mg,L 6-BA0．25mg/L。     

何首乌生物技术研究进展

综述了何首乌的快速繁殖、愈伤组织的诱导和培养、毛状根的诱导和培养以及活性成分的产生,并展望了何首乌生物技术的前景。     

茶树鲜花饮料澄清技术研究

茶树鲜花与茶叶具有相似的营养成分,榨汁后经调配可开发成适口性好、风味独特的鲜花饮料。对茶树鲜花饮料的壳聚糖絮凝、酶法澄清、超滤澄清效果进行了比较,结果表明,采用10万分子截留量的超滤膜处理获得能够较好的澄清效果,且对茶多酚造成的操作损失较小。     

Studies with antitranspirants on tea (Camellia sinensis L.)

The antitranspirant effect of a number of substances on tea was studied and the effects of the most effective substance investigated in detail. The film type of antitranspirants reduced transpiration only at a considerably higher concentration than the stomatal type of antitranspirants. Of the stomatal type of antitranspirants phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) was the most effective substance. Under actively transpiring conditions a 250 ppm solution of PMA reduced transpiration by about 30 per cent. The effect of PMA was localised and there was no translocation to untreated parts of the leaf blade. A spray of PMA reduced transpiration with gradually diminishing intensity for about 20 days, reduced vegetative growth of young plants grown both under non-water stress and water stressed conditions and reduced the yield of crop of mature plants during a drought. re]19760806     

Studies on Some New Azoxy Glycosides of Cycas revoluta Thunb.

The isolation of a new glycoside, named here as neocycasin A, with use of carbon chromatography, is described. It is one of a series of aliphatic azoxy glycosides, found in the seeds of Japanese cycad together with cycasin which is β-glucosyloxyazoxymethane as reported previously. The glycoside monohydrate gives m.p. 162° ~ 163° (decomp.), ? 35.1°; its heptaacetylate, m.p. 142° ~ 143°, ? 55.5°, from which octaacetyl-β-laminaribiose is isolated. On the basis of examination of the products obtained from partial or complete hydrolysis, and spectroscopic measurements, neocycasin A is concluded to be β-laminaribiosyloxyazoxymethane, i.e. 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosylcycasin.     

山茶属植物核型研究进展

本文收集整理了目前已发表的山茶属植物的核型资料。按张宏达的分类系统,本文共收录了94种（含15变种）的核型和29种（含4变种）的染色体数目。分析表明,山茶属植物染色体基数稳定X＝15,核型多为2A或2B型,核型的进化规律符合Stebbins提出的从对称向不对称方向进化的理论。山茶属植物的核型存在杂合性和多态性。本文中作者提供15种的核型,其中2种的核型为首次报道。     

鸭跖草科杜若(Pollia japonica Thunb.)的减数分裂研究

首次对鸭跖草科杜若(Pollia japonicaThunb.)进行了花粉母细胞减数分裂观察,并重新报道了该种的染色体数目为2n=32。结果显示,减数分裂中期I构型为16Ⅱ,并且观察到次级联会现象。减数分裂后期I和后期Ⅱ存在落后染色体、染色体断片、二次分裂不同步等异常现象,统计各时期畸形率都低于10%。随机统计花粉粒活性,成熟率达到90%以上。这说明杜若的减数分裂过程基本正常,也证明了2n=32的体细胞染色体数目是可信的。     

Studies on Cycasin,a New Toxic Glycoside,of Cycas revoluta Thunb

Quantitative paper chromatography of cycasin is described, where the cycasin and sugars separated on the paper are eluted out and determined, according to the colorimetric micro analysis of sugars by Plumel. The contents of cycasin and free sugars contained in both premature and matured cycad seeds determined by this method are presented.     

Further Studies on myo-Inositol-1-phosphatase from the Pollen of Lilium longiflorum Thunb

myo-Inositol-1-phosphatase has been purified to homogeneity from Lilium longiflorum pollen using an alternative procedure which includes pH change and phenyl Sepharose column chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis shows that the enzyme is a dimer (subunit molecular weight, 29,000 daltons). The enzyme is stable at low pH values and is inactivated only below pH 3.0. In addition to 1l-and 1d-myo-inositol-1-phosphate, it shows high specificity for 1l-chiro-inositol-3-phosphate. As observed earlier with other primary phosphate esters, d-glucitol-6-phosphate and d-mannitol-6-phosphate are hydrolyzed very slowly. No activity is observed with inorganic pyrophosphate or myo-inositol pentaphosphate as substrate. The enzyme is inhibited by fluoride, sulfate, molybdate, and thiol-directed reagents. Partial protection against N-ethylmaleimide inhibition by substrate and Mg²⁺ together suggests sulfhydryl involvement at the active site.     

Studies on Cycasin,a New Toxic Glycoside,of Cycas revoluta Thunb

The enzymatic hydrolysis of cycasin with cycad-emulsin, prepared from the seeds of Cycas revoluta, is described. As the complete degradation products we obtained about one mole each of formaldehyde, nitrogen gas, and methanol per mole of cycasin, in addition to glucose, the sugar component. These products are the same as those found in the acid hydrolysis of cycasin which has been reported previously. Therefore, it is concluded that the aglycone of cycasin can not be liberated intact as a single component, but decomposes into those smaller molecules as above even by means of the enzymatic hydrolysis.     

Studies in Mesophyll Selerids of Camellia sinensis L.

The morphology of mesophyll sclerids for twenty-two varieties of tea is dealt with in this article. A thorough study of both serial sections and macerations revealed that the morphological characters of their sclereids are divided into two types, namely, type Ⅰ (trichosclereids) and type II (polymorphic sclereids). Type Ⅰ has rather uniform sclereids encountering in the diaehyma. The fusiform sclereid or osteosclerids of type Ⅱ (polymorphic sclereids) are forked and this type of dendroid sclereids has elongated main body with less branches, as seen in Camellia sinensis CV. fangfungensis and most of wild varieties of tea. The stellate sclereids having profuse branches occur in C. sinensis CV. Yunnanensis, Assam tea, Taiwan tea, Burma tea and Viet-Nam tea. The fusiform and osteosclereids are found in C. sinensis CV. hananensis, C. sinensis CV. xiaoye, C. sinensis CV. laschangensis and one of the wild variety of tea growing in Sichuan and Guanghxi province.     

用EST-SSR标记对茶树种质资源的研究

采用16对EST-SSR引物对42份茶树品种资源进行了分析。在这些引物中, 有13对可扩增出清晰条带, 其中10对引物具有多态性, 占76.9%。各多态性引物的PIC值变化范围为0.522~0.866, 平均PIC值为0.730。10对多态性引物共检测到84种等位基因型和74个等位变异, 每对引物可检测到基因型和等位基因数分别为4~12和3~10种。42份供试材料间遗传距离为0.074~0.667, 平均遗传距离为0.363, 说明本实验所测试的材料具有较广的遗传变异。在相似系数为0.55的水平可将这些材料聚为3类, 多数材料包含在第一类中。本研究表明, 利用EST-SSR标记进行茶树资源评价是有效的。     

海金沙胚胎发育的研究

利用石蜡切片法研究了海金沙胚胎发育过程。合子的第一次分裂面垂直于颈卵器的长轴,产生两个相等的子细胞,靠近颈卵器颈部的营养器官原始细胞和远离颈部的基足原始细胞。前者发育成子代孢子体的营养器官,后者发育成基足。胚胎在32细胞阶段后,第一叶顶端细胞与第一根顶端细胞几乎同时发生。第一叶突出帽状体之后,由第一叶基部保留下来的茎干顶端细胞产生第二叶。据营养器官的形态结构判断,在海金沙胚胎发育中最早出现的营养器官是叶和根。     

博白油茶和红皮糙果茶分类学问题的讨论

通过对由原产地引种的博白油茶 (Camellia gigantocarpa Hu et Huang)和红皮糙果茶 (C.crapnel-liana Tutcher)成长植株的形态、花、果实以及馆藏相关标本的详细比较和观察 ,认为这两个种存在着显著的差异 :博白油茶树皮被灰绿色的粉末 ,红皮糙果茶树皮被砖红色的粉末 ;博白油茶侧脉 9～ 1 0对 ,叶缘具细锯齿 ,叶下偶见微毛 ;红皮糙果茶的侧脉 7～ 8对 ,叶缘具浅细圆齿 ,叶下永远无毛 ;博白油茶花瓣数目 6～ 7枚 ,为倒卵形到宽倒卵形 ,花瓣基部连生仅 2 mm;红皮糙果茶花瓣数目常为 8～ 9枚 ,甚至更多 ,为倒卵形到窄倒卵形 ,花瓣基部连生达 4 mm;博白油茶的雄蕊花丝基部连生仅 2 mm;红皮糙果茶的雄蕊花丝基部连生达 5～6 mm。因而应该将博白油茶 (C. gigantocarpa Hu et Huang)看作一个独立的种。