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1.
Isolation of an Antibacterial Substance from Mahonia fortunei and its Biological Activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Gaoqing Yuan Yuanyuan Chen Fangjing Li Rongjin Zhou Qiqin Li Wei Lin Lihong Huang 《Journal of Phytopathology》2017,165(5):289-296
This study aimed to isolate the antibacterial substance from Mahonia fortunei and determine its antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc). Bacterial leaf streak of rice, caused by Xoc, is an important rice disease and difficult to control. During a screening of antibacterial plants against plant pathogenic bacteria at an early stage, the extract from M. fortunei was found to have a strong inhibitory effect on Xoc. In this study, the chemical components of M. fortunei stems were extracted using methanol solvent, the antibacterial substance was isolated and purified by liquid–liquid partition and silica gel column chromatography and its structure was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance. The effect and mode of action of the antibacterial substance on bacterial leaf streak of rice were also detected under greenhouse conditions. Two compounds were identified, berberine and jatrorrhizine, which had a strong inhibitory effect on Xoc. The antibacterial activity of berberine was stronger, with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.9008 mg/l. At the concentration of 0.5 g/l, its control efficacy on bacterial leaf streak of rice was more than 84%. Additionally, berberine could be absorbed by rice leaves and be translocated up and down in the rice plant, and the effective period was long, but its capability of lateral translocation inside the blade was poor. 相似文献
2.
Protoplasts isolated from cultured rice cells of an A-58 cytoplasmic male sterile line (A-58 MS)(Oryza sativa L.) were used to investigate the regeneration of rice plants. A cultured cell line (T3) of A-58 MS with a high growth rate and dense cytoplasm was selected. About 10% of the protoplasts prepared from this established cell line plated in RY-2 (a new medium) formed colonies. The calli formed shoots and roots in the regeneration medium and developed into whole plants.Protoplasts also were prepared from suspension cultures of 25 other varieties of rice using the same methods. The protoplasts isolated from two of the 25 varieties, Fujiminori and Toyotama, had high rates of cell division in RY-2 medium. Only protoplastderived calli from Fujiminori, produced whole plants in the regeneration medium.Abbreviations LS
Linsmaier and Skoog (1965)
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- BA
6-benzyladenine
- MES
2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, monohydrate 相似文献
3.
Toshio Yanaki Wataru Itoh Kengo Tabata 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(9):2415-2416
trans-3-Methylthioacrylamide (3-MTAA-NH2) was isolated as colorless needles from the culture broth of Streptomyces sioyaensis, a siomycin-producer. This substance is considered to be not only a new metabolite from methionine but also a new substance. The isolation and identification of 3-MTAA-NH2, as well as the cultural conditions for production, were investigated. A variety of other Streptomyces also produced 3-MTAA-NH2 from methionine. 相似文献
4.
T. Yamamoto K. Yokotani-Tomita S. Kosemura S. Yamamura K. Yamada K. Hasegawa 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》1999,18(2):65-67
The allelopathy of a serious weed, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.), was investigated. Root exudates of young barnyard grass showed allelopathic effects and plant-selective activity and
inhibited root elongation of all plants tested. With respect to shoot growth, the exudates did not show inhibition of barnyard
grass only. The allelopathic substance was isolated and identified as p-hydroxymandelic acid by NMR. p-Hydroxymandelic acid strongly inhibited shoot growth and root elongation of all plants tested. The effects of three congeners
of p-hydroxymandelic acid were tested on rice shoot growth. In the biological activity exhibited in rice, shoot growth was related
to the hydroxyl groups.
Received October 7, 1998; accepted March 29, 1999 相似文献
5.
Qurban Ali Panhwar Umme Aminun Naher Shamshuddin Jusop Radziah Othman Md Abdul Latif Mohd Razi Ismail 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
A study was conducted to determine the total microbial population, the occurrence of growth promoting bacteria and their beneficial traits in acid sulfate soils. The mechanisms by which the bacteria enhance rice seedlings grown under high Al and low pH stress were investigated. Soils and rice root samples were randomly collected from four sites in the study area (Kelantan, Malaysia). The topsoil pH and exchangeable Al ranged from 3.3 to 4.7 and 1.24 to 4.25 cmolc kg−1, respectively, which are considered unsuitable for rice production. Total bacterial and actinomycetes population in the acidic soils were found to be higher than fungal populations. A total of 21 phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) including 19 N2-fixing strains were isolated from the acid sulfate soil. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, three potential PSB strains based on their beneficial characteristics were identified (Burkholderia thailandensis, Sphingomonas pituitosa and Burkholderia seminalis). The isolated strains were capable of producing indoleacetic acid (IAA) and organic acids that were able to reduce Al availability via a chelation process. These PSB isolates solubilized P (43.65%) existing in the growth media within 72 hours of incubation. Seedling of rice variety, MR 219, grown at pH 4, and with different concentrations of Al (0, 50 and 100 µM) was inoculated with these PSB strains. Results showed that the bacteria increased the pH with a concomitant reduction in Al concentration, which translated into better rice growth. The improved root volume and seedling dry weight of the inoculated plants indicated the potential of these isolates to be used in a bio-fertilizer formulation for rice cultivation on acid sulfate soils. 相似文献
6.
7.
Regeneration of fertile transgenic indica (group 1) rice plants following microprojectile transformation of embryogenic suspension culture cells 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Shiping Zhang Lili Chen Rongda Qu Philippe Marmey Roger Beachy Claude Fauquet 《Plant cell reports》1996,15(7):465-469
Regenerable embryogenic suspensions of elite Indica (group 1) rice varieties IR24, IR64, IR72 and an advanced Indica rice breeding line IR57311-95-2-3 were established within 6–8 weeks from 3–4 week old calli derived from mature seeds. Transgenic rice plants were obtained by introducing a plasmid carrying genes encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph, conferring resistance to hygromycin B) and ß-glucuronidase (uidA), both driven by the CaMV 35S promoter, via particle bombardment of embryogenic suspensions. The effect of osmotic conditioning on transformation was evaluated. Regenerated plants were resistant to hygromycin B and expressed the uidA (GUS) gene. The growth of mother plants (R0) was normal and seeds were produced. Southern blot analysis of R0 and R1 plants showed that hygromycin resistant plants contained intact hph genes that were inherited in a Mendelian fashion. A protocol for a simple, efficient, repeatable, genotype- and environment-independent Indica rice transformation system is described.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
- NAA
-naphthalene acetic acid
- kb
kilobase
- GUS
ß-glucuronidase
- hph
hygromycin B phosphotransferase 相似文献
8.
Yasuka Shimajiri Takayuki Oonishi Kae Ozaki Kumiko Kainou Kazuhito Akama 《Plant biotechnology journal》2013,11(5):594-604
Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non‐protein amino acid commonly present in all organisms. Because cellular levels of GABA in plants are mainly regulated by synthesis (glutamate decarboxylase, GAD) and catabolism (GABA‐transaminase, GABA‐T), we attempted seed‐specific manipulation of the GABA shunt to achieve stable GABA accumulation in rice. A truncated GAD2 sequence, one of five GAD genes, controlled by the glutelin (GluB‐1) or rice embryo globulin promoters (REG) and GABA‐T‐based trigger sequences in RNA interference (RNAi) cassettes controlled by one of these promoters as well, was introduced into rice (cv. Koshihikari) to establish stable transgenic lines under herbicide selection using pyriminobac. T1 and T2 generations of rice lines displayed high GABA concentrations (2–100 mg/100 g grain). In analyses of two selected lines from the T3 generation, there was a strong correlation between GABA level and the expression of truncated GAD2, whereas the inhibitory effect of GABA‐T expression was relatively weak. In these two lines both with two T‐DNA copies, their starch, amylose, and protein levels were slightly lower than non‐transformed cv. Koshihikari. Free amino acid analysis of mature kernels of these lines demonstrated elevated levels of GABA (75–350 mg/100 g polished rice) and also high levels of several amino acids, such as Ala, Ser, and Val. Because these lines of seeds could sustain their GABA content after harvest (up to 6 months), the strategy in this study could lead to the accumulation GABA and for these to be sustained in the edible parts. 相似文献
9.
Based on the Cre/loxP system, we have developed a novel marker-free system mediating a direct auto-excision of loxP-flanked marker genes from T1 transgenic rice without any treatment or further offspring crossing. To achieve this, the floral-specific promoter OsMADS45 was isolated from rice and the expression patterns of OsMADS45 promoter was characterised by using the pOs45:GUS transgenic plants. Furthermore, the binary vector with Cre recombinase under the control of OsMADS45 promoter was constructed and introduced into rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and transgenic rice plants were generated. Southern blot analysis showed that auto-excision of the
selective markers occurred in some T1 progeny of the transgenic plants, suggesting that a high auto-excision frequency can be achieved with our Cre/loxP system. This auto-excision strategy provides an efficient way of removing the selectable marker gene from transgenic rice.
Xianquan Bai and Qiuyun Wang contributed equally to the work. 相似文献
10.
Many people in the United Arab Emirates store rice in large quantities for long periods of time before use. Five hundred samples
of rice were collected from households in Al-Ain city during the summers of 1992-1994. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 160 samples (64%) of long grain rice and 81 Samples (32%) of short grain rice at levels ranging from 1.2
to 16.5 μg/kg. The moisture content of samples varied between 5.7% and 15.3%. Species ofAspergillus andPenicillium (includingA. flavus andA. parasiticus) were isolated from discoloured, broken and insect damaged grain and it was confirmed that at least two of the isolates ofA. flavus were aflatoxigenic. These findings demonstrate that rice may contribute to dietary exposure to aflatoxins which are known
to be carcinogenic and immunosuppressive. 相似文献
11.
Efficient transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mediated by Agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the T-DNA 总被引:48,自引:0,他引:48
Yukoh Hiei Shozo Ohta Toshihiko Komari Takashi Kumashiro 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》1994,6(2):271-282
A large number of morphologically normal, fertile, transgenic rice plants were obtained by co-cultivation of rice tissues with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The efficiency of transformation was similar to that obtained by the methods used routinely for transformation of dicotyledons with the bacterium. Stable integration, expression and inheritance of transgenes were demonstrated by molecular and genetic analysis of transformants in the R0, R1 and R2 generations. Sequence analysis revealed that the boundaries of the T-DNA in transgenic rice plants were essentially identical to those in transgenic dicotyledons. Calli induced from scutella were very good starting materials. A strain of A. tumefaciens that carried a so-called ‘super-binary’ vector gave especially high frequencies of transformation of various cultivars of japonica rice that included Koshihikari, which normally shows poor responses in tissue culture. 相似文献
12.
Weiqi Zhao Akihiro Shishkura Kenshiro Fujimoto Kunio Arai Shozaburo Saito 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(7):1773-1777
Extraction of oil from rice bran with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-C02) at pressures of 150 to 350 kg/cm2 G at 40°C was demonstrated. The constituents of the selective fractions obtained at different pressures differed. Fractions obtained at higher pressures contained less free fatty acid and waxes or unsaponifiables. The phosphorus and iron contents were very low in the SC-C02 extracted oil, while the color of the oil was significantly lighter than that of hexane-extracted oil. The yield of low acid value oil was comparable to that for hexane extraction. One problem of the SC-C02 oil is its poor oxidation stability. This method of extraction may be effective in simplifying the processing of edible rice bran oil. Grinding the raw material was found to be effective in decreasing the C02 required and shortening the extraction period. 相似文献
13.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(3):600-601
Sphingomonas strains were isolated in high frequency from ears of rice (Oryza sativa), Echinochloa crus-galli, and Setaria viridis. Isolates were identified by the rapid method of cellular fatty acid analysis. Isolated Sphingomonas strains have 2-hydroxymyristate as a sole hydroxy fatty acid, ubiquinone Q-10, and glycosphingolipid. This study demonstrated that sphingomonads are members of a natural flora of microorganisms in ears of rice and taxonomically related plants. 相似文献
14.
Yu-Shih Chen 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(3):136-142
A considerable amount of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid was isolated from the culture filtrate of Hypochnus sasakii.p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid induced wilt of soybean plant and retarded the growth of rice seedlings at concentrations up to 1:20,000. The O2 uptake in roots decreased in proportion to reduction of dry weight of rice seedlings. 相似文献
15.
Transgenic rice plants harbouring Bacillus subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) gene, which is targeted into plastid, were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using a rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) and their gene integration at T1 generation by Southern and mRNA expression in T2 generation by Northern blotting were analyzed. Their herbicide-resistant trait was further confirmed by in vitro leaf segment assay and in planta bioassays such as seed germination assay and measurement of growth inhibition. The herbicide oxyfluorfen resistance in transgenic
rice plants was not very high. The results showed that the Protox from B. subtilis can not be applicable as a gene source to generate a high level oxyfluorfen tolerance in plants.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Overexpression of antifungal pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in crop plants has the potential for enhancing resistance
against fungal pathogens. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are one group (PR-5, permatins) of antifungal PR-proteins isolated
from various plants. In the present study, a plasmid containing a cDNA of rice tlp (D34) under the control of the CaMV-35S promoter was introduced into tobacco plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. A considerable overproduction of TLP was observed in transformed tobacco plants by Western
blot analysis. There was a large accumulation of tlp mRNA in transgenic plants as revealed by Northern blot analysis. Southern blot analysis of the DNA from transgenic tobacco
plants confirmed the presence of the rice tlp gene in the genomic DNA of transgenic tobacco plants. Immunoblot analysis of intracellular and extracellular proteins of
transgenic tobacco leaves using a Pinto bean TLP antibody demonstrated that the 23-kDa TLP was secreted into the extracellular
matrix. T2 progeny of regenerated plants transformed with TLP gene were tested for their disease reaction to Alternaria alternata, the brown spot pathogen. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing TLP at high levels showed enhanced tolerance to necrotization
caused by the pathogen.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Enhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that overexpresses chloroplast glutamine synthetase 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
Hoshida H Tanaka Y Hibino T Hayashi Y Tanaka A Takabe T Takabe T 《Plant molecular biology》2000,43(1):103-111
The potential role of photorespiration in the protection against salt stress was examined with transgenic rice plants. Oryza sativa L. cv. Kinuhikari was transformed with a chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS2) gene from rice. Each transgenic rice plant line showed a different accumulation level of GS2. A transgenic plant line, G39-2, which accumulated about 1.5-fold more GS2 than the control plant, had an increased photorespiration capacity. In another line, G241-12, GS2 was almost lost and photorespiration activity could not be detected. Fluorescence quenching analysis revealed that photorespiration could prevent the over-reduction of electron transport systems. When exposed to 150 mM NaCl for 2 weeks, the control rice plants completely lost photosystem II activity, but G39-2 plants retained more than 90% activity after the 2-week treatment, whereas G241-12 plants lost these activities within one week. In the presence of isonicotinic acid hydrazide, an inhibitor of photorespiration, G39-2 showed the same salt tolerance as the control plants. The intracellular contents of NH4
+ and Na+ in the stressed plants correlated well with the levels of GS2. Thus, the enhancement of photorespiration conferred resistance to salt in rice plants. Preliminary results suggest chilling tolerance in the transformant. 相似文献
18.
Iraya Güerere Wilmer Tezara Cecilia Herrera María Dolores Fernández Ana Herrera 《Physiologia plantarum》1996,98(3):471-476
To investigate the possible induction of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) by drought in Talinum paniculatum ([Jacq.] Gaertn.), a deciduous herb with succulent leaves and lignified stems, nocturnal acid accumulation and CO2-exchange were studied in watered and droughted greenhouse-grown plants. Watered plants had a typical C3 pattern of CO2-exchange. When plants were subjected to drought, nocturnal acid accumulation increased significantly from 0.9 to 13.4 μmol H+ cm?2 after 21 days. Water deficit provoked a rapid reduction of daytime CO2 assimilation of as much as 92% and a slower increase in night-time fixation. A maximum of 24% of the diel carbon gain was contributed by dark fixation in droughted plants. After 34 days of drought, only CO2 compensation and a small accumulation of acid (idling) was detected during the night. Relative recycling of respiratory CO2 was approximately 100% for most of the water deficit treatment, the amount of CO2 recycled showing a high positive correlation with nocturnal acid accumulation. A low rate of nocturnal loss of CO2 in watered plants did not explain the amount recycled nightly in droughted plants, implying that respiration increased with drought. Leaf lamina area was reduced by 49% during drought due to rolling. Leaf biomass remained unchanged during the water-deficit treatment. Neither apparent quantum yield nor light-saturated photosynthetic rate differed significantly between control and 14-day water-stressed plants rewatered for 20 h. Chlorophyll content did not change with drought. These results confirm that CAM is induced by drought in T. paniculatum; the carbon acquired through this pathway only contributes to maintain, but not to increase, leaf biomass; also, CAM is responsible for a high recycling of respiratory CO2 during the night. Recycling through CAM, plus the reduction of exposed leaf area during drought, may help explain the maintenance of chlorophyll, quantum yield and saturated photosynthetic rates in water-stressed plants of T. paniculatum. 相似文献
19.
Fertile plants have been obtained from maize (Zea mays L.) embryogenic suspension culture protoplasts. Friable, embryogenic callus initiated from an immature embryo from a cross involving the genotypes A188, B73, and Black Mexican sweetcorn was used to establish a rapidly growing embryogenic suspension culture. After nine months in culture, high yields of viable protoplasts (30×106/ gram fresh weight) were obtained following a 1.5 hour enzymatic digestion. Protoplasts cultured with feeder cells divided and formed embryogenic callus, from which male and female fertile plants were regenerated. Protoplast-derived R1 plants were self-pollinated and immature R2 embryos isolated for callus initiation. Female fertile plants have also been produced from protoplasts isolated from an R2-derived suspension culture. Significant interactions between protoplast and feeder-cell lines were observed.Abbreviations BC
backcross
- BMS
Black Mexican Sweetcorn
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- PWS
protoplast wash solution (0.2 M mannitol, 80 mM CaCl2)
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- ABA
abscisic acid 相似文献
20.
Ganapathi Sridevi Chidambaram Parameswari Natarajan Sabapathi Vengoji Raghupathy Karuppannan Veluthambi 《Plant science》2008,175(3):283-290
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rice was done using the binary vector pNSP3, harbouring the rice chitinase (chi11) gene under maize ubiquitin promoter and the tobacco β-1,3-glucanase gene under CaMV 35S promoter in the same T-DNA. Four of the six T0 plants had single copies of complete T-DNAs, while the other two had complex integration patterns. Three of the four single-copy lines showed a 3:1 segregation ratio in the T1 generation. Northern and western blot analyses of T1 plants revealed constitutive expression of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase genes. Homozygous T2 plants of the single-copy lines CG20, CG27 and CG53 showed 62-, 9.6- and 11-fold higher chitinase activity over the control plants. β-1,3-Glucanase activity was 1.1- to 2.5-fold higher in the transgenic plants. Bioassay of homozygous T2 plants of the three single-copy transgenic lines against Rhizoctonia solani revealed a 60% reduction in sheath blight Disease Index in the first week. The Disease Index increased from 61.8 in the first week to 90.6 in the third week in control plants, while it remained low (26.8–34.2) in the transgenic T3 plants in the corresponding period, reflecting the persistence of sheath blight resistance for a longer period. 相似文献