吖啶橙失活处理应用于不对称融合初步探讨

马铃薯栽培种和野生种叶肉原生质体经过吖啶橙（ＡＯ）处理后,暗培养两天,再光照４ｈ而失活．失活程度取决于ＡＯ处理时间、ＡＯ浓度、光照时机等．四倍体失活浓度高于二倍体,处理后马上光照失活效果最强烈,８ｄ后光照其小细胞团同未光照处理相差不大。ＡＯ失活的栽培种ＮＯ７同罗丹明６Ｇ（Ｒ６Ｇ）失活的Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍｂｕｌｂｏｃａｓｔａｎｕｍ融合后可以发生代谢互补恢复分裂,已得到假定的杂种小愈伤组织．     

盐生杜氏藻甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶的分离纯化及其特性的研究

利用ＰＥＧ分级,ＤＥＡＥ离子交换层析,ＢｌｕｅＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ拟亲和层析,ＭｏｎｏＱ离子交换层析等手段,分离纯化盐生杜氏藻（Ｄｕｎａｌｉｅｌａｓａｌｉｎａ（Ｄｕｎａｌ）Ｔｅｏｄ．）甘油三磷酸（Ｇ３Ｐ）脱氢酶（ＥＣ１．１．１．８）,得到比活为１２．６Ｕ／ｍｇ的电泳纯的酶,并对此酶的生化特性进行了研究。４％～２０％非变性聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳测得全酶分子量约为２７０ｋＤ,ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ表明该酶只有一种分子量约为６５ｋＤ的亚基,据此推测该酶应为同四聚体。酶催化磷酸二羟丙酮（ＤＨＡＰ）还原的最适ｐＨ值为７．５,催化Ｇ３Ｐ脱氢的最适ｐＨ值为１０。该酶对４个底物还原型辅酶Ⅰ（ＮＡＤＨ）,二磷酸吡啶核苷酸（ＤＨＡＰ）,辅酶Ⅰ（ＮＡＤ）,Ｇ３Ｐ的表观Ｋｍ值分别为６３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,２７２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,１．５３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,６．５２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。该酶在保存过程中易失活。ＮＡＤＨ能降低酶失活的速度,而ＮＡＤ则不然。低浓度ＮａＣｌ对酶略有保护作用,但高浓度ＮａＣｌ加快酶的失活,且浓度越高效应越明显。     

谷氨酰胺对体外培养人小肠上皮细胞缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用

应用原代培养人胎小肠上皮细胞（ＩＥＣ）,观察了谷氨酰胺（ＧＬＮ）对缺氧复氧（Ａ／Ｒ）损伤人ＩＥＣ的影响。结果：缺氧６０ｍｉｎ复氧３０ｍｉｎ后,细胞内乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）漏出量显著上升,细胞存活率显著下降。预先应用１～５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＧＬＮ可使Ａ／Ｒ损伤ＩＥＣ细胞存活率升高和细胞内ＬＤＨ漏出量减少,ＧＬＮ作用的最佳剂量为２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。提示ＧＬＮ对人ＩＥＣ具有直接的保护作用,这可能是其整体保护作用机制之一。     

水稻与大黍不对称休细胞杂交再生植株

采用ＰＥＧ（聚乙二醇）融合法,诱诱导水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）原生质体与无融合生殖大黍（Ｐａｎｉｃｕｍ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ Ｊａｃｑ．）原生质体融合,经过融合体筛选、培养,成功地获得了再生植株并移栽成活。在融合前水稻原生质体经过２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ碘乙酰胺（ＩＯＡ）在室温（２２－２５℃）条件下处理１５ｍｉｎ,大黍原生质体经过６０Ｋｒ软Ｘ射线照射处理。对获得的２８株融合再生植株进行初步检测发现     

小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞不完全失活的外向K~+电流的基本特性

采用膜片钳技术以全细胞方式在小鼠腹腔渗出巨噬细胞（ＰＥＭ）中记录到一种不完全失活的外向Ｋ＋电流（Ｉｏ）,该电流在膜电位正于－１０ｍＶ时激活,对Ｋ＋具有高度特异性,其半值电导电位Ｖ１／２为７９．５ｍＶ,在膜电位正于３０ｍＶ时,该电流失活,在６０－１２０ｍＶ的膜电位范围内,其失活时间常数τｉ与膜电位无关．随着胞外Ｋ＋离子浓度（［Ｋ＋］ｏ）升高,该电流的失活过程减慢。在生理电压范围内（－８０－０ｍＶ）,该电流缺乏稳态失活,且其失活不具有频率依赖性。胞外４－ＡＰ（３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、Ｂａ２＋（３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及ＴＥＡ（５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可抑制该电流,抑制率分别为８５％,６６％及３１％。胞外Ｚｎ２＋（１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可影响该电流活性,对该电流的抑制具有电压依赖性     

固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的分离纯化及其特性

联合固氮细菌粪产碱菌（Ａｌｃａｌｉｇｅｎｅｓｆａｅｃａｌｉｓ）Ａ１５０１菌体经超声破碎后,无细胞粗提液以ＰＥＧ－６０００分级沉淀,丙酮沉淀,再经蓝琼脂糖（ＢｌｕｅＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６８）亲和层析分离、纯化。获得的纯谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和４－３０％梯度ＰＡＧＥ上均呈均一的一条带。ＧＳ亚基及整酶分子量分别为５５ｋＤ和６４５ｋＤ,亚基由４５６个氨基酸残基组成。ＧＳ的Ｋｍ值,在以Ｇｌｕ为氮源的介质中培养时分别为２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ）和４５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ~＋_４）;在以ＮＨ~＋_４为氮源的介质中培养时则分别为７０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,４９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ）和８０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＮＨ~＋_４）,表明ＮＨ~＋_４培养下形成高度腺苷化的ＧＳ对Ｇｌｕ及ＮＨ~＋_４的亲和力有所下降。     

外加电场对小麦和簇毛麦原生质体分裂和生长发育的影响

外加电场对小麦和簇毛麦原生质体分裂和生长发育的影响周爱芬,夏光敏,陈惠民（山东大学生物系,济南２５０１００）ＩＮＦＬＵＺＮＣＥＳＯＦＥＬＥＣＴＲＩＣＡＬＳＴＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＤＩＶＩＳＩＯＮＧＲＯＮＴＨＡＮＤＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＰＲＯ...     

老年大鼠单核／巨噬细胞分泌和表达肿瘤坏死因子增多

为研究老年时肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ－α）分泌及表达的改变,在内毒素（ＬＰＳ）１．０μｇ／ｍｌ刺激大鼠单核／巨噬细胞后,用酶联免疫法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）测定培养液中ＴＮＦ－α含量,用半定量逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＫ）测定ＴＮＦ－αｍＲＮＡ。同时测定培养液中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）和前列腺素Ｉ２（ＰＧＩ２）的含量。结果显示：老年鼠ＴＮＦ－α分泌量及其ｍＲ－ＮＡ明显高于青年鼠。ＮＯ产量在老年鼠与青年鼠之间无明显差异。老年鼠ＰＧＩ２分泌明显低于青年鼠。由于ＰＧ能抑制ＴＮＦ－α释放,从而推测,ＰＧＩ２产生能力的降低可能是老年大鼠单核／巨噬细胞ＴＮＦ－α分泌量明显高于青年鼠的原因之一。     

牛磺酸调节缺氧性肺、脑血管反应的机理研究

本实验从磷脂酶Ａ＿２（ＰＬＡ＿２）、前列腺素（ＰＧｓ）、白三烯（ＬＴｓ）和过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）方面探讨了牛磺酸调节肺、脑血管对急、慢性缺氧反应的机制。急性缺氧时狗出肺与出脑血中ＬＰＯ增加,ＰＬＡ,活性有升高趋势,但出脑与出肺（入脑）血相比无显著性差异。出肺与出脑血中ＬＴＣ＿４、ＴＸＢ＿２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ）及ＴＸＢ＿２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ）比值均升高。慢性缺氧大鼠肺、脑组织中ＰＬＡ＿２活性均升高。牛磺酸增加缺氧时６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ）,减弱其它变化。提示牛磺酸对缺氧性肺缩血管反应的调节作用可能与降低缺氧时ＰＬＡ＿２活性,抑制脂质过氧化和ＬＴＣ＿４、ＴＸＡ＿２生成,降低ＴＸＡ＿２／ＰＧＩ＿２比值有关;而牛磺酸减弱缺氧性脑舒血管反应不是直接通过上述变化起作用的。     

PKC,PKA和TPK在血小板激活中的作用

利用＾３２Ｐ－ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４标记猪血小板,然后,以ＰＭＡ,凝血酶,ＰＧＥ１腺苷等处理,结果表明,随着ＰＭＡ激活ＰＫＣ,血小板发生聚集,３５μｍｏｌ／ＬＰＧＥ１或１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬｄｂｃＡＭＰ不能抑制５０ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ诱导的血小板聚集,腺苷却能抑制ＰＭＡ诱导的血小板聚集（ＥＣ５０＝０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｄｂ－ｃＡＭＰ,腺苷都不能抑制１００ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ诱导的４０ｋＤ蛋白磷酸化,ＰＫＡ激活不能抑制Ｐ     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.