猕猴桃不同季节的嫁接法比较试验

在湖北的试验表明,猕猴桃春季嫁接以切接法较好,夏秋季嫁接则以单芽枝腹接法较好;嫁接后采用遮阳网遮荫可以显著提高嫁接成活率,但对出圃率无明显影响。     

秃杉优树选择与无性系种子园营建技术分析

为提高秃杉产量及促进早实,为今后秃杉种植提供更加优良的种子,昌宁县自1986年开始着手进行秃杉优树选择与无性系种子园营建,并选择25-60a生优树40株作为母树。在种子园建设过程中采用高位嫩枝髓接法和高位嫩枝髓切接法,至1990年年底已先后嫁接秃杉无性系单株1.1万余株,嫁接成活率在88%以上,植株正冠率在95%以上,当前整个无性系种子园已进入结实初期阶段。本文将对秃杉优树选择与无性系种子园营建技术进行总结。     

罗汉果嫁接繁殖研究

采用1—3年生青皮砧木,用镶枝接、嵌合接、劈接和腹接法嫁接,成活率为67.86～81.82％,以镶枝接最好。用长滩、拉江和青皮接穗嫁接,成活率为60—80％,以拉江接穗最好。嫁接苗早期结果,接后90天80—88％的植株结果并保持原品种优良类型。     

萝卜和球茎甘蓝的顶芽根接法试验

十字花科蔬菜植物,在营养生长期间,茎部并不向上伸长。因此,这些植物在这期间通过茎接法进行嫁接教养,就比较困难。为了克服这种困难,作者除试验了一种花序嫁接法外,于1953年冬又对于萝卜和球茎甘蓝,利用它们的特殊器官(膨大的根和茎),而设计试验了一种顶芽根接法,结果获得了成功。方法的设计是根据萝卜和球茎甘蓝在形态组织上的特殊结构,即它们的次生木质部(萝卜)或椭部(球茎甘蓝)都非常发达,具有大量的薄壁细胞,尤其是     

激光诱导优质高产大豆育种

采用连续输出功率为10mw的He-Ne激光对大豆种脐进行辐照,激光光斑为φ2mm,照射时间为1分钟。将辐照了激光的种子按行距65厘米,株距12厘米进行播种。待大豆出苗、生长到结荚期时,选取植株茎粗的为砧木,选取结荚多的接穗,采用绿枝退接法进行嫁接,嫁接后要精心管理。秋收精选出籽粒饱满、粒径大的作为种子。在1999年进行繁育,于2000年进行了大田种植实验,秋收比对照增产30％。     

芒果

(一)介绍芒果的一种繁殖方法——贴接法芒果旱雨两季均采用贴接,其成活率高达88%,它比侧接稍为优越,而比劈接(割接)更有成效。(二)芒果叶片的年龄及生长位置对矿物成分的影响芒果叶片中磷和钾的含量随叶龄的增长而减少,而钙的含量却增加。在同一枝条上,基部的叶片比顶部叶片含更多的磷和钾,而氮和钙比顶部叶片少,这差异在果枝和营养枝之间极小,提出了对芒果叶片取样时的实际建议。     

文摘

芒果(一)介绍芒果的一种繁殖方法——贴接法芒果旱雨两季均采用贴接,其成活率高达88%,它比侧接稍为优越,而比劈接(割接)更有成效。(二)芒果叶片的年龄及生长位置对矿物成分的影响芒果叶片中磷和钾的含量随叶龄的增长而减少,而钙的含量却增加。在同一枝条上,基部的叶片比顶部叶片含更多的磷和钾,而氮和钙比顶部叶片少,这差异在果枝和营养枝之间极小,提出了对芒果叶片取样时的实际建议。     

一种新的植物靠接法——腹靠接

靠接法由于接穗在嫁接时不离开母体,所以成活率比一般枝接及芽接都高。通常用于嫁接不易成活树种,特别是对于一些珍稀树种用此法比较可靠。本人经过多年试验,摸索出一种新的靠接方法——腹靠接,做法如下: 接穗处理 在接穗相对于砧木的一侧光滑处用刀斜向上切一接口,切口长约3厘米,斜切深度达接穗直径的1/3处。     

不同苗龄接穗的西瓜嫁接体愈合过程中的3种酶活性变化

用贴接法嫁接西瓜品种早佳(8424)和砧木葫芦品种将军的结果表明:接穗苗龄越大,嫁接成活率越低.多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性嫁接初期较高,以后变化平稳;大苗龄接穗嫁接体的PPO活性较高.嫁接初期过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性升高,以后呈下降趋势,木质素合成和维管组织分化阶段再度升高.     

广西植物研究所多项科研成果通过鉴定

<正> 一、猕猴桃优良株系栽培示范及果实保鲜包装技术研究 中华猕猴桃“桂海4号”是广西植物研究所猕猴桃研究课题组近年筛选出的优良品系,具有早实、高产、果实均匀、品质优良、抗性强等优良特性。其栽培要点为:激动素和广增素(802)处理种子可提高发芽率38.06—58.34％。密封保湿切接法嫁接成活率可达90％以上。定砧后嫁接营建果园可提前一年建成新果园。中度修剪可提高产量34.18％。喷雾授粉可提高产量2—3倍。果实保鲜技术为:适时采收,采用无残毒的保鲜剂处理等综合措施,在日均室温26.2—28.3℃,相对湿度57.3—80％条件下贮藏20天,好果率     

应用多元线性逐步回归分析法研究纽荷尔脐橙高接换种技术初探

在纽荷尔脐橙/国庆一号温州蜜柑/枳生产园进行田间试验,经多元线性逐步回归分析后的结果表明,高接换种3年后,树冠体积与嫁接高度(37~116cm范围内)呈正相关;树冠产量效率在嫁接高度低于54cm时,与嫁接高度呈正相关,反之,则为负相关。单株产量是关于嫁接高度的一元二次函数,可用于确定合理的嫁接高度、评价技术效益与预测产量。研究表明,应用多元线性逐步回归分析方法研究高接换种技术是可行的。     

Studies on preparing and adsorption property of grafting terpolymer microbeads of PEI-GMA/AM/MBA for bilirubin

Crosslinking copolymer microbeads with a diameter range of 100-150 microm were synthesized by suspension copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), acrylamide (AM) and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA). Subsequently, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was grafted on the surfaces of the terpolymer microbeads GMA/AM/MBA via the ring-opening reaction of the epoxy groups, and the grafting microbeads PEI-GMA/AM/MBA were prepared. In this paper, the adsorption property of the grafting microbeads for bilirubin was mainly investigated, and the effects of various factors, such as pH value, ionic strength and grafting degree of PEI on the surface of grafting microbeads and the adsorption capacity of the grafting microbeads for bilirubin were examined. The batch adsorption experiment results show that by right of the action of grafted polyamine macromolecules PEI, the grafting microbeads PEI-GMA/AM/MBA have quite strong adsorption ability for bilirubin; the isotherm adsorption conforms to Freundlich equation. The pH value of the medium affects the adsorption capacity greatly, As in the nearly neutral solutions with pH 6, the grafting microbeads have the strongest adsorption ability for bilirubin, whereas in acidic and basic solutions their adsorption ability is weak. The ionic strength hardly affects the adsorption ability of the grafting microbeads. The grafting degree of PEI on the surfaces of the grafting microbeads also has a great effect on the adsorption capacity, and higher the grafting degree of PEI on the surface of the microbead PEI-GMA/AM/MBA, the stronger is the adsorption ability of the microbeads.     

他克莫司乳膏联合治疗白癜风的疗效评价

目的:通过比较自体表皮移植术联合他克莫司和传统自体表皮移植术治疗白癜风的疗效,明确他克莫司乳膏对白癜风复色率的影响。方法:回顾性分析自体表皮移植术联合他克莫司和传统自体表皮移植术治疗的稳定期白癜风患者共90例,比较其均匀复色时间和疗效。结果:表皮移植术联合他克莫司组起效时间显著性短于单一表皮移植术组(P<0.05),1月、3月的显效率和痊愈率均明显高于单一表皮移植术组(P<0.05)。单一表皮移植术组颈部的疗效相比于头面部、躯干部、四肢更佳(P<0.05),表皮移植术联合0.1%他克莫司软膏外用治疗(相对于单一表皮移植术)可显著性提高位于四肢的皮损的疗效(P<0.05)。相较于单一表皮移植术而言,表皮移植术联合他克莫司对提高节段型和局限型白癜风疗效显著(P<0.05)。然而,他克莫司联合治疗可提高散发型和肢端型白癜风的疗效,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。表皮移植术联合他克莫司组和单一表皮移植术组中,男性疗效均高于女性,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:自体表皮移植术联合0.1%他克莫司软膏治疗白癜风的疗效优于单一自体表皮移植术,他克莫司可有效提高白癜风复色。     

Computational design of high-affinity epitope scaffolds by backbone grafting of a linear epitope

Computational grafting of functional motifs onto scaffold proteins is a promising way to engineer novel proteins with pre-specified functionalities. Typically, protein grafting involves the transplantation of protein side chains from a functional motif onto structurally homologous regions of scaffold proteins. Using this approach, we previously transplanted the human immunodeficiency virus 2F5 and 4E10 epitopes onto heterologous proteins to design novel "epitope-scaffold" antigens. However, side-chain grafting is limited by the availability of scaffolds with compatible backbone for a given epitope structure and offers no route to modify backbone structure to improve mimicry or binding affinity. To address this, we report here a new and more aggressive computational method-backbone grafting of linear motifs-that transplants the backbone and side chains of linear functional motifs onto scaffold proteins. To test this method, we first used side-chain grafting to design new 2F5 epitope scaffolds with improved biophysical characteristics. We then independently transplanted the 2F5 epitope onto three of the same parent scaffolds using the newly developed backbone grafting procedure. Crystal structures of side-chain and backbone grafting designs showed close agreement with both the computational models and the desired epitope structure. In two cases, backbone grafting scaffolds bound antibody 2F5 with 30- and 9-fold higher affinity than corresponding side-chain grafting designs. These results demonstrate that flexible backbone methods for epitope grafting can significantly improve binding affinities over those achieved by fixed backbone methods alone. Backbone grafting of linear motifs is a general method to transplant functional motifs when backbone remodeling of the target scaffold is necessary.     

Survival capacity of cacao top grafted with scions infected by vascular streak dieback pathogen: potential source of the disease long-distance spread

Abstract

Vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease, caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae, is a significant cocoa diseases in Indonesia. Planting materials are often produced by top grafting raising the possibility that VSD may be spread through the use of infected grafting materials. When scions from VSD-infected stems were used in grafting, both the rootstock and new growth from the scion developed symptoms of VSD. Infected scions often failed to establish when used for top grafting. This finding proves that the use of infected scions when top grafting can result in infected planting material with potential for spreading VSD.     

番茄抗青枯病种苗选育初步研究

通过大量收集野生茄科植物作为栽培番茄的嫁接砧木 ,进行嫁接试验并观察嫁接成活率。栽植各砧木苗、番茄实生苗及嫁接成活率较高的嫁接苗 ,观察比较它们在自然条件下青枯病的发病率 (如果自然条件下青枯病发病率低的地块 ,可考虑人工接种病原 )、植株生长情况、产量和品质等 ,筛选出 2种嫁接成活率高 ,抗青枯病能力强 ,并能保持或提高接穗果产量和品质的番茄嫁接砧木。为深入进行番茄抗青枯病种苗选育研究和生产实践奠定了基础。     

The role of plant hormones during grafting

For millennia, people have cut and joined different plant tissues together through a process known as grafting. By creating a chimeric organism, desirable properties from two plants combine to enhance disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, vigour or facilitate the asexual propagation of plants. In addition, grafting has been extremely informative in science for studying and identifying the long-distance movement of molecules. Despite its increasing use in horticulture and science, how plants undertake the process of grafting remains elusive. Here, we discuss specifically the role of eight major plant hormones during the wound healing and vascular formation process, two phenomena involved in grafting. We furthermore present the roles of these hormones during graft formation and highlight knowledge gaps and future areas of interest for the field of grafting biology.     

银杏嫁接试验

本文报道银杏(Ginhgo biloba Z)小苗(一、二年生)嫁接试验结果。单芽切接、腹切接不仅成活率高且操作简便、工效高,是小苗嫁接值得推广的嫁接方法;嫁接时期应以秋接为主、春接为辅,秋季嫁接时闯长达二个半月,成活率高而稳定、生长期较长;砧木和接穗的年龄对成活率无大影响,建议用多年生(3—5年)接穗嫁接,以利提早结实;一年生双砧嫁接,是快速育苗的重要手段之一。