A Comparison of Comprehension Processes in Sign Language Interpreter Videos with or without Captions

One important theme in captioning is whether the implementation of captions in individual sign language interpreter videos can positively affect viewers’ comprehension when compared with sign language interpreter videos without captions. In our study, an experiment was conducted using four video clips with information about everyday events. Fifty-one deaf and hard of hearing sign language users alternately watched the sign language interpreter videos with, and without, captions. Afterwards, they answered ten questions. The results showed that the presence of captions positively affected their rates of comprehension, which increased by 24% among deaf viewers and 42% among hard of hearing viewers. The most obvious differences in comprehension between watching sign language interpreter videos with and without captions were found for the subjects of hiking and culture, where comprehension was higher when captions were used. The results led to suggestions for the consistent use of captions in sign language interpreter videos in various media.     

Correction to: Characterization,the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Exopolysaccharide Isolated from Poultry Origin Lactobacilli

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes. Replacements are needed on the following figures and captions:     

Correction to: Use of response surface methodology for optimizing the media of establishment and proliferation phases of Iranian seedless barberry

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - There was a mix-up of figures, figure captions and citations throughout the initial online publication. The original article has been corrected.     

Full Text and Figure Display Improves Bioscience Literature Search

When reading bioscience journal articles, many researchers focus attention on the figures and their captions. This observation led to the development of the BioText literature search engine [1], a freely available Web-based application that allows biologists to search over the contents of Open Access Journals, and see figures from the articles displayed directly in the search results. This article presents a qualitative assessment of this system in the form of a usability study with 20 biologist participants using and commenting on the system. 19 out of 20 participants expressed a desire to use a bioscience literature search engine that displays articles'' figures alongside the full text search results. 15 out of 20 participants said they would use a caption search and figure display interface either frequently or sometimes, while 4 said rarely and 1 said undecided. 10 out of 20 participants said they would use a tool for searching the text of tables and their captions either frequently or sometimes, while 7 said they would use it rarely if at all, 2 said they would never use it, and 1 was undecided. This study found evidence, supporting results of an earlier study, that bioscience literature search systems such as PubMed should show figures from articles alongside search results. It also found evidence that full text and captions should be searched along with the article title, metadata, and abstract. Finally, for a subset of users and information needs, allowing for explicit search within captions for figures and tables is a useful function, but it is not entirely clear how to cleanly integrate this within a more general literature search interface. Such a facility supports Open Access publishing efforts, as it requires access to full text of documents and the lifting of restrictions in order to show figures in the search interface.     

ERRATUM

In this paper, Figures 5 and 6 were unfortunately printed (throughno fault of the authors) in the wrong positions. The diagramon page 291 should correctly be positioned on page 292 and viceversa. The captions are in the correct positions.     

Authors index

Hydrobiologia 361: 201–223, 1998. Due to technical problems, Figures 91–94 on page 217 of the above volume were poorly reproduced. We now present the correct figures with their captions, on page 218 of this volume.     

High Noon in the Rain Forest

Guido Boggiani. Fotograf. Fotografo. Fotografo. Photographer. Pavel Fric and Yvonna Fricova. eds. Nakladatelsvi Titanic, Praha, 1997. 82 photographs. 137 pp. Text and captions are in Czech, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and English.     

BioText Search Engine: beyond abstract search

The BioText Search Engine is a freely available Web-based application that provides biologists with new ways to access the scientific literature. One novel feature is the ability to search and browse article figures and their captions. A grid view juxtaposes many different figures associated with the same keywords, providing new insight into the literature. An abstract/title search and list view shows at a glance many of the figures associated with each article. The interface is carefully designed according to usability principles and techniques. The search engine is a work in progress, and more functionality will be added over time. Availability: http://biosearch.berkeley.edu.     

ERRATUM: A review of the genus Eodiaptomus Kiefer, 1932, with the description of E. sanuamuangae n.sp. from Thailannd, and a redescriptionn of E.lumholtzi (Sars, 1889) from Australia (Copepoda, Calanoida)

Hydrobiologia 361: 169–189, 1998. Due to technical problems, Figures 73–84 and Figures 85–94 were unfortunately omitted from pages 182 and 183, respectively, of the above volume, duplicates of Figures 1–6 appearing in their place. We now present the correct Figures with their captions, on pages 214 and 215 of this volume. Additionally there are four corrections to Table 1, which appeared on pages 186-188     

Erratum to Central European Journal of Biology, Volume 8, Issue 9

Paper by Osyczka and Rola “Cladonia lichens as the most effective and essential pioneers in strongly contaminated slag dumps” in Volume 8, Issue 9, 876–887 / September 2013; DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0210-0 contains incorrect units in Table 2 and Table 3. The correct Tables 2 and 3, together with their captions are presented below.     

Corrigendum: Effect of soil temperature on nutrient allocation and mycorrhizas in Scots pine seedlings

(Plant and Soil 239: 173–185, 2002.)An inadvertent omission of figure captions occurred in the article by Domisch et al. Please find the correct captions below: Figure 1. Relationship between the numbers of root tips identified by the WinRHIZO programme and counted manually under a dissecting microscope (n = 128). Figure 2. (A) N, (B) P and (C) Ca content and allocation within different parts of the seedlings at 3, 6 and 9 weeks and at soil temperatures of 5, 9, 13 and 17°C. The P and Ca content of the new roots in all harvests at 5 °C and in the first harvest at 9 °C is estimated (see text for details) (n = 14). Standard errors are indicated. Figure 3. (A) Al and (B) Fe content and allocation within different parts of the seedlings at 3, 6 and 9 weeks and at soil temperatures of 5, 9, 13 and 17 °C. The Al and Fe content of the new roots in all harvests at 5 °C and in the first harvest at 9 °C soil temperature is estimated (see text for details) (n=14). Standard errors are indicated. Figure 4. (A) Total numbers of tips of new roots and (B) their relative distributions within the groups at 3, 6 and 9 weeks and at soil temperatures of 5, 9, 13 and 17 °C (n = 14; ± standard errors) Figure 5. (A) Total numbers of mycorrhiza of new roots and (B) their relative distributions within the groups at 3, 6 and 9 weeks and at soil temperatures of 5, 9, 13 and 17 °C (n = 14; ± standard errors).     

First geo-marine survey of living cold-water Lophelia reefs in the Ionian Sea (Mediterranean basin)

Abstract Prosperous deep coral mounds including living colonies of Lophelia pertusa together with Madrepora oculata and Desmophyllum dianthus (= D. cristagalli) have been discovered in 2000, by fishery operations on the eastern side of the Ionian Sea. The living coral mounds are located between ca. 300 and 1,100 m on a gently dipping shelf off Apulia at Santa Maria di Leuca (SML), and characterized by a complex seabed topography. Side scan sonar, shallow high-resolution seismics and sampling indicate that these Lophelia-bearing coral mounds colonize quasi-indurate (firmground) Pleistocene sediment. At places live corals were found on Pleistocene coral-hardgrounds. The fauna associated with these Ionian modern coral mounds is less diversified than modern Eastern Atlantic counterparts. The core of living coral mounds colonies is at present located in 500–700 m and is tentatively suggested that their survival is mostly controlled by oceanographic factors. The SML coral banks represent so far a unique example of living Lophelia-bearing coral mounds in the Mediterranean basin.This revised version was published online in January 2005 with corrections to the author name and figure captions 4 and 5.     

Heat exchange in the cryosurgery of Menière's disease: Experimental and clinical studies

The temperature course in the lateral semicircular canal and in the facial canal was studied in experiments during freezing of the semicircular canal. The course of the temperature was measured with thermocouples. Concurrently, the heat flow was measured, and also the total heat exchange was measured throughout the freezing period by a thermoelectric heat flowmeter incorporated in the cryotip. The measurements showed correlation between the total amount of heat exchanged, the freezing time, and the temperature in the semicircular canal. This correlation was utilized to assess and calculate (the temperature of the lateral semicircular canal) the course of the cryoprocess in vivo, where it is possible to measure the heat flow and the total heat exchange during the freezing period only.

2. Results upon Vertigo

     

17.

Medieval herbal iconography and lexicography of Cucumis (cucumber and melon, Cucurbitaceae) in the Occident, 1300-1458     

Paris HS  Janick J  Daunay MC 《Annals of botany》2011,108(3):471-484

     

18.

A framework for biomedical figure segmentation towards image-based document retrieval     

Luis D Lopez  Jingyi Yu  Cecilia Arighi  Catalina O Tudor  Manabu Torii  Hongzhan Huang  K Vijay-Shanker  Cathy Wu 《BMC systems biology》2013,7(Z4):S8

The figures included in many of the biomedical publications play an important role in understanding the biological experiments and facts described within. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to integrate the information that is extracted from figures in classical document classification and retrieval tasks in order to improve their accuracy. One important observation about the figures included in biomedical publications is that they are often composed of multiple subfigures or panels, each describing different methodologies or results. The use of these multimodal figures is a common practice in bioscience, as experimental results are graphically validated via multiple methodologies or procedures. Thus, for a better use of multimodal figures in document classification or retrieval tasks, as well as for providing the evidence source for derived assertions, it is important to automatically segment multimodal figures into subfigures and panels. This is a challenging task, however, as different panels can contain similar objects (i.e., barcharts and linecharts) with multiple layouts. Also, certain types of biomedical figures are text-heavy (e.g., DNA sequences and protein sequences images) and they differ from traditional images. As a result, classical image segmentation techniques based on low-level image features, such as edges or color, are not directly applicable to robustly partition multimodal figures into single modal panels.In this paper, we describe a robust solution for automatically identifying and segmenting unimodal panels from a multimodal figure. Our framework starts by robustly harvesting figure-caption pairs from biomedical articles. We base our approach on the observation that the document layout can be used to identify encoded figures and figure boundaries within PDF files. Taking into consideration the document layout allows us to correctly extract figures from the PDF document and associate their corresponding caption. We combine pixel-level representations of the extracted images with information gathered from their corresponding captions to estimate the number of panels in the figure. Thus, our approach simultaneously identifies the number of panels and the layout of figures.In order to evaluate the approach described here, we applied our system on documents containing protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and compared the results against a gold standard that was annotated by biologists. Experimental results showed that our automatic figure segmentation approach surpasses pure caption-based and image-based approaches, achieving a 96.64% accuracy. To allow for efficient retrieval of information, as well as to provide the basis for integration into document classification and retrieval systems among other, we further developed a web-based interface that lets users easily retrieve panels containing the terms specified in the user queries.     

19.

The respiratory system of the femaleVarroa jacobsoni (Oudemans): its adaptations to a range of environmental conditions     

P. J. A. Pugh  P. E. King  M. R. Fordy 《Experimental & applied acarology》1992,15(2):123-139

The morphology of the respiratory system of the femaleVarroa jacobsoni (Oudemans, 1904) is described. The mobile, appendage-like, emergent peritreme may be raised to lie against the ventral integument or lowered between the third and fourth pair of legs. It is raised when the mite is submerged in the liquid food of the host's brood chamber, where respiration occurs via an external plastron, formed by an airfilm trapped between the rough cuticle of the ventral integument and the retracted legs. The peritreme is also raised when the mite is outside the hive in sub-saturated air, to reduce water vapour transpiration, and it is lowered in the carbon-dioxide-rich and water-saturated hive atmosphere, where it facilitates rapid removal of carbon dioxide. Thus gaseous exchange in the female mites may be adjusted by the position of the peritreme.Key to captions a ascending limb of peritrematic groove - c hollow (haemocoel) core of peritreme - d descending limb of peritrematic groove - e endocuticle - f flange of the inner stigmatic orifice - g peritrematic groove - i funnel of inner stigmatic orifice - k circum-spiracular pocket at base of peritreme - 1 peritrematic slit - m micropapillae - n fringe of marginal setae - o outer stigmatic orifice (=stigma) - p emergent peritreme - r rough integument at bases of leg coxae - s stigmatic atrium - t tracheal atrium - u outer lip of outr stigmatic orifice - v inner lip of outer stigmatic orifice - x tracheal trunks - z thick cuticle of peritrematic groove - 1,2,3,4 numbers of legs or leg coxae     

20.

A digital thermocouple thermometer     

A R Hayes 《Cryobiology》1974,11(4):378-381

Measurements of the reproducibility of a random selection of copper/constantan thermocouples were made and it was found that they agreed within 1 ° C. Based on this finding, a digital thermocouple thermometer was designed and constructed incorporating a thermocouple linearizer and cold junction compensation. The instrument

Accuracy of the Completed Digital Thermometer

	No Vertigo	Improved	Unchanged
Number of patients	7	5	3

     

Temperature	Indicated	Error
(°C)	temperature	(°C)
	(°C)
?1.95.75	?195	0.75
?77.02	?78	0.38
0	0	0
52.49	53	0.51
Mean		0.413

A framework for biomedical figure segmentation towards image-based document retrieval

The figures included in many of the biomedical publications play an important role in understanding the biological experiments and facts described within. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to integrate the information that is extracted from figures in classical document classification and retrieval tasks in order to improve their accuracy. One important observation about the figures included in biomedical publications is that they are often composed of multiple subfigures or panels, each describing different methodologies or results. The use of these multimodal figures is a common practice in bioscience, as experimental results are graphically validated via multiple methodologies or procedures. Thus, for a better use of multimodal figures in document classification or retrieval tasks, as well as for providing the evidence source for derived assertions, it is important to automatically segment multimodal figures into subfigures and panels. This is a challenging task, however, as different panels can contain similar objects (i.e., barcharts and linecharts) with multiple layouts. Also, certain types of biomedical figures are text-heavy (e.g., DNA sequences and protein sequences images) and they differ from traditional images. As a result, classical image segmentation techniques based on low-level image features, such as edges or color, are not directly applicable to robustly partition multimodal figures into single modal panels.In this paper, we describe a robust solution for automatically identifying and segmenting unimodal panels from a multimodal figure. Our framework starts by robustly harvesting figure-caption pairs from biomedical articles. We base our approach on the observation that the document layout can be used to identify encoded figures and figure boundaries within PDF files. Taking into consideration the document layout allows us to correctly extract figures from the PDF document and associate their corresponding caption. We combine pixel-level representations of the extracted images with information gathered from their corresponding captions to estimate the number of panels in the figure. Thus, our approach simultaneously identifies the number of panels and the layout of figures.In order to evaluate the approach described here, we applied our system on documents containing protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and compared the results against a gold standard that was annotated by biologists. Experimental results showed that our automatic figure segmentation approach surpasses pure caption-based and image-based approaches, achieving a 96.64% accuracy. To allow for efficient retrieval of information, as well as to provide the basis for integration into document classification and retrieval systems among other, we further developed a web-based interface that lets users easily retrieve panels containing the terms specified in the user queries.     

The respiratory system of the femaleVarroa jacobsoni (Oudemans): its adaptations to a range of environmental conditions

The morphology of the respiratory system of the femaleVarroa jacobsoni (Oudemans, 1904) is described. The mobile, appendage-like, emergent peritreme may be raised to lie against the ventral integument or lowered between the third and fourth pair of legs. It is raised when the mite is submerged in the liquid food of the host's brood chamber, where respiration occurs via an external plastron, formed by an airfilm trapped between the rough cuticle of the ventral integument and the retracted legs. The peritreme is also raised when the mite is outside the hive in sub-saturated air, to reduce water vapour transpiration, and it is lowered in the carbon-dioxide-rich and water-saturated hive atmosphere, where it facilitates rapid removal of carbon dioxide. Thus gaseous exchange in the female mites may be adjusted by the position of the peritreme.Key to captions a ascending limb of peritrematic groove - c hollow (haemocoel) core of peritreme - d descending limb of peritrematic groove - e endocuticle - f flange of the inner stigmatic orifice - g peritrematic groove - i funnel of inner stigmatic orifice - k circum-spiracular pocket at base of peritreme - 1 peritrematic slit - m micropapillae - n fringe of marginal setae - o outer stigmatic orifice (=stigma) - p emergent peritreme - r rough integument at bases of leg coxae - s stigmatic atrium - t tracheal atrium - u outer lip of outr stigmatic orifice - v inner lip of outer stigmatic orifice - x tracheal trunks - z thick cuticle of peritrematic groove - 1,2,3,4 numbers of legs or leg coxae     

A digital thermocouple thermometer

Measurements of the reproducibility of a random selection of copper/constantan thermocouples were made and it was found that they agreed within 1 ° C. Based on this finding, a digital thermocouple thermometer was designed and constructed incorporating a thermocouple linearizer and cold junction compensation. The instrument

Accuracy of the Completed Digital Thermometer