THE INFLUENCE OF KARATE PRACTICE LEVEL AND SEX ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PERCEPTUAL RESPONSES IN THREE MODERN KARATE TRAINING MODALITIES

Objective

The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of karate practice level (national vs international level) and sex (women vs men) on physiological and perceptual responses in three modern karate training modalities (tactical-technical (TT), technical-development (TD), and randori).

Method

The study included 18 karatekas participating in an eight-session training camp of four TT, two TD, and two randori. During each session, the percentage of maximal heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration [La^-], and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed.

Results

The main results showed that the percentage of maximal HR was significantly higher in women than in men regardless of practice level or training modality (70.3 ± 4.1 vs 66.2 ± 6.3, respectively). Moreover, [La^-] and RPE were significantly lower in international-level karatekas compared with their national-level counterparts whatever the sex or training modality ([La^-] = 11.4 ± 2.6 vs 8.3 ± 2.4 mmol · L^-1 and RPE = 3.6 ± 1.2 vs 4.3 ± 1.5, respectively). Last, physiological and perceptual responses were significantly higher during randori in comparison with TT and TD for both sexes.

Conclusion

The combination of [La^-] and RPE thus seems to be a good indicator for discriminating between national- and international-level karatekas, and randori seems to be an effective means to reproduce official karate sparring.     

狗的无氧阈与骨骼肌某些特征在锻炼、脱锻炼动态变化中的关系

本实验在体力锻炼与脱锻炼过程中观察了五条成年雄性杂种狗的无氧阈(AT)、骨骼肌毛细血管密度(cap/mm~2)、毛细血管数与肌纤维数之比(C:F)、肌纤维组成——慢肌纤维百分比(％ST)以及毛细血管弥散距离(弥散距离)的变化。结果表明:锻炼前AT与cap/mm~2、C:F,％ST及弥散距离均分别有显著相关。锻炼后第五周,AT、cap/mm~2、C:F和％ST分别增加了40.9％、12.2％、22.9％和2.4％,弥散距离降低6.3％,其中只有AT的增加有显著意义,锻炼十周后,AT增加68.2％(P<0.001)、cap/mm~2增加37.8％(P<0.05)、C:F增加78.1％(P<0.001),弥散距离降低17.0％(P<0.01)而％ST无显著变化。停止锻炼后第五周,AT等各指标都有降低的趋势,但无显著意义,停止锻炼后第12周,AT、cap/mm~2,C:F,％ST分别降低了18.9％、10.9％、10.5％、2.9％,弥散距离增加5.1％,其中除AT的降低有显著意义外,其余指标的变化均无显著意义。与锻炼前相比,这些指标的变化。除％ST外,仍有显著变化。在锻炼与脱锻炼的过程中,AT与cap/mm~2、C:F、弥散距离在各期或整个过程中均呈显著相关,但与％ST相关不显著。实验结果提示,骨骼肌的毛细血管供应状况是决定无氧阈的重要因素之一。     

神经肽Y和去甲肾上腺素在杏仁内侧核内影响血压和心率中的相互作用

分别向杏仁内侧核（ＭＡＮ）内微量注射去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ）或神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）。ＮＡ引起血压升高,心率加快;而ＮＰＹ引起血压降低,心率减慢。如果注入不能改变血压的小剂量ＮＰＹ,则可抑制ＮＡ引起的升压作用,反映ＮＰＹ与ＮＡ共同参与心血管活动的中枢性调节过程。向ＭＡＮ中注射ＮＰＹ后血中ＮＡ的含量也相应降低,表明在ＭＡＮ中注射ＮＰＹ引起的血压、心率反应是通过降低血浆中ＮＡ含量而实现的。     

女子足球运动员比赛时心率和赛后血乳酸浓度的研究

在比赛条件下观察了12名女子足球运动员的心率和血乳酸的变化。上、下半场比赛时,心率在170次/分以上者分别占总记录次数的20.8％和13.0％,心率小于150次/分者则分别为37.5％和48.2％。上、下半场赛后血乳酸分别为33.9±8.29mg％和21.64±6.96mg％(P相似文献   

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HEART RATE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF PERFORMANCE IN TOP-LEVEL WATER POLO PLAYERS

The aim of this study was to measure the heart rate (HR) response of eight elite water polo players during the four 7-min quarters of the game and to check for relationships with the physiological parameters of performance (V.O₂max, Th1_vent, Th2_vent). Each athlete performed a V.O₂max treadmill test and played a water polo game wearing a heart rate monitor. The game fatigue index was calculated as the ratio of the fourth-quarter HR to the first-quarter HR: HR₄/HR₁. The results showed a slight decrease in fourth-quarter HR compared with the first quarter, with the mean four-quarter HR equal to 79.9±4.2% of HR_max. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed V.O₂max to be the main explanatory factor of game intensity, i.e. game HR expressed in %HR_reserve (R=0.88, P<0.01). We observed that higher aerobic capacity resulted in higher game intensity. We also observed a decrease in the playing intensity in the fourth quarter compared with the first, likely due to very high game involvement. We concluded that high aerobic capacity seems necessary to ensure high game intensity in water polo. This suggests that coaches should encourage their athletes to reach a minimum level of V.O₂max and that HR monitoring could be of great interest in the control of water polo training sessions.     

电刺激兔肾脏传入神经对血压,心率及加压素释放的影响

本工作以兔为实验对象,观察电刺激肾脏传入神经（ＡＲＮ）对血压、心率、颈交感神经放电、以及加压素（ＡＶＰ）合成和释放的影响,并对ＡＲＮ进入中枢的通路作了观察。结果显示,电刺激ＡＲＮ可以引起血压下降、心率减慢、颈交感神经放电抑制等反应,ＡＲＮ的兴奋还可使下丘脑的视上核、室旁核中的ＡＶＰ含量增加,垂体中ＡＶＰ含量下降,血浆ＡＶＰ水平升高。硝普钠的降压实验和静脉注射ＡＶＰ受体阻断剂ＡＶＰａ的实验均证实了Ａ