Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Habenaria</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Orchidaceae</Emphasis>) from the Brazilian cerrado and campo rupestre

Summary  Two new species, Habenaria ciliatisepala and H. egleriana (Orchidaceae, Orchideae), from the cerrado of central Brazil and campo rupestre of the Espinha?o mountain range in Minas Gerais and Bahia, are described and illustrated.     

New species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chalybea</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Huilaea</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae)

One new species each is proposed in Chalybea and Huilaea (Melastomataceae: Blakeeae). Chalybea peruviana has elliptic, 5-plinerved leaves with entire, revolute margins, inflorescences with 33–39 flowers, and is endemic to Peru. Huilaea calyptrata has inflorescences with 15–17, irregularly calyptrate flowers, anthers with a warty connective in the shape of an inverted hand fan, and is endemic to Ecuador. A key to the eight species of Huilaea is provided.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alloneuron</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae) from northern Peru

Alloneuron glomeratum, a new species of Melastomataceae from the Marañón Valley in northern Peru, is described and illustrated. This new species can be quickly recognized and differentiated from other species in Alloneuron by the presence of pseudo-glomerulate inflorescences.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calathea</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Marantaceae</Emphasis>) from South-eastern Brazil

Summary   Calathea dryadica and Calathea reginae are described, circumscribed and illustrated. These new species are probably endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro State in Southeast Brazil and are considered critically endangered because of the restricted geographic area of occurrence, sometimes enclosed by densely urbanised areas.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leandra altomacaensis</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae), a new species from Brazil

Leandra altomacaensis (sect. Oxymeris), a new endemic species of Melastomataceae from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described and illustrated. Diagnostic characteristics of the species are the leaves sparsely stellulate-lepidote, triplinerved, and calyx lobes small, with apex acute-apiculate. Leandra gracilis var. glazioviana is proposed as a synonym of this new species.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erythroxylum</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhabdophyllum</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Erythroxylaceae</Emphasis>) from north-eastern Brazil

Summary   Erythroxylum longisetulosum I. Loiola & M. F. Sales and E. timothei I. Loiola & M. F. Sales (sect. Rhabdophyllum) from north-eastern Brazil are described and illustrated, and their taxonomic and ecological relationships are discussed.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lirula</Emphasis> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies</Emphasis> from Japan

Two new species of Lirula (L. japonica and L. exigua) on Abies mariesii collected in subalpine areas of northern Japan are described as members of Rhytismatales, Discomycetes. Lirula japonica causes needle cast in fir, but L. exigua seems to occur on the needles of physically damaged twigs. Morphological characteristics of both species are discussed.     

Two new Brazilian species and new combinations in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euploca</Emphasis> (Heliotropiaceae)

Summary  Two new species of Euploca (Heliotropiaceae): E. krapovickasii J. I. M. Melo & Semir and E. pottii J. I. M. Melo & Semir are described for Brazil, and 12 new combinations are proposed in neotropical Euploca. Discussions of taxonomic relationships based on morphology, with illustrations and information on geographical distribution, flowering and fruiting phenology are presented.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Miconia</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae,Miconieae) from the Brazilian northern border and adjacent French Guiana

Two new species of Miconia from northern Amazonia area described. Miconia amapaënsis has been collected in the Brazilian state of Amapá and in nearby locations in northern Pará and southern French Guiana. It has remarkable seeds, with both the appendix and seed coat covered with long papillae. Miconia forzzae has been collected on the Brazilian side of the Neblina Massif, in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, close to the border with Venezuela. It has 4-merous flowers, with a terete hypanthium, yellow stamens, the ovary apex with unbranched trichomes, and a punctiform stigma. This species may be endangered, considering its narrow distribution, and the fact that it was collected between 2000 and 2100 m elevation in an isolated mountain range with no neighboring mountains with similar height, but we assess its conservation status as “data deficient”, due to a lack of knowledge on the situation of the populations and the number of individuals.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stylogyne</Emphasis> (Myrsinaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Stylogyne araujoana, a new endemic species from the Atlantic Forest Region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil is described, illustrated, and mapped. Its relationships with Stylogyne pauciflora and Stylogyne sordida are discussed, and comments concerning the taxonomy, ecology, and conservation status are provided. Micromorphological leaf characters are illustrated and discussed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Miconia complanata</Emphasis> (Miconieae: Melastomataceae)<Emphasis Type="Italic">,</Emphasis> a new species from the border between Ecuador and Peru

We describe a new species native to Ecuador and Peru, Miconia complanata . This species has been collected from two different localities: Parque Nacional Podocarpus (Ecuador) and Cordillera del Cóndor (Ecuador and Peru). The strongly quadrangular to winged stem, ridged nodes and coriaceous leaves make this species distinctive even within a large genus.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Miconia</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sagraea</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae) from the Macaya Biosphere Reserve,Haiti, and twelve relevant new species combinations

The Sagraea clade (Melastomataceae, tribe Miconieae) is briefly characterized, typified, and formally treated as a section within Miconia. In addition, two new species of Miconia sect. Sagraea, endemic to the floristically diverse Massif de la Hotte of southwestern Haiti and discovered during the course of a systematic revision of the Caribbean species of this section, are here described and illustrated. Miconia hottensis and M. navifolia, morphologically similar and possible sister species, are compared to each other and to the widespread Caribbean species M. capillaris and the southwestern Dominican Republic endemic M. tetraptera; these four species share rectangular stems with four low ridges or wings and minute, short-stalked, peltate or pseudopeltate hairs and likely form a clade.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Miconia</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae) from Amazonas,Brazil

Miconia manauara has been collected several times in two municipalities in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and once in nearby Pará. It can be recognized among species in Miconia sect. Miconia by the leaves with obtuse to rounded bases, entire margins, cuspidate apices and five basal to shortly suprabasal nerves. The leaves also have glabrous mature adaxial leaf surfaces and the abaxial surface with two indument layers, the first consisting of moderate to dense, ferruginous, sessile stellate trichomes, 0.1–0.2 mm diam., and the second consisting of a dense, granulose-furfuraceous layer. The inflorescences are glomerulate, the 5-merous flowers have a caducous calyx, minutely papillose petals, ten stamens that are ventrally bilobed and with a small dorsal, obtuse tooth, and the ovaries are furfuraceous and usually covered by unbranched trichomes on their apices.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Beilschmiedia vestita</Emphasis> (Lauraceae), a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest

A new species of Lauraceae, Beilschmiedia vestita, from the Brazilian Atlantic forest, in Minas Gerais state, is described and illustrated. Its morphological similarities and differences in relation to other species of Beilschmiedia are discussed. Distribution, habitat, phenology, etymology, and the IUCN Red List category are also provided.     

Revised treatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Memecylon</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Afzeliana</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Melastomataceae: Olisbeoideae</Emphasis>), including three new species from Cameroon

Summary  Seven new names at species rank are proposed in Memecylon sect. Afzeliana Jacq.-Fél., a group of forest shrubs and small trees confined to Guineo-Congolian Africa. The group is centred in Cameroon, where 17 of the 20 species occur. A new flower type, the “star-flower” in Memecylon is revealed, and its taxonomic and ecological importance discussed. Three new, locally endemic species from the South West Province of Cameroon are described, mapped and illustrated: M. kupeanum R. D. Stone, Ghogue & Cheek, M. bakossiense R. D. Stone, Ghogue & Cheek, and M. rheophyticum R. D. Stone, Ghogue & Cheek. Two new names, M. accedens R. D. Stone, Ghogue & Cheek and M. hyleastrum R. D. Stone & Ghogue and one new combination, M. mamfeanum (Jacq.-Fél.) R. D. Stone, Ghogue & Cheek are provided at species level for three taxa originally proposed as varieties of M. afzelii G. Don. The taxon M. arcuatomarginatum var. simulans Jacq.-Fél. is also elevated to species status, as M. simulans (Jacq.-Fél.) R. D. Stone & Ghogue. Conservation assessments are provided for all the newly named taxa. A key is provided to the species of Memecylon sect. Afzeliana.