共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
Han Gil Choi Young Sik Kim Soon Jeong Lee Ki Wan Nam 《Journal of applied phycology》2007,19(2):131-138
Monthly growth and reproduction of Undaria pinnatifida sporophytes were examined over a period of 5 months in a cultivation farm in Korea. A total of 11 characters of Undaria were measured to determine a reliable morphological character representing its growth and reproduction. Plant weight of Undaria sporophytes increased steadily over the experimental period, but it increased in four different ways. Undaria pinnatifida increased body weight by growth in length and width (October–early December), and by growth in width with the thickening
of blade and stipe when sporophytes began to be fertile (December–January). In the middle of January, growth in length and
width had almost stopped with the maturation of Undaria sporophytes. Finally, the weight of Undaria increased again by growth in width at the end of February. Present results indicate that Undaria sporophytes increase body weight by growth in length and width at different times, and the relationship between reproduction
and vegetative growth is exclusive. Plant weight was positively correlated and fitted well with stipe width and blade width.
The blade of Undaria was very thin (ca. 254 μm) and breakable by wave action, but its stipe was strong and relatively thick (ca. 8.7 mm). Furthermore,
the fertility of U. pinnatifida was fitted better with stipe width than blade width. Thus, we suggest that the stipe width is the most feasible character
with which to estimate the growth and reproduction of U. pinnatifida sporophytes in the cultivation farm. 相似文献
2.
The morphological variability of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida was studied in Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan). Comparison of the morphology of algae growing at eight sites of the bay that have different water movement revealed three phenotypically different population groups. A discriminant analysis of a set of morphological traits demonstrated that the width of the undivided part of the lamina and the stipe length make the most significant contribution to the discrimination of the detected groups. Analysis of the environmental dependence of morphological traits showed that lamina width and width of undivided part of lamina depend generally on water movement intensity, whereas the stipe length and thallus length are influenced by light intensity and surf degree. 相似文献
3.
Nobuyoshi Nanba Takayuki Fujiwara Kazuyuki Kuwano Yutaka Ishikawa Hisao Ogawa Ryusuke Kado 《Aquatic Botany》2009
Gametophyte strains originating from indigenous sporophytes of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar in Iwate Prefecture, Northeast Japan, were maintained for 9–10 months at 45 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Before cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for more than 12 h (1–14 days) using a two-step cooling method with a mixture of cryoprotectants (10% l-proline and 10% glycerol), these were pre-incubated for 2, 4 and 8 months at 15 μmol photons m−2 s−1. After 1 week of thawing, no surviving gametophytes were detected in the strains without pre-incubation, but both the female and male gametophytes, pre-incubated for more than 4 months, showed high survival rates (43–60% for females and 64–100% for males). This revealed the induction of freezing tolerance by incubation at low irradiance. Thereafter, sporophytes derived from cryopreserved gametophytes and subcultured gametophytes, stored under pre-incubation conditions, were formed from the strain, and a morphological comparison was conducted with 10 characters (stipe length, stipe wet weight, blade length, blade wet weight, blade width, incision depth, blade thickness, sporophyll length, sporophyll wet weight, and sporophyll width). The morphology of the sporophytes formed from the cryopreserved gametophytes corresponded well with that of the subcultured gametophytes from the same strain. The results suggest that the cryopreservation method is applicable for preserving culture stocks of U. pinnatifida to be used in mariculture. 相似文献
4.
Yukihiko Serisawa Yasutsugu Yokohama Yusho Aruga Jiro Tanaka 《Phycological Research》2002,50(3):201-207
Transplanting experiments were carried out to determine whether the small type sporophytes with short stipe of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) growing in a locality with warm temperatures, change into larger type with a long stipe when transplanted to a locality with cooler temperatures. Juvenile E. cava sporophytes, having a stipe shorter than 5 cm long were collected from Tei in Tosa Bay (southern Japan) (seawater temperature 15–29°C) and transplanted to Nabeta Bay (central Japan) (seawater temperature 13–25°C), where larger type E. cava sporophytes characterized by long stipe (ca 1 m) grow. They were attached to artificial reefs at the sea bottom (9 m depth) in Nabeta Bay to monitor their growth. For comparison, juvenile E. cava sporophytes of almost similar size growing in Nabeta Bay were also transplanted in the same way to the same experimental site. Observations of growth of sporophytes from Tei and Nabeta were carried out monthly for 2 years from November 1995 to October 1997. The transplanted Tei and Nabeta sporophytes showed an increase in stipe length and diameter from winter to spring, whereas almost no increase was observed during summer and autumn. At the end of the study period, the stipe of Nabeta sporophytes reached 25.6 cm in length and 17.0 mm in diameter, whereas that of Tei sporophytes reached 11.1 cm in length and 11.2 mm in diameter. The primary blade length was 16.0 cm in Nabeta sporophytes, whereas it was 5.5 cm in Tei sporophytes. Thus, Tei sporophytes still remained smaller than Nabeta sporophytes even under the same environmental conditions. 相似文献
5.
Yukihiko Serisawa Hideki Akino Kazuyo Matsuyama Masao Ohno Jiro Tanaka Yasutsugu Yokohama 《Phycological Research》2002,50(3):193-199
Sporophytes of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) were collected seasonally from within 3–4 replicate, 1‐m2 quadrates, haphazardly placed in dense assemblages at 6–9 m depth in Tei, Tosa Bay (southern Japan; water temperature 15–29°C) from 1995 to 1996, and in Nabeta Bay, Shimoda (central Japan; water temperature 13–25°C) from 1996 to 1997. Growth rings were checked for all samples and mean values of each biometric parameter of sporophytes 1‐year‐old and over were compared. The plant length (stipe length + primary blade length) was always shorter in Tei sporophytes (24–52 cm) than Nabeta sporophytes (70–100 cm), the difference being mainly owing to the shorter stipe length in Tei sporophytes (7–14 cm) than in Nabeta sporophytes (54–83 cm). However, the primary blade length was sometimes longer in Tei sporophytes (12–38 cm) than in Nabeta sporophytes (14–21 cm). Stipe diameter, longest bladelet length and primary blade width were mostly less in Tei sporophytes (8.6–12.4 mm, 5.5–7.0 cm and 23.4–38.0 cm, respectively) than Nabeta sporophytes (16.4–20.2 mm, 9.2–12.0 cm and 43.0–52.6 cm, respectively). Nevertheless, the number of bladelets of sporophytes from Tei (15–28) and Nabeta (18–29) were within the same range. At Tei, 32–43% of the sporophytes had wrinkled blades in summer and autumn, whereas wrinkled primary blades or bladelets were not observed in Nabeta sporophytes throughout the experimental period. These morphometric differences of E. cava between the two localities are suggested to be dependent on environmental factors, especially seawater temperature. 相似文献
6.
Xiaojie Li Guanpin Yang Yuanyuan Shi Yizhou Cong Shi Che Shancun Qu Zhiling Li 《Journal of applied phycology》2008,20(6):1097-1102
Eighteen microsatellite markers were used to determine the genetic distances between the parental gametophyte clones of 14
Laminaria hybrids, which were then used to establish a linear relationship with the heterosis (hybrid vigor) of economic traits including
yield, mean blade try weight, mean blade fresh weight, blade length, blade width and mean blade thickness using regression
analysis. Significant regression was found between the genetic distance (x) and the heterosis (y) of yield (y = 115.10x − 77.97,
r = 0.8151, p = 0.00038), mean blade dry weight (y = 115.23x −77.97, r = 0.8154, p = 0.00038), mean blade fresh weight (y = 100.08x − 57.85, r = 0.7306, p = 0.0030) and blade length (y = 204.11x − 46.77, r = 0.6963, p = 0.00566). The prediction of the heterosis of Laminaria hybrids with the genetic distance between parental gametophyte clones will facilitate the selection of elite Laminaria hybrids by avoiding the time-consuming and labor-intensive trait evaluation of a large number of hybridization combinations. 相似文献
7.
Hiroshi Kawai Takeaki Hanyuda Mandy Lindeberg Sandra C. Lindstrom 《Journal of phycology》2008,44(4):1013-1021
A previously unknown species of kelp was collected on Kagamil Island, Aleutian Islands. The species can be easily distinguished from any known laminarialean alga: the erect sporophytic thallus is composed of a thin lanceolate blade attaining ~2 m in height and ~0.50 m in width, without midrib, and the edge of the blade at the transition zone is thickened to form a V‐shape; the stipe is solid and flattened, slightly translucent, attaining ~1 m in length; the holdfast is semidiscoidal and up to 0.15 m in diameter. Anatomically, the blade has the typical trumpet‐shaped hyphae characteristic of the Chordaceae and derived foliose laminarialean species (i.e., Alariaceae/Laminariaceae/Lessoniaceae). No hair pits or mucilaginous structures were observed on the blade or stipe. No fertile sporophytes were collected, but abundant juvenile sporophytes were observed in the field. In the molecular phylogenetic analyses using chloroplast rbcL gene, nuclear ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 rDNA, and mitochondria nad6 DNA sequences, the new species (Aureophycus aleuticus gen. et sp. nov.) showed a closer relationship with Alariaceae of conventional taxonomy, or the “Group 1” clade of Lane et al. (2006) including Alaria and related taxa than with other groups, although the species was not clearly included in the group. Aureophycus may be a key species in elucidating the evolution of the Alariaceae within the Laminariales. Because of the lack of information on reproductive organs and insufficient resolution of the molecular analyses, we refrain from assigning the new species to a family, but we place the new species in a new genus in the Laminariales. 相似文献
8.
The distribution of the enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) within the thallus of the brown alga Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lamour is described for plants sampled from the east coast of Scotland in May and June when growth rates are at a maximum. Highest NR activities (≈ 0.2 μmol NO3? reduced·g?1 wet wt·h?1) occurred in the mature blade. NR activities declined towards the basal meristematic region of the blade. Activities in the stipe and holdfast were also low, being between 0.05 and 0.07 μmol NO3? reduced·g?1 wet wt·h?1. The activities of the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS), which is important in the assimilation of NH4+, showed a similar distribution within the blade to those of NR.The transverse profile of NR activity in the stipe exhibited a decline from the outer to the inner tissues. Maximum activities (0.13 μmol NO3? reduced·g?1 wet wt·h?1) occurred in the meristoderm, while those of the cortex and medulla were 0.04 and 0.01 μmol NO3? reduced·g?1 wet wt·h?1 respectively.These data indicate that most of the NO3? assimilation occurs in the mature blade rather than in the meristematic tissue where there is a high nitrogen demand for growth. The data are consistent with the maintenance of meristematic growth by the internal transport of organic nitrogen from the mature blade. 相似文献
9.
Yukihiko Serisawa Masakazu Aoki Tetsu Hirata Alecia Bellgrove Akira Kurashima Yasutaka Tsuchiya Toshihiko Sato Hajime Ueda Yasutsugu Yokohama 《Journal of applied phycology》2003,15(4):311-318
Stipe lengths of sporophytes of Ecklonia cava Kjellman have been reported to be longer along the southeast than southwest coast of the Izu Peninsula, central Japan. Two bays in this region that have natural populations of E. cava, but with different stipe lengths, were chosen for transplant experiments to examine if stipe length was an environmentally controlled trait. Transplant experiments were carried out in order to determine whether large-type sporophytes of E. cava with long stipes growing in Nabeta Bay (southeast Izu Peninsula, Japan) would turn into small-type sporophytes with short stipes when transplanted to Nakagi Bay (southwest Izu Peninsula). Ten juvenile sporophytes of E. cava (stipe length < 5 cm) were collected from Nabeta Bay (large-type habitat) and transplanted to Nakagi Bay (short-type habitat) in December 1995. As a transplant control, ten juvenile sporophytes of E. cava growing in Nakagi Bay were also transplanted to the same artificial reefs. Growth and survival rates of the sporophytes were monitored monthly for 3 y until December 1998. The transplanted sporophytes showed an increase in their stipe length and diameter from winter to spring, whereas almost no increase was observed from summer to autumn. However, the elongation was greater in Nabeta sporophytes than in Nakagi sporophytes. The primary blade length increased mainly from winter to early spring and decreased largely in autumn. Average primary blade lengths were similar in both Nabeta and Nakagi sporophytes from the end of the first year of transplanting. Although ca. 70% of both Nabeta and Nakagi sporophytes survived during the first 2 y after transplantation, no Nakagi sporophytes and only two Nabeta sporophytes survived to the end of the 3 y study period. Despite transplantation to Nakagi Bay, where short sitpes are naturally present, the sporophytes from Nabeta Bay persisted in having longer stipes, which suggests that stipe length is genetically, rather than environmentally, controlled. 相似文献
10.
Dark respiration of the stipe of Ecklonia cava (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) in relation to temperature
Yukihiko Serisawa Yasutsugu Yokohama Yusho Aruga Jiro Tanaka 《Phycological Research》2004,52(2):174-179
Sporophytes of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) with a stipe length of 22–102 cm were collected at 6–9 m depth in Nabeta Bay, Shimoda, central Japan by scuba diving in February (winter) and in August (summer) 1998. Dark respiration of the intact stipe of E. cava was measured at various water temperatures ranging from 15 to 27.5°C in winter and 15–30°C in summer in a closed system by using a dissolved oxygen meter. The stipe respiration was compared on whole stipe, length, surface area, volume, wet weight and dry weight bases. On each basis, the stipe respiration always increased with a rise in water temperature within the temperature range investigated. The stipes showed similar respiration rates on each basis of length, surface area, volume, wet weight and dry weight at each temperature, irrespective of the stipe length. The mean respiration rates in winter (at 15–27.5°C) were: length, 16.7–32.5 μL O2 cm?1 h?1; surface area, 3.2–6.2 μL O2 cm?2 h?1; volume, 7.6–15.0 μL O2 cm?3 h?1; wet weight, 6.2–12.2 μL O2 g (wet weight)?1 h?1; and dry weight, 43.8–88.0 μL O2 g (dry weight)?1 h?1. Those for summer (at 15–30°C) were: length, 17.1–32.0 μL O2 cm?1 h?1; surface area, 3.6–6.8 μL O2 cm?2 h?1; volume, 9.7–18.7 μL O2 cm?3 h?1; wet weight, 7.6–14.6 μL O2 g (wet weight)?1 h?1; and dry weight, 49.4–95.8 μL O2 g (dry weight)?1 h?1. This is the first report of the intact stipe respiration of E. cava at various temperatures. 相似文献
11.
Yuan Zi Huo Shan Nan Xu Yang Yang Wang Jian Heng Zhang Yin Jiang Zhang Wei Ning Wu Ya Qu Chen Pei Min He 《Journal of applied phycology》2011,23(2):173-182
Due to the discharge of nutrients into the East China Sea, severe eutrophication has appeared in Hangzhou Bay. Therefore,
we cultivated Gracilaria verrucosa on a large scale in the Jinshan enclosed sea with an area of 1.72 km2 in the northern part of Hangzhou Bay to perform bioremediation. The Fengxian enclosed sea with an area of 2.3 km2 and 50 km far from Jinshan was used as the control. The results showed that the Hangzhou Bay was severely eutrophicated before
G. verrucosa cultivation. During the period of cultivation between August 2006 and July 2007, the annual growth rate of G. verrucosa was 9.42% day−1, and the sea water quality was improved from worse than grade IV to grades II–III, with the concentration of dissolved inorganic
nitrogen (DIN) and PO4-P significantly lower than that in the Fengxian enclosed sea (p < 0.01). The concentration of NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, and PO4-P after G. verrucosa cultivation was decreased by 54.12%, 75.54%, 49.81%, and 49.00%, respectively. The density of phytoplankton in the Jinshan
enclosed sea with cultivation of G. verrucosa was 6.90 –126.53 × 104 cells m−3, which was significantly lower than that in the Fengxian enclosed sea. In addition, species diversity, richness, and evenness
was significantly increased after cultivation of G. verrucosa in the Jinshan enclosed sea compared with that in the Fengxian enclosed sea. The density of Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum micans, and Prorocentrum donghaiense, which were the usual species of red tides at the coastal sea of China, in the Jinshan enclosed sea with cultivation of G. verrucosa was significantly lower. Based on these results, if the water quality in the Jinshan enclosed sea were to be maintained at
grade I (DIN ≤0.20 mg L−1) or II (DIN ≤0.30 mg L−1), 21.8 t or 18.0 t fresh weight of G. verrucosa need to be cultivated, respectively. These results indicated that large-scale cultivation of G. verrucosa could play a significant role in the bioremediation of Hangzhou Bay. 相似文献
12.
The distribution of Ca2+ in thallus tissues of the brown algaUndaria pinnatifida was investigated by microspectro-photometric analysis after fixation with Carnoy's reagent and staining with an alizarine sulfonate dye. Ca2+ accumulation in the young thallus was much higher in mucilage cells of the basal than the apical region; there was least in the pith of the basal region. A roughly uniform pattern was found in the stipe from the central part of the young thallus, while a highly irregular pattern occurred in both stipe and blade from the corresponding area of the mature thallus; the Ca2+ content was much lower than in the cortex, mucilage cells and vacuoles of the mature stipe than in the corresponding area of the young stipe. The contents of all regions of the mature blade were higher than those in the young blade; they were particularly high in mucilage cells. 相似文献
13.
In northern Japan, massive production of high-quality specimens of the kelp Undaria pinnatifida prior to the traditional harvest season is strongly needed to meet commercial demand. To address this need, we tested the effects of controlled thinning by cutting small plants on the growth and maturation of sporophytes cultivated in Matsushima Bay, northern Japan. In early December 2009, the stocking densities of cultivated kelps were thinned to 10 and 5 plants per 4 cm thread section in two experimental groups. In contrast, no thinning was conducted during cultivation until March 2010 in the control group (about 16–20 plants per 4 cm thread section). Morphological features, photosynthesis, and carbon and nitrogen contents were compared among the three groups. Compared to kelps of control group, total length, stipe width, the length and width of sporophyll, and dry weights of blade and sporophyll showed significantly higher values in kelps of the two experimental groups. However, stipe length of kelps of control group was significantly greater than those of the two experimental groups. The photosynthetic rates and nitrogen contents of kelps of the two experimental groups were significantly greater than those of the control from January to March. No significant differences occurred in all these parameters between kelps of the two experimental groups. Based on these results, the growth and maturation of U. pinnatifida sporophytes can be promoted greatly by experimental thinning, and this will improve production of high-quality specimens of kelps and increase economic returns before the traditional harvest season. 相似文献
14.
Frank J. Shaughnessy 《Journal of phycology》2004,40(5):846-856
Phenotypic differences between the low wave exposure Mazzaella splendens (Setchell et Gardner) Hommersand and the high exposure Mazzaella linearis (Setchell et Gardner) Fredericq could be due to plasticity or genetic differentiation. Common gardens were used to assess their levels of plasticity after describing allometric relationships. As thalli lengthened, stipe development for M. splendens almost ceased even though blades continued to expand, but M. linearis formed a larger stipe before developing a blade that continued to stay narrow at longer thallus lengths. Common gardens demonstrated that M. splendens regrown in the site of M. linearis produced a wider blade than M. splendens regrown in its natural low energy site and that M. linearis regrown in low wave energy either could not form a wider blade or became narrower than thalli from its high energy site. Tetrasporophytes of M. splendens produced a longer and thicker stipe in the high energy site, but the larger M. linearis stipe was not realized because its wider blades made it vulnerable to hydrodynamic removal. Mazzaella splendens therefore had low survivorship in the high wave energy site, and survivors were not long enough to reproduce. Survivorship and reproduction of M. linearis was similar in both environments. Some of the M. splendens and M. linearis characters are plastic, but this plasticity was insufficient for convergence of phenotypes, and blade width plasticity was maladaptive at least for M. splendens. Developmental systems producing the stipe and blade phenotypes of each species have undergone genetic differentiation. 相似文献
15.
Rosette-formed, circular thalli of Degelia plumbea were studied in the laboratory. Regardless of thallus size, the optimal quantum yield of photosystem II (F
V/F
M) remained at a high, constant level during a drying cycle starting with fully hydrated thalli until the thallus water content
reached about 200%. Net photosynthesis reached a maximum level at this hydration level. Thereafter, both F
V/F
M and net photosynthesis fell rapidly to zero at a water content of somewhat less than 100%. There was a highly significant,
positive relationship between thallus size and the water-holding capacity, as well as a strong, negative correlation between
size and water loss per thallus area. Consequently, an increase in thallus size from 1 to 36 cm2 lead to a tenfold prolongation of the photosynthetically active period during a drying cycle at a low radiation regime. The
improved water-holding capacity in larger thalli is mainly a result of a thicker hypothallus. The fast desiccation of small
thalli suggests that the regeneration of D. plumbea could be severely hampered by nearby logging that raises the evaporative demand by increasing radiation loads and wind exposure
at remaining lichen sites.
Received: 12 December 1997 / Accepted: 20 March 1998 相似文献
16.
Undariopsis peterseniana is an endangered annual brown alga in Udo, Jeju Island, Korea. There is current interest in the commercial-scale aquaculture
of this species for warm-water species development in Korea. Growth and maturation were investigated from January to December
2007 in their natural habitat. Zoospores were transplanted into an intensive seaweed culture ground in Wando, southern coast
of Korea, for the mass cultivation of this species. Indoor and outdoor cultivation were conducted from June 2007 to May 2008.
Mean production obtained from the zoospore seeding was 31.1 ± 1.5 kg wet wt. m−1 of culture rope during the cultivation period in situ. Transplanted F1 thalli in Wando had a length 1.7 times longer than their parents in Udo, and their maximal growth period changed from June
(at 19.9°C in Udo of natural habitat) to April (at 14.0°C in Wando of culture ground). The relationship between optimal water
depth for culture and underwater irradiance during the U. peterseniana cultivation was defined as: y = - 0.78 ×+ 7.67( r2 = 0.92 ) y = - 0.78 \times + 7.67\left( {{r^2} = 0.92} \right) . This study indicates that U. peterseniana could be successfully transferred to the northern coast beyond the original habitat in Jeju Island. 相似文献
17.
Xu Gao Hikaru Endo Makoto Yamana Kazuya Taniguchi Yukio Agatsuma 《Journal of applied phycology》2013,25(4):1171-1178
In recent years, the crop yield of cultivated Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar has not been able to meet commercial demand and so advances in cultivation technology are strongly needed to increase production. Interestingly, cultivation work has shown the yield of U. pinnatifida sporophytes may be increased significantly by thallus excision, which may cause compensatory growth of the remaining tissues. To test this hypothesis and clarify correlative mechanisms, we examined seasonal morphological characteristics, photosynthetic rates, nutrient uptake rates, and carbon and nitrogen contents of U. pinnatifida sporophytes after thallus excision at a point 30 cm from the meristem in late February and compared these parameters with control kelps grown without excision, which were cultivated together in Matsushima Bay, northern Japan. Compared to control kelps, the length and dry weight of blades increased significantly after excision, and the growth phase was prolonged for about 1 month. The photosynthetic rates, nutrient uptake rates, and carbon and nitrogen contents of excised kelps were significantly higher than those of the controls. After vegetative growth stopped, resources accumulating in thalli were translocated significantly to sporophylls for maturation, indicating maturation was not negatively affected by thallus excision. These results indicate U. pinnatifida exhibits a very strong compensatory ability in response to thallus excision and consequently, the yield could be increased due to an increase in harvest frequency. 相似文献
18.
The growth of an individual thallus of the brown alga Laminaria japonica was studied in a laboratory environment. It was found that daily accretion of the Laminaria thallus can remain constant for a long time. The blade grew in length at a distance from 0 to 15–25 cm from the stipe-blade border, which makes up 60% of the blade length. In width, the blade grew both in the central and in the lateral parts of the blade, 0 to 7–10 cm from the stipe-blade border, which makes up 30% of the frond length. The transposition of a perforation hole mark from the stipe-blade border toward the blade tip evidenced the formation of new tissue in the growth zone even when the thallus diminished in size due to destruction of the blade tip. Based on the results of this observation, it was concluded that both restraint of accumulation and even reduction of the algal thallus in biomass and size cannot be taken as an indication of algal growth cessation.Original Russian Text Copyright ¢ 2005 by Biologiya Morya, Skriptsova, Leletkin. 相似文献
19.
Animal waste causes environmental problems like eutrophication of ground and surface water or the pollution of the atmosphere
because of its high NH4
+ content. The aim of our study was to fix the nitrogen of swine waste as biomass. Therefore, an isolated alga, Chlorella sp., and bacteria naturally living in liquid manure were grown in batch cultures (containing diluted swine waste supplied
with a nutrient solution) and continuous cultures (undiluted liquid manure) to achieve reduction of NH4
+ and total organic carbon (TOC) contents. For continuous cultivation, a photobioreactor of our own design was used. The batch
cultivation of Chlorella sp. and bacteria in swine waste resulted in good growth of both groups of organisms and in a reduction of 25% NH4
+ and 80% TOC. In the continuous cultivation a steady state was not achieved owing to a change in the composition of the bacterial
population. NH4
+ was totally removed, but NO2
− (up to 100 mM) was transiently released. NO3
− was not detected. These effects might be explained by the presence of heterotrophic nitrifiers, which are able to oxidize
NH4
+ to NO2
− and to reduce NO2
− to gaseous compounds.
Received: 21 January 1999 / Received revision: 9 March 1999 / Accepted: 14 March 1999 相似文献
20.
This study was aimed at determining the optimal depth and photon irradiance for growth of Sargassum fulvellum. Sampling and measurement of underwater irradiance were carried out at farms cultivating S. fulvellum at Wando, southwestern coast of Korea, from May 2004 to April 2005. Growth of thalli, underwater irradiance and photosynthetic
quantum yield were measured over a range of depths for three culture stages. During their nursery cultivation stage (Stage
I), length increase was greatest at 1.5 m depth (2.5 ± 0.2 cm), where the average midday irradiance over 28 days was 488 ± 58
μmol photons m−2 s−1. During the pre-main cultivation stage (Stage II), the greatest length increase occurred at 1 m depth (10.9 ± 0.1 cm) with
an average irradiance of 845 ± 169 μmol photons m−2 s−1. For the main cultivation stage (Stage III) of the alga, thalli showed maximal length growth in March and early April at
depths of 1–2 m and 3 m. These results suggest that growth at each cultivation stage of S. fulvellum could be controlled by depth of cultivation rope.
Presented at the 6th Meeting of the Asian Pacific Society of Applied Phycology, Manila, Philippines. 相似文献