完整肽聚糖对实验性大肠癌的抑制作用及其机制探讨

以大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,观察了分叉双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖体内对大肠癌生长的抑制作用,并从细胞增殖活性方面探讨了它的抑瘤机制。结果表明完整肽聚糖注射组大肠癌移植瘤的生长速度、平均瘤重以及增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ） 阳性细胞密度均明显低于肿瘤对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１） 。提示分叉双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖体内能明显抑制大肠癌的生长,其抑瘤机制之一是降低肿瘤细胞的增殖活性。     

双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长的凋亡途径

目的探索青春型双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长有凋亡的途径。方法首先建立大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤动物模型,然后以免疫组化法检测大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤组织caspase-3基因的蛋白表达水平。结果双歧杆菌预防组大肠癌Caspase-3的阳性细胞密度以及表达率明显高于肿瘤对照组（P〈0.01）。结论青春型双歧杆菌可通过上调caspase-3基因的蛋白表达来预防大肠癌的生长。     

双歧杆菌对实验性大肠癌诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的:用免疫组化法观察大肠癌移植瘤诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的表达。方法:以大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,将青春型双歧杆菌注射于裸鼠腹腔。结果:显示双歧杆菌注射组大肠癌移植瘤iNOS的表达率、表达强度和阳性细胞数量均显著高于肿瘤对照组(P<0.01)。结论:青春型双歧杆菌能增强大肠癌移植瘤iNOS的蛋白表达水平。它的表达可能介导了双歧杆菌诱导大肠癌移植瘤细胞的凋亡。     

激活蛋白1在双歧杆菌预防大肠癌生长中的作用

目的 :探索青春型双歧杆菌体内预防大肠癌的机制。方法 :首先建立大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤动物模型 ,将实验动物分为双歧杆菌预防组和肿瘤对照组 ,以激光共聚焦显微镜定量检测了大肠癌组织激活蛋白1(AP-1)中的 c-fos和 c-jun的含量。结果 :双歧杆菌预防组大肠癌移植瘤 c-jun和 c-fos的含量均明显低于肿瘤对照组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :青春型双歧杆菌可通过降低大肠癌移植瘤组织 AP-1中的 c-jun和 c-fos的表达这一途径来预防大肠癌的生长     

微生态调节剂对鲤生长及肠道菌群的影响

应用微生态调节剂（ＪＹ１０、ＪＹ３１复合制剂）,作为饲料添加剂饲养鲤后,进行肠道菌群定位,定量及定性分析,并以投喂常规饵料的鲤作为对照。实验结果表明：微生态调节剂饲养后鲤肠道中ＪＹ１０、ＪＹ３１制品菌群量明显增加,大肠菌群量明显减少,定植效果良好;同时其生长指标明显优于对照组,说明该微生态调节剂对鲤肠道菌群的调整查和促进新陈代谢及生长均有明显作用。     

双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖对实验性大肠癌凋亡调控基因表达的影响

为探讨双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖的抑瘤途径及机制,本文以大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,采用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测了４０只裸鼠移植瘤ｂｃｌ－２及ｂａｘ基因的蛋白表达率及表达强度。结果显示完整肽聚糖注射组大肠癌移植瘤ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达率及阳性细胞密度均低于肿瘤对照组,ｂａｘ基因的表达情况则相反。提示双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖可使大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的ｂｃｌ－２基因表达下调,ｂａｘ基因表达增强,最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,实现其抗瘤目的。     

双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖对实验性大肠癌凋亡控制基因表达的影响

为探讨双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖的抑瘤途径及机制,本文以大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤为动物模型,采用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测了４０只裸鼠移植瘤ｂｃｌ－２及ｂａｘ基因的蛋白表达率及表达强度,结果显示肽聚糖注射组大肠癌移植瘤ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达率及阳性细胞密度低于肿瘤对照组,ｂｃｘ基因的表达情况则相反。提示双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖可使大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤的ｂｃｌ－２基因表达下调,ｂａｘ基因表达强,最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,实现其抗瘤目的。     

双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖对实验性大肠癌诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

建立大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,以免疫组化法观察大肠癌移植瘤一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）基因的蛋白表达水平,结果显示完整肽聚糖（Whole peptidoglycan,WPG）注射组大肠癌移植瘤iNOS蛋白的表达率、表达强度以及阳性细胞密度均明显高于肿瘤对照组（P＜0.01）,提示分叉双歧杆菌的WPG能增强大肠癌移植瘤细胞iNOS基因的蛋白表达,这可能是其抑瘤机制之一。     

双歧杆菌对实验性大肠癌凋亡促进基因表达的影响

目的：探讨青春型双歧杆菌体内诱导大肠癌裸鼠移植瘤细胞凋亡的具体途径。方法：以免疫组化法检测大肠癌移植瘤细胞凋亡促进基因bad和Caspase-3基因的蛋白表达率和阳性细胞密度。结果：双歧杆菌注射组大肠癌移植瘤细胞凋亡促进基因bad和Caspase-3基因的蛋白表达率以及阳性细胞密度均显著于肿瘤对照组。结论：双歧杆菌可通过促进bad和Caspase-3基因的表达,最终诱导大肠癌的凋亡。     

Bevacizumab 联合吉西他滨对荷肝癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的:探讨抗血管生成药物Bevacizumab联合吉西他滨对人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长的抑制作用。方法:构建人肝癌细胞HepG2裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,随机分为空白对照组、Bevacizumab组、吉西他滨组和联合用药组。观察用药前后肿瘤体积,绘制肿瘤生长曲线;应用免疫组化检测肿瘤微血管密度(MVD);Western Blot检测Bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果:Bevacizumab和吉西他滨单药均能抑制肿瘤生长,两药联合疗效明显增强(P=0.000)。与对照组和吉西他滨组相比,Bevacizumab组和联合用药组能明显抑制肿瘤血管生成,MVD值均明显降低,以联合用药组最为明显(P均0.000)。Bevacizumab和吉西他滨单药均能下调Bcl-2的表达,两药联合下调作用明显增强。结论:Bevacizumab联合吉西他滨能增强对人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长及微血管生成的抑制作用,其机制可能与调控Bcl-2的表达有关。     

Effects of Codonopis bulleynana forest ex diels on Deferribacteres in constipation predominant intestine tumor: Differential analysis

As a complicated micro-ecosystem, gut microbes are closely related to metabolic disease, immune disease and tumor (such as constipation. Long-term constipation would cause intestinal mucosal injury, enteritis, ileus, etc., thus inducing intestine cancer). In this research, intestine cancer model group and Codonopsis foetens treatment group were successfully constructed, and the variation of intestinal microbes were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequence. Results showed that there were changes in bacteria abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Deferribacteres, Tenericutes, and Actinobacteria, etc. Codonopsis foetens could directly or indirectly affect the growth and metabolism of Deferribacteres by altering the nutritional ingredient and pH value of intestine “medium”, thus affecting the occurrence and development of intestinal microbes.     

小鼠菌群失调腹泻模型的建立及超微七味白术散的疗效

【目的】建立菌群失调腹泻的造模方法,研究超微七味白术散对其疗效。【方法】采用抗生素联用、中药复方等不同方法进行腹泻造模,通过超微七味白术散进行治疗。【结果】中药大承气汤能快速致泻,腹泻程度最严重,久灌能出现脾虚症候,但对肠道微生物影响不大(P>0.05)。抗生素联用组中,硫酸庆大霉素和头孢拉定联用组造模效果最好,两者联用,抗菌谱达到最大互补,且混用不使药物失效。经超微七味白术散灌胃治疗后,中药组迅速治愈,脾虚症候消失。抗生素联用组小鼠肠道乳酸菌、真菌数显著高于正常组(P<0.01)。【结论】建立了一种菌群失调腹泻的造模方法,七味白术散中存在促使乳酸菌、真菌生长的益生元。     

Prey envenomation does not improve digestive performance in Taiwanese pit vipers (Trimeresurus gracilis and T. stejnegeri stejnegeri)

It has been a common belief that snake venom may help in the digestion of its prey, although direct examples and supporting evidence have not been sufficient. To address this, the present study examined whether pre-injecting natural amounts of pit viper venom into experimental mice may accelerate their digestion by the snakes or gain energy benefit as compared to the control without the envenomation. Live adults of two Asian pit viper species Trimeresurus gracilis and T. stejnegeri stejnegeri, which inhabit the cold and warm environment respectively, were the subjects studied herein. A natural dose of 1.2 mg of each of the pit viper venom in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into the mouse (about 10% of the snake mass) before it was being fed to the same species of vipers, while the pit vipers in control group were given mouse injected with sterile PBS. The snakes were kept at 14 °C or 24 °C, and parameters of gut passage time, costs of digestion, and/or digestive efficiency were measured. The results did not support the hypotheses that envenomation facilitates prey digestion. The venom in fact caused longer first defecation time and lower assimilation energy at 14 °C. Besides, the time to reach the oxygen consumption peak, and the first defecation time of T. s. stejnegeri were longer than that of T. gracilis.     

蓝翅希鹛消化系统的初步研究

对6只(3♀,3♂)蓝翅希鹛的消化系统进行了解剖观察,结果表明:蓝翅希鹛的舌成细长三角形,雌、雄舌尖端差异显著:雌鸟舌尖端各有一根长刺毛,而雄鸟无此长刺毛;在舌前端正中央还有一"v"形的凹缺,使舌成二分叉,雌鸟分叉深约2.77 mm,雄鸟为1.63 mm。食道颈胸部分段不明显,食管长18.64~23.55 mm,嗉囊外观不明显。腺胃乳突短而小,分布均匀;肌胃发达,具角质膜。肠道长与体长基本相等,小肠较发达,雌鸟长100.90 mm,占肠道总长90.08%,雄鸟分别为102.52 mm和89.60%;具有双侧盲肠,但不发达,占肠道总长的2.3%~2.8%,右侧盲肠略大于左侧;直肠短,雌鸟仅占肠道8.55%,雄鸟占8.72%。肝为体内最大的消化腺,分左右两叶。胰位于十二指肠袢内,细长形,分二小叶。由消化道特征说明其食性是以食虫为主的杂食性鸟类。     

蝮蛇咬伤全身性炎症反应综合征的治疗

提高对蝮蛇咬伤后全身性炎症反应综合征的认识,了解加强治疗对预后的影响,方法随机将１９９４－１９９９年１０月的７６例蝮蛇咬伤后全身性炎症反应综合征（ＳＩＲＳ）患分为加强治疗组３８例,对照组３８例;从治疗过程,治疗前后对比结果进行分析。结果加强组治疗后的ＡＰＡＣＨＥⅡ评分、死亡风险度、痊愈率、并发症均明显优于对照组。结论加强治疗蝮蛇咬伤后全身性炎症反应综合征,能明显缓解危重病情,减少并发症,降低死亡风     

脾虚湿盛泄泻患者肠道微生态及舌部菌群变化的临床观察

目的通过对脾虚湿盛泄泻患者的肠道微生态以及舌象变化观察,了解舌象和舌部菌群变化及其与肠道微生态失调的相关性,从微生态学方面揭示中医舌诊的机制。方法选取脾虚湿盛泄泻的患者30例及正常健康人30例(作为对照组)为研究对象。观察舌象变化,测定粪便中4种肠道常驻菌及舌部菌群的变化情况。结果脾虚湿盛泄泻的患者粪便中双歧杆菌比正常健康人明显减少(P<0.05),并且其舌部(腻苔)的菌群构成与正常健康人(薄白苔)差异有显著性。结论脾虚湿盛泄泻患者存在明显的肠道微生态失调及舌部菌群改变,并且两者具有相关性。     

Walker 256 tumour growth causes marked changes of glutamine metabolism in rat small intestine

The effect of Walker 256 tumour growth on the metabolism of glucose and glutamine in the small intestine of rats was examined. Walker 256 tumour has been extensively used as an experimental model to induce cancer cachexia in rats. Walker 256 tumour growth decreased body weight and small intestine weight and length. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphate-dependent glutaminase were reduced in the proximal, median and distal portions of the intestine. Glutamine oxidation was reduced in the proximal portion only. The decrease in glutaminase activity was not due to a low synthesis of the protein as indicated by Western blotting analysis. Hexokinase and citrate synthase activities were not changed by the tumour. These findings led us to postulate that tumour growth impairs glutamine metabolism of small intestine but the mechanism involved remains to be elucidated.     

Reserpine-induced model of stress suppresses mucosal immunity

Stress contributes significantly to the development of many diseases. In clinical studies, a strong correlation between depression and immune dysfunction has been shown. Our previous studies indicated that sympathetic innervation can regulate intestinal mucosal immunity through sympathetic synapses, but the mechanism in stress/depression-induced intestinal immune deficiency was unclear. Using a mouse model in which behavioural stress/depression is chemically induced by reserpine, it is found that there is a substantial deficiency of intestinal local humoral and particularly specific antibody response to the antigen stimulation in reserpine-treated group. No significant difference of CD4+, CD8+ or Mac1+ cells between reserpine-treated and control groups was detected in the intestine. This deficiency is closely correlated with stress/depression. A possible correlation between stress, cytokine secretion and humoral immunity in vivo is postulated.     

Mucosal Immune Responses of Mice Experimentally Infected with Pygidiopsis summa (Trematoda: Heterophyidae)

Mucosal immune responses against Pygidiopsis summa (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) infection were studied in ICR mice. Experimental groups consisted of group 1 (uninfected controls), group 2 (infection with 200 metacercariae), and group 3 (immunosuppression with Depo-Medrol and infection with 200 metacercariae). Worms were recovered in the small intestine at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-infection (PI). Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), mast cells, and goblet cells were counted in intestinal tissue sections stained with Giemsa, astra-blue, and periodic acid-Schiff, respectively. Mucosal IgA levels were measured by ELISA. Expulsion of P. summa from the mouse intestine began to occur from days 3-5 PI which sustained until day 7 PI. The worm expulsion was positively correlated with proliferation of IEL, mast cells, goblet cells, and increase of IgA, although in the case of mast cells significant increase was seen only at day 7 PI. Immunosuppression suppressed all these immune effectors and inhibited worm reduction in the intestine until day 7 PI. The results suggested that various immune effectors which include IEL, goblet cells, mast cells, and IgA play roles in regulating the intestinal mucosal immunity of ICR mice against P. summa infection.     

Intestinal Cell Kinase Is a Novel Participant in Intestinal Cell Signaling Responses to Protein Malnutrition

Nutritional deficiency and stress can severely impair intestinal architecture, integrity and host immune defense, leading to increased susceptibility to infection and cancer. Although the intestine has an inherent capability to adapt to environmental stress, the molecular mechanisms by which the intestine senses and responds to malnutrition are not completely understood. We hereby report that intestinal cell kinase (ICK), a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, is a novel component of the adaptive cell signaling responses to protein malnutrition in murine small intestine. Using an experimental mouse model, we demonstrated that intestinal ICK protein level was markedly and transiently elevated upon protein deprivation, concomitant with activation of prominent pro-proliferation and pro-survival pathways of Wnt/β-catenin, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) as well as increased expression of intestinal stem cell markers. Using the human ileocecal epithelial cell line HCT-8 as an in vitro model, we further demonstrated that serum starvation was able to induce up-regulation of ICK protein in intestinal epithelial cells in a reversible manner, and that serum albumin partially contributed to this effect. Knockdown of ICK expression in HCT-8 cells significantly impaired cell proliferation and down-regulated active β-catenin signal. Furthermore, reduced ICK expression in HCT-8 cells induced apoptosis through a caspase-dependent mechanism. Taken together, our findings suggest that increased ICK expression/activity in response to protein deprivation likely provides a novel protective mechanism to limit apoptosis and support compensatory mucosal growth under nutritional stress.