持续静态牵伸技术在肘关节康复训练患者中的临床疗效观察

为了探讨肘关节骨折患者行骨折术后采用持续静态牵伸技术结合常规功能康复的应用效果,并揭示其对患者生活质量的影响,本研究选取我院手术治疗的84例肘关节骨折患者,收集时间为2015年1月至2016年12月,其中42例患者术后接受常规功能康复(常规组)、另外42例患者在常规功能康复基础上加用持续静态牵伸技术(研究组),观察两组患者术后3个月和6个月时的肘关节功能和生活质量的差异。研究显示,术后3个月和6个月,研究组的疼痛、功能、矢状面活动、肌肉力量、屈曲挛缩、旋前、旋后评分均显著高于常规组(p<0.05);术后6个月,研究组的FIynn肘关节功能评价(优78.57%,良16.67%,可4.76%)优于常规组(优57.14%,良30.95%,可11.90%),差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05);两组患者术前生活质量无差别。术后3个月,研究组患者躯体功能、肢体疼痛等生活质量得分高于常规组。本研究表明,肘关节骨折患者行骨折术后采用持续静态牵伸技术结合常规功能康复可显著改善患者术后的肘关节功能,值得临床推广应用。     

The Bradford community stroke trial: results at six months.

OBJECTIVE--Comparison of day hospital attendance and home physiotherapy for stroke patients leaving hospital to determine which service produces greater functional and social improvement for the patient, reduces emotional stress for the care giver, and lessens the need for community support. DESIGN--Stratified, randomised trial of stroke patients attending day hospital two days a week or receiving home treatment from a community physiotherapist. The six month assessment results are reported in this paper. SUBJECTS--Patients over 60 years old resident within the Bradford metropolitan district discharged home after a new stroke with residual disability. SETTING--Four day hospitals in two health authorities and domiciliary work undertaken by experienced community physiotherapists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Barthel index, functional ambulatory categories, Motor Club assessment, Frenchay activities index, and Nottingham health profile were used. Carers'' stress was indicated by the general health questionnaire. Treatment given and community care provided were recorded. RESULTS--Of 124 patients recruited, 108 were available for reassessment at six months. Both treatment groups had significantly improved in functional abilities between discharge and six months. The improvements were significantly greater for patients treated at home (Mann-Whitney test; Barthel index, median difference 2 (95% confidence interval 0 to 3) p = 0.01; Motor Club assessment, median difference 2 (1 to 5), p = 0.01). The home treated patients received less treatment (median difference 16 (11 to 21) treatments, p less than 0.001). More than a third of patients in both groups showed depressed mood, and a quarter of care givers were emotionally distressed. CONCLUSIONS--Home physiotherapy seems to be slightly more effective and more resource efficient than day hospital attendance and should be the preferred rehabilitation method for aftercare of stroke patients. New strategies are needed to address psychosocial function for both patients and care givers.     

常规肌力康复训练联合血流限制训练对前交叉韧带重建术后患者膝关节功能、股四头肌功能和平衡功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨常规肌力康复训练联合血流限制训练对前交叉韧带（ACL）重建术后患者膝关节功能、股四头肌功能和平衡功能的影响。方法：选取2020年9月-2022年7月期间我院收治的ACL重建术患者82例。根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=41,接受常规肌力康复训练）和研究组（n=41,接受常规肌力康复训练联合血流限制训练）。比较两组膝关节功能、股四头肌功能、平衡功能和并发症发生率。结果：治疗6周后,研究组膝关节Lysholm评分高于对照组,膝关节肿胀程度、大腿周径差值小于对照组,膝关节最大屈曲角度大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗6周后,研究组股四头肌厚度薄于对照组,平均功率、峰力矩大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗6周后,研究组站立平衡平均压力峰值差、缓慢弯膝平均压力峰值差、向下蹲位平均压力峰值差小于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组（4.88%）的并发症发生率低于对照组（24.39%）（P<0.05）。结论：ACL重建术后患者应用血流限制训练联合常规肌力康复训练进行干预,可有效改善患者膝关节功能、股四头肌功能和平衡功能,降低并发症发生率。     

Effects of Industrial Action by the Ambulance Service on Day Hospital Patients

The results of loss of treatment were assessed in a group of 248 day hospital patients when industrial action interrupted the ambulance service for five weeks. Almost 10% of the patients failed to return for treatment and 39% of those who returned had deteriorated appreciably. The groups of patients who were most vulnerable were those most in need of physiotherapy and rehabilitation, and many extra admissions to the wards resulted from the loss of diagnostic and treatment facilities in the day hospitals.     

早期强化步行基本功训练对脑卒中的预后分析

目的：分析早期强化步行基本功训练对脑卒中预后的影响。方法：选取我院2008年10月一2011年10月收治的176例恢复期脑卒中患者,按照随机数字表分为观察组及对照组,各88例,均接受常规药物治疗和康复训练,观察组在此基础上接受早期强化步行基本功训练,对比两组患者的预后。结果：两组患者治疗后FMA—LE、BBS及MBI评分均见上升,观察组较对照组上升程度更为明显（P〈0．05）,T2时期观察组评分亦见升高,而对照组评分与T1时期相比无明显统计学差异（P〉0．05）;两组患者治疗后步长、步宽及步速均见上升,观察组较对照组上升程度更为明显（P〈0．05）,T2时期观察组步态参数亦见升高,而对照组步态参数与T1时期相比无明显统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：早期强化步行基本功训练能够有效改善脑卒中患者下肢运动功能和平衡能力,保证治疗后步行功能,避免生活质量下降,该康复方法值得广泛推广。     

Effects of treatment for hypertension on cerebral haemorrhage and infarction.

One hundred and sixty nine patients admitted to hospital for stroke over 30 months were examined to see whether treating hypertension had influenced the incidence of cerebral haemorrhage and infarction. Seventy eight (46%) of them had normal blood pressure, 47 (28%) previously diagnosed hypertension for which they were receiving treatment, and 44 (26%) previously undiagnosed and untreated hypertension. Haemorrhagic stroke was commoner among patients with untreated hypertension, whereas infarction was commoner in patients with treated hypertension. Infarction and haemorrhage were equally prevalent in patients with normal blood pressure. Effective treatment in this population seemed to have had a substantially different impact on vascular disease, giving rise to cerebral haemorrhage as opposed to infarction. This is consistent with evidence from other studies that treatment for hypertension has little or no effect on the progression of atheroma.     

Effectiveness of a geriatric day hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a difference in the quality of life between elderly patients managed in a day hospital and those receiving conventional care. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; assessment upon entry to study and at 3, 6 and 12 months afterward. SETTING: Geriatrician referral-based secondary care. PATIENTS: A total of 113 consecutively referred elderly patients with deteriorating functional status believed to have rehabilitation potential; 55 were assessed and treated by an interdisciplinary team in a day hospital (treatment group), and 58 were assessed in an inpatient unit or an outpatient clinic or were discharged early with appropriate community services (control group). OUTCOME MEASURES: Barthel Index, Rand Questionnaire, Global Health Question and Geriatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (GQLQ). MAIN RESULTS: Eight study subjects and four control subjects died; the difference was insignificant. Functional status deteriorated over time in the two groups; although the difference was not significant there was less deterioration in the control group. The GQLQ scores indicated no significant difference between the two groups in the ability to perform daily living activities and in the alleviation of symptoms over time but did show a trend favouring the control group. The GQLQ scores did indicate a significant difference in favour of the control group in the effect of treatment on emotions (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The care received at the day hospital did not improve functional status or quality of life of elderly patients as compared with the otherwise excellent geriatric outpatient care.     

Effectiveness of geriatric rehabilitative care after fractures of the proximal femur in elderly women: a randomised clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE--To compare postoperative collaborative care between orthopaedic surgeons and physicians in geriatric medicine with routine orthopaedic care in elderly women with proximal femoral fracture. DESIGN--Exclusion of patients dying before fit enough to enter trial, those with pathological fractures, those likely to be discharged within seven days of entering the trial, and those remaining unfit for transfer to a peripheral hospital. Remainder allocated to two groups: treatment group and control group. SETTING--District hospital acute admission ward and rehabilitation ward. PATIENTS--144 sequentially admitted elderly women with proximal fracture of the femur; 36 excluded on above criteria and remainder entered into trial. INTERVENTION--Both treatment and control groups (n = 54 in each) received physiotherapy and other services. The treatment group also received thrice weekly supervision by a geriatrician. END POINTS--Physical independence, residence after discharge, and length of hospital stay. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--At discharge significantly more patients in treatment group were independent in terms of activities of daily living than controls (41 v 25) and their median stay was 24 days (range 8-197) compared with 41 (9-365) (95% confidence intervals for difference 2 to 25). Significantly fewer treatment patients were discharged to institutional care (10% v 32%; 95% confidence interval for difference 6% to 37%) and more to their own homes (63% v 38%; 95% confidence interval for difference 6% to 44%). These beneficial effects were consistent across a range of ages and mental state. CONCLUSIONS--Both hospital and patient benefited when postoperative rehabilitation was provided in a setting specialising in such care for elderly patients with trauma.     

强制性运动疗法在脑卒中偏瘫康复治疗中的应用效果研究

目的:研究强制性运动疗法(CIMT)在脑卒中偏瘫康复治疗中的应用效果。方法:将100例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为两组,对照组50例予常规运动疗法,实验组50例予CIMT。治疗后,比较两组患者的临床总有效率、步行速度评分、日常生活活动能力评分、运动功能评分及患者满意度。结果:治疗后,试验组的总有效率显著高于对照组(90%vs.68%),步行速度评分[(61.25±7.94)vs.46.12±8.56]、日常生活活动能力评分[(58.76±8.92)vs.47.95 9.16]、运动功能评分[(85.14±4.68)vs.52.39 9.64]、患者满意度(94%vs.78%)较对照组均明显升高(94%vs.78%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:强制性运动疗法用于脑卒中偏瘫患者康复治疗的临床效果明显提升,可有效改善患者的运动功能。     

智能化人机交互和场景模拟对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响

摘要 目的：研究智能化人机交互和场景模拟对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响,探索其在康复训练中的作用,为脑卒中患者康复提供新的治疗方法和方向。方法：选取2019年1月-2022年12月在我院接收治疗的80例脑卒中患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和实验,每组40人,对照组接受常规康复治疗,实验组在常规康复治疗基础上增加智能化人机交互和场景模拟训练。比较两组Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能量表评分（UE-FMA）、患者的生活自理能力Barthel指数、上肢功能测试（UEFT）,患侧上肢腕背伸肌的改良Ashworh评分（MAS）以及徒手肌力评估（MMT）。比较两组患者满意度评分。结果：治疗后,两组患者UE-FMA评分与治疗前相比均提高,且实验组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后,两组患者MBI评分与治疗前相比均提高,且实验组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后,两组患者UEFT评分与治疗前相比均提高,且实验组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后,两组患者MMT评分与治疗前相比均提高,且实验组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）治疗后,两组患者MAS评分与治疗前相比均降低,且实验组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,实验组满意度95%,高于对照组80%（P<0.05）。结论：智能化人机交互和场景模拟训练对脑卒中患者的上肢运动功能有积极的影响,可以有效改善患者的康复效果。     

Randomised controlled trial to evaluate early discharge scheme for patients with stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical effectiveness of an early discharge policy for patients with stroke by using a community based rehabilitation team. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial to compare conventional care with an early discharge policy. SETTING: Two teaching hospitals in inner London. SUBJECTS: 331 medically stable patients with stroke (mean age 71) who lived alone and were able to transfer independently or who lived with a resident carer and were able to transfer with help. INTERVENTIONS: 167 patients received specialist community rehabilitation for up to 3 months after randomisation. 164 patients continued with conventional hospital and community care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Barthel score at 12 months. Secondary outcomes measured impairment with motoricity index, minimental state examination, and Frenchay aphasia screening test; disability with the Rivermead activity of daily living scales, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and 5 m walk; handicap with the Nottingham health profile; carer stress with caregiver strain index and patient and carer satisfaction. The main process measure was length of stay after randomisation. RESULTS: One year after randomisation no significant differences in clinical outcomes were found apart from increased satisfaction with hospital care in the community therapy group. Length of stay after randomisation in the community therapy group was significantly reduced (12 v 18 days; P < 0.0001). Patients with impairments were more likely to receive treatment in the community therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Early discharge with specialist community rehabilitation after stroke is feasible, as clinically effective as conventional care, and acceptable to patients. Considerable reductions in use of hospital beds are achievable.     

低频电刺激联合康复训练治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者效果及运动功能、自我效能的影响

摘要 目的：分析低频电刺激联合康复训练治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者效果及运动功能、自我效能的影响。方法：选择我院自2019年5月至2022年1月收治的156例脑卒中偏瘫患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各78例。对照组予以常规对症支持治疗,加用康复训练;观察组在对照组的基础上,加用低频电刺激治疗,持续治疗8周后评估疗效。根据患者的下肢Brunnstrom分级改善幅度,评价治疗效果;比较两组治疗前后的下肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表（FMA）、Berg平衡量表（BBS）、改良Barthel指数（MBI）和一般自我效能感量表（GSES）评分。结果：观察组治疗总有效率为96.15 %,高于对照组的84.62 %（P＜0.05）;对比对照组,观察组治疗后下肢FMA评分、BBS评分均更高（P＜0.05）;对比对照组,观察组治疗后MBI评分、GSES评分均更高（P＜0.05）。结论：低频电刺激联合康复训练治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者的效果明显,能够有效改善运动功能和生活质量,提高自我效能,值得进一步研究应用。     

心理干预对脑卒中抑郁焦虑情绪的康复作用及对患者治疗依从性的影响研究

目的:探讨心理干预对脑卒中抑郁焦虑情绪的康复作用及对患者治疗依从性的影响。方法:我院老年科、神经内科、康复医学科治疗的脑卒中并出现抑郁焦虑情绪障碍的患者120例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各60例,两组患者均入院以后给予脑血管药物进行常规治疗和日常功能训练;观察组同时给予心理干预并根据病情应用抗抑郁抗焦虑药物等。于干预前、干预后3个月、6个月、1年分别对两组患者用SCL-90量表、总体幸福感指数量表、Barthel指数量表对患者进行评估,并评估患者治疗依从性。结果:干预后,观察组SCL-90各因子评分及总分均较干预前明显降低(P0.05),对照组SCL-90各因子评分及总分与干预前比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。干预前两组患者总体幸福感评分和Barthel评分比较无统计学差异(P0.05),干预后3个月、6个月和1年观察组总体幸福感评分和Barthel评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者在治疗期间总体依从率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:心理干预能够有效的改善脑卒中患者早期康复病人抑郁和焦虑的情绪,提高患者治疗的依从性。     

Relation between bed use,social deprivation,and overall bed availability in acute adult psychiatric units,and alternative residential options: a cross sectional survey,one day census data,and staff interviews.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relation between bed use, social deprivation, and overall bed availability in acute adult psychiatric units and to explore the range of alternative residential options. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey, combined with one day census data; ratings by and interviews with staff; examination of routine data sources. SETTINGS: Nationally representative sample of acute psychiatric units. SUBJECTS: 2236 patients who were inpatients on census day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bed occupancy levels, judged need for continuing inpatient care, reasons preventing discharge, scores on the Health of the Nation outcome scales. RESULTS: Bed occupancy was related to social deprivation and total availability of acute beds (r = 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.88, F = 8.72, df = 2.23; P = 0.002). However, 27% (603/2215) of current inpatients (61% (90/148) of those with stays of > 6 months) were judged not to need continuing admission. The major reasons preventing discharge were lack of suitable accommodation (37% (176/482) of patients in hospital < 6 months v 36% (31/86) of those in hospital > 6 months); inadequate domiciliary based community support (23% (113) v 9% (8)); and lack of long term rehabilitation places (21% (100) v 47% (40)). Scores on the Health of the Nation outcome scale were generally consistent with these staff judgments. CONCLUSIONS: The shortage of beds in acute psychiatric units is related to both social deprivation and the overall availability of acute beds. Patients currently inappropriately placed on acute admission wards should be relocated into more suitable accommodation, either in hospital or in the community. A range of provisions is required; simply providing more acute beds is not the answer.     

Psychological rehabilitation after myocardial infarction.

The value of psychological counselling in rehabilitating patients after myocardial infarction was assessed. A total of 143 men who had recently had a myocardial infarction were randomly allocated to either a group receiving intensive rehabilitation or a control group, their outcome being examined after six months. Patients with neurotic, introverted personalities had a poor outcome in the control group but a satisfactory outcome when rehabilitated. Neurotic personalities responded to help, and rehabilitative measures did not increase neurosis. In addition all patients with a negative attitude towards their illness and future had a poor outcome but those with a positive attitude did well. Selection by simple methods of patients who would benefit from psychological rehabilitation seems desirable.     

平衡功能训练联合肌内效贴对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡功能、步行功能和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察脑卒中偏瘫患者经肌内效贴联合平衡功能训练治疗后,其步行功能、生活质量及平衡功能的变化。方法：于2018年6月~2020年8月期间,选取我院收治的300例脑卒中偏瘫患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（150例,常规康复训练和平衡功能训练）和研究组（150例,常规康复训练、平衡功能训练联合肌内效贴）,均治疗4周。对比两组平衡功能、步行功能、生活质量、睁眼站立、脚前后站立、闭眼站立的重心摆动速度及动态稳定时间。结果：治疗4周后,两组Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能评定量表（FMA）、Berg平衡量表（BBS）评分较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,两组步行功能指标：步频、步长、步速、步幅较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,两组SF-36各维度评分较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,两组睁眼站立、脚前后站立、闭眼站立的重心摆动速度和动态稳定时间较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：脑卒中偏瘫患者经肌内效贴联合平衡功能训练治疗后,平衡功能得到较好的恢复,步行能力提高,其生活质量得到改善。     

A comparison of aspirin and anticoagulation following thrombolysis for myocardial infarction (the AFTER study): a multicentre unblinded randomised clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare aspirin with anticoagulation with regard to risk of cardiac death and reinfarction in patients who received anistreplase thrombolysis for myocardial infarction. DESIGN: A multicentre unblinded randomised clinical trial. SETTING: 38 hospitals in six countries. SUBJECTS: 1036 patients who had been treated with anistreplase for myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to either aspirin (150 mg daily) or anticoagulation (intravenous heparin followed by warfarin or other oral anticoagulant). The trial was stopped earlier than originally intended because of the slowing rate of recruitment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cardiac death or recurrent myocardial infarction at 30 days. RESULTS: After 30 days cardiac death or reinfarction, occurred in 11.0% (57/517) of the patients treated with anticoagulation and 11.2% (58/519) of the patients treated with aspirin (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 1.50, P = 0.92). Corresponding findings at three months were 13.2% (68/517) and 12.1% (63/519) (0.91, 0.63 to 1.32, P = 0.67). Patients receiving anticoagulation were more likely than patients receiving aspirin to have had severe bleeding or a stroke by three months (3.9% v 1.7% (0.44, 0.20 to 0.97, P = 0.04)). CONCLUSION: No evidence of a difference in the incidence of cardiac events was found between the two treatment groups, though the trial is too small to claim treatment equivalence confidently. A higher incidence of severe bleeding events and strokes was detected in the group receiving anticoagulation, suggesting that aspirin may be the drug of choice for most patients in this context.     

针灸结合康复训练对脑卒中患者恢复阶段的临床分析

目的:探讨针灸结合康复训练对脑卒中患者恢复阶段的疗效。方法:选取了240例脑卒中患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,对照组(108例)给予针灸疗法观察组(132例)给予针灸结合康复训练疗法。通过观察并记录治疗后3个月的疗效治疗前治疗后3个月的NIHSS评分、Fugl-Meyer评分、SF-36量表评分,评价针灸结合康复训练对脑卒中患者恢复阶段的疗效。结果:经治疗,观察组患者有效率93.9%,对照组患者有效率81.5%观察组有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05),治疗前,两组NIHSS和Fugl-Meyer评分无统计学差异(P0.05)治疗后3个月,两组NIHSS评分均明显下降且观察组下降较多,Fugl-Meyer评分明显升高且观察组升高较多(P0.05),治疗前,两组SF-36各项评分无统计学差异,治疗后3个月,两组SF-36评分均明显增加(P0.05)。观察组在活力、情感职能和精神健康3项评分明显高于对照组(P0.05),其余5项评分相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:采用针灸结合康复训练对脑卒中患者的恢复具有促进作用有效改善患者神经功能缺损和运动功能情况,提高患者生活质量。     

INTENSIVE REHABILITATION—Recent Experience in a Chronic Disease Hospital

An intensive rehabilitation program for persons with severe physical disabilities was carried on over a two-year period in a 35-bed unit at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital, a chronic disease hospital.Eighty-five patients were released (69 adults, 16 children) from the program after an average stay of six and a half months. Seventy-one per cent of these were discharged to their homes and the remainder were transferred to convalescent wards so much improved that they required less care, even worked on the grounds.Over half of the adult patients discharged to their homes became employed, not counting the women who resumed housework.The average hospitalization for patients in the same hospital without this program is three and a half years. Thus, despite a much higher cost per day for the patients in the intensive rehabilitation program, the total cost is about $7,640 less per patient discharged from the hospital.In addition the shorter period in hospital helps meet the ever-increasing demand for chronic disease beds.     

强化护理干预有利于提高肝硬化肝性脑病患者治疗效果、改善患者生存质量

为探讨强化护理干预在肝硬化肝性脑病患者治疗中的应用效果及对护理满意度的影响,本研究选取我院2014年1月至2016年1月收治的80例肝硬化肝性脑病患者,采用随机数字表法分为强化组和对照组各40例,两组患者均给予相同的基础治疗方案,强化组患者治疗期间给予强化的护理干预,对照组仅给予常规护理指导,对比两组的临床治疗效果、护理满意度。结果显示,治疗前,两组患者的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、血清白蛋白(serum albumin, ALB)、总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL)、血氨(NH3)差异不具有统计学意义(p>0.05);治疗1周后,强化组的ALT、TBIL、NH3测定值均低于对照组(p<0.05),ALB高于对照组(p<0.05);治疗1周后,强化组的躯体健康、心理障碍、社会功能、物质生活四个维度评分均高于对照组(p<0.05);强化组护理非常满意72.50%、满意22.50%、一般5.00%、不满意0.00%,对照组非常满意50.00%、满意20.00%、一般17.50%、不满意2.50%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。本研究初步表明,强化护理干预应用于肝硬化肝性脑病患者的治疗中有利于提高临床治疗效果、改善患者的生存质量、提高护理满意度。