三角帆蚌外套膜细胞的超微结构

用透射电镜观察了三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii Lea)外套膜细胞的超徽结构。外套膜内表皮细胞中,有具纤毛的柱状细胞,顶端具小分泌泡的杯状细胞,胞质中含大分泌泡以及线粒体聚集成群的柱状细胞四类。各类表皮细胞的细胞质电子密度和内含物均有差异。细胞核呈椭圆或棒形。线粒体和高尔基体多分布在细胞核上方细胞的游离端。各类细胞游离表面都密生微绒毛,其中内表皮的柱状细胞还着生有纤毛,但无分泌泡。其余几种表皮细胞在细胞顶部都具有大小不等,电子密度不同的分泌泡。在外表皮中只观察到一般的柱状表皮细胞和胞质中具有成群线粒体的细胞两类。另外,外表皮细胞中具有较多的溶酶体。从三角帆蚌外套膜表皮细胞超微结构来看,内、外表皮都具有分泌和吸收机能。内表皮的纤毛柱状细胞有运动功能,而外表皮细胞有较强的消化吸收功能。     

褶爪沪蚖假眼的电镜观察

褶爪沪蚖(Huhentomon plicatunguis Yin)假眼为梨形隆起,表面具纵向条纹和沟缝;内、外表皮之间形成假眼腔,腔的后半部有一条由内表皮突出形成的龙骨;假眼下有3个感觉细胞,各伸出一条纤毛树突,经假眼后端的通道进入假眼腔,逐渐伸展成片层状,其末端与沟缝相通。观察结果表明其假眼结构与华山夕蚖假眼甚为接近。     

褶爪沪蚖假眼的电镜观察

褶爪沪蚖(Huhentomon plicatunguis Yin)假眼为梨形隆起,表面具纵向条纹和沟缝;内、外表皮之间形成假眼腔,腔的后半部有一条由内表皮突出形成的龙骨;假眼下有3个感觉细胞,各伸出一条纤毛树突,经假眼后端的通道进入假眼腔,逐渐伸展成片层状,其末端与沟缝相通.观察结果表明其假眼结构与华山夕蚖假眼甚为接近.     

鳜鳃部寄生河鲈锚首吸虫的扫描电镜观察

河鲈锚首吸虫头器表面分布着形状各异的孔状结构,每个中央头瓣上有两个随着器囊,而每个外侧头瓣上只有一个。口腔位于头器下方的腹面中线上,口腔表皮与周围的表皮无异。生殖孔在口腔正下方,阴道开口于虫体背侧面,周围有微纤毛的分布。交接器位于生殖孔左下方,交接管表面波纹状,辅助交配器表面布满疣状突起,后随着器的中央锚钩上具一凹槽,边缘小钩的钩尖弯向基部。虫体表面至少分布着两类可能的感受器末端,一类呈单纤毛状散布于体表,纤毛从体表凹坑中伸出,或在其基部围一环状领襟;另一类呈乳突状,位于外侧头瓣的顶部。在部分河鲈锚首吸虫体表可见车轮虫的超寄生。     

冰川退缩地15种丛藓科植物茎的比较结构学观察

应用石蜡切片和扫描电镜方法对一号冰川退缩地生长的15种丛藓科植物茎的结构及表面微形态特征进行观察,结果表明：该地区的15种丛藓科植物的茎分为具中轴和无中轴两类,其细胞壁均有不同程度的加厚。而具中轴的丛藓科植物的茎又分为表皮、皮部、中轴三部分,茎表皮细胞短,1层,细胞壁大多向外突出,表面粗糙,表面纹饰多为颗粒状;皮部所占面积最大,大部分有内、外皮部的分化,大多数种的细胞壁由外向内逐渐变薄,细胞由小到大整齐排列;中轴所占的面积也不同,其细胞壁多具角隅加厚;而没有中轴分化的种类,其各自细胞壁加厚的程度基本一致。     

玉吊钟多细胞根毛的发育及其超微结构研究

玉吊钟气生不定根根尖区域的部分表皮细胞经分裂可形成多细胞根毛。根毛长０．０３ｍｍ左右,具单列细胞、双列细胞和叉状分枝类型,由基细胞和毛体细胞二部分组成。电镜显示,基细胞内部结构与表皮细胞相似。组成毛体的细胞都有分泌功能。在分泌活动期,细胞内形成大量内质网,并膨大成囊泡状或溢出囊泡,分泌停止,内质网即消失;其细胞结构的变化及主要由内质网参与分泌活动与蜜腺细胞在分泌活动中的结构变化类似。故推测多细胞根     

意大利工蜂咽下腺结构观察

通过研究意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera工蜂咽下腺的结构及形态,为蜜蜂形态学和蜜蜂生理学以及王浆分泌生理提供新知识采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、HE染色石蜡切片和透射电镜,从形态学和细胞学水平对意大利工蜂咽下腺的结构和功能做了详尽探究和分析.意大利工蜂咽下腺由多个卵圆形腺泡组成,每个腺泡的直径约为120×180 μm,腺泡之间有微气管相连,腺泡外侧有神经细胞,神经细胞的胞体直径约为12μm.每个腺泡是由多细胞构成,最外层有0.1 ～0.2 μm的结缔组织膜,内部有壁细胞、酶原细胞和王浆分泌细胞,其中王浆分泌细胞分布较多,细胞直径约为16 ～ 18 μm,细胞核直径约为6μm. 由咽下腺的形态结构和细胞类型推断,意大利工蜂咽下腺主要分泌王浆,也具有分泌消化酶的功能,同时了解到分泌消化酶和王浆的途径.     

森林革蜱雌蜱唾液腺的结构与变化(英文)

森林革蜱 (DermacentorsilvarumOlenev)雌蜱唾液腺由唾液腺管和大量的腺泡组成。从假头基到唾液腺末端 ,唾液腺管分为三部分 ,即中央腺管、主分支腺管和小叶管。球状的腺泡分布在各级腺管上。气管和中央腺管并行。腺泡呈圆形或近圆形 ,表面呈褶皱状 ,并有细小的气管分布。饥饿雌蜱唾液腺长度短 (5 4 7 3 3 μm) ;吸血后长度增加 ,吸血后 3天达到最大值 (1 1 0 9 40 μm)。从吸血后 3天到饱血后前 3 天 ,无明显变化 ,饱血后 4天明显缩短 (5 0 0 0 0 μm)。饥饿雌蜱的腺泡直径短 (45 2 4 μm) ,吸血期逐渐增大 ,吸血后 5天达到最大值 (74 1 0 μm)。饱血后腺泡逐渐萎缩并于饱血后 4天退化。     

中国水韭属植物的孢子形态特征

利用扫描电镜观察了中国现存5种水韭属Isētes植物孢子的表面纹饰,并统计分析了孢子的大小(n=30).结果显示:高寒水韭上hypsophila大孢子表面光滑无突起纹饰,平均极面直径358 μm,小孢子具脑回状纹饰,平均长度22μm;云贵水韭Lyunguiensis大孢子表面具脊条-网络状纹饰,纹饰突起较低,近极面较稀疏且不连成完全的网络,平均极面直径390 μm,小孢子具疣状小颗粒至近于光滑的表面纹饰,平均长度22μm;台湾水韭L taiwanensis大孢子表面具瘤状突起,平均极面直径312μm,小孢子表面具刺棘状突起,平均长度24μm;中华水韭I sinensis大孢子表面具脊条状突起,平均极面直径409 μm,小孢子表面具刺棘状突起,平均长度28 μm;东方水韭I orientalis大孢子表面具脊条-网络状纹饰,纹饰突起较高,近极面的网络较完整,平均极面直径420 μm,小孢子表面具矮刺状-瘤状突起,平均长度34 μm.比较类群间的孢子形态特征与染色体数目表明:5个类群的孢子表面纹饰区别明显,同时,孢子的大小可反映类群的倍性,孢子较小的高寒水韭、云贵水韭和台湾水韭是二倍体(2n=22),孢子较大的中华水韭(2n=44)和东方水韭(2n=66)为多倍体.孢子的形态特征在中国水韭属植物物种的鉴定与分类中具有重要意义.     

蟹累枝虫的光镜及电镜观察

利用活体观察、蛋白银染色及电镜技术对蟹累枝虫(Epistylis eriocheiri)的形态学、表膜下纤维及超微结构进行了较为系统的描述,研究发现:(1)光镜下该种群体双叉分支,活体时虫体表膜柔软,完全伸展时呈长筒状;大核马蹄形,呈横位;伸缩泡单个,斜卧口围缘下方。口围缘纤维上连细密的环状纤维,下接两端较为粗壮,中间细长的纵长纤维,构成了连续的表膜下纤维系。(2)电镜下该种表面具沟、嵴、横纹结构,沟嵴相互交错;口围纤毛花瓣状;虫体表膜层呈齿状,具嵴状突起、泡间微管、表膜孔,胞质层包括内含胞器单一的致密原生质层和富含胞器的疏松原生质层。研究对该种的上述特征在虫体的收缩机制及与其他相似种之间的关系等方面进行了讨论。       

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.