模式识别在锌酵母发酵工艺优化控制中的应用

发酵过程是一个复杂的多元体系。对其工艺条件优化和控制的数学定量化程度还较低。本文尝试将模糊集和模式识别的理论和方法引入发酵过程研究。以锌酵母发酵工艺条件优化为目的,获得了酵母产量高、糖转化率高及残糖浓度低等诸因素综合考虑的优化控制区。1 材料与方法     

谷氨酸发酵工艺参数的模式识别优化设计

应用模式识别调优法,对谷氨酸发酵的各项可控工艺参数(如pH值,温度,风量等)进行优化设计。以多维空间图象处理技术揭示模式空间的可视优化区,结合Monte Carlo模拟法从低维映照平面逆照到高维原始空间,设计了若干组优化工艺条件。经生产试验后补充新的生产记录,再行设计新的数学模型。对比试验表明：按模式识别优化设计的工艺条件操作,糖酸转化率提高2．90％,罐产量提高1 45％,产酸率提高2.65％。优化设汁方案已投入实际生产应用,该方法对降低原料单耗、产品成本具有很大潜力。     

里氏木霉FS10-C固体发酵基质筛选及发酵条件初探

筛选适宜里氏木霉FS10-C菌株固体发酵的基质,并优化其发酵基本条件,以期为将该菌株应用于土壤重金属污染修复中奠定基础。采用单因素试验对固体发酵基质进行筛选,在筛选结果的基础上,再运用正交试验设计初步确定适宜的发酵条件,并在50 L固体发酵罐中进行放大试验。结果表明,桔皮麦麸混合物为木霉FS10-C的最佳发酵基质,优化后的平皿固体发酵条件为:桔皮、麦麸按1∶1比例配伍,固水比为1∶1.2,接种量为5%,发酵温度为28℃,发酵14 d后产孢量可高达2.43×1010 CFU/g,且应用于固体发酵罐中发酵效果良好,产孢量达到1.44×1010 CFU/g。通过对固体发酵基质的筛选和发酵条件的优化,可实现木霉FS10-C的高密度培养,降低制剂成本,具有规模化生产的潜力。     

淡紫拟青霉固态发酵工艺优化

[目的]在淡紫拟青霉固体发酵生产过程中,提高淡紫拟青霉分生孢子产量。[方法]通过研究筛选发酵原料和优化固体发酵培养基,控制发酵工艺条件等方法,提高了固体发酵淡紫拟青霉的分生孢子产量。[结果]通过研究固体发酵过程,得出玉米粉作用显著,能显著提高固体发酵淡紫拟青霉的分生孢子数,可达到1.31×1010CFU/g。[结论]该淡紫拟青霉的最优培养基为:麸皮72.5%、玉米粉15%、豆饼粉10%、稻壳2%、硫酸铵0.5%。生产工艺为原料与水的比例为1:0.6,发酵温度为26℃,发酵培养时间为8d。     

根霉12号固体发酵产生纤溶酶工艺条件的研究*

研究了根霉12号固体发酵产生纤溶酶的工艺条件。采用单因素试验、均匀设计方法对固体发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、碳氮比、初始pH、加水量、无机盐加量进行了优化;采用正交试验对发酵时间、接种量进行了研究。结果表明,实验范围内根霉12固体发酵产纤溶酶的适宜培养基组成为:麸皮∶豆粕=1∶2,初始pH5.0,加水量0.75ml/g物料, MnSO4H2O和 (NH4)2SO4加量分别为0.25%和 1.42%(对物料)。适宜培养条件为接种量107个孢子/g物料,培养时间72h。优化条件下的纤溶酶产量平均达791.81u/g物料。     

根霉12号固体发酵产生纤溶酶工艺条件的研究

研究了根霉12号固体发酵产生纤溶酶的工艺条件。采用单因素试验、均匀设计方法对固体发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、碳氮比、初始pH、加水量、无机盐加量进行了优化;采用正交试验对发酵时间、接种量进行了研究。结果表明,实验范围内根霉12固体发酵产纤溶酶的适宜培养基组成为：麸皮：豆粕=1:2,初始pH5.0,加水量0.75ml／g物料,MnSO4-H2O 和 (NH4)2SO4加量分别为0.25％和1.42％(对物料)。适宜培养条件为接种量10^7个孢子/g 物料,培养时间 72h。优化条件下的纤溶酶产量平均达 791.81u／g物料。     

假蜜环菌发酵工艺的优化研究

目前,国内普遍采用亮菌固体发酵工艺生产亮菌制剂。采用小型发酵罐液体深层发酵和液体静置发酵对亮菌发酵工艺进行优化研究。液体深层发酵采用28℃,200 r/min,通气量1∶1 v/v·m,培养7 d,亮菌干重为16.55g/L,其中菌丝体中多糖含量为5.42%,蛋白含量为1.75%;液体静置发酵采用500 mL三角瓶,28℃,150 r/min,摇瓶3 d后静置发酵14 d,亮菌干重可达10.69 g/L,发酵液中多糖含量为1.016 g/L,蛋白含量为0.320 g/L。对液体静置发酵进一步研究发现其发酵液中亮菌甲素含量可达3.118 mg/L。由此可见,两种发酵方式在保证生物量和活性成分的前提下,缩短了发酵周期,均优于传统的固体发酵工艺,值得工业生产借鉴。     

中药内的生物制药——固体发酵工程系列及其真菌药物

概述了我国古今中药内的生物制药工程中唯一的固体发酵生产真菌药物的情况,以神曲、猴头菌及槐耳菌质等为代表说明由"制曲工艺"、"固体培养"到固体发酵的理念与工艺的变化与发展,从"普通型固体发酵"发展到"双向型固体发酵"的范例可推断分析古代制曲工艺在基质中应用中药材的作用,说明其貌似粗糙而可能有潜在深刻的内涵亟待整理发掘。现已存在建立固体发酵系列工程的可能性,更显示了中药宝库的丰富内容和菌物药的价值,对指导研发新真菌药物有一定理论与实际意义。     

提高灰黄霉素固体发酵单位的研究

为了扩大灰黄霉素固体发酵原料的来源,大搞综合利用,我们以玉米酒糟和麦麸为主要原料,对适合固体发酵生产用的培养基进行了筛选。在发酵工艺上应用了“灌水湿润”法以提高瓷盘开放式发酵灰黄霉素的效价。对表面活性剂在提高灰黄霉素单位的效果上也进行了研究。现将这些结果介绍于后。     

混合菌固体发酵花生粕的工艺优化

本实验选用符合《饲料添加剂品种目录》的植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)EM1、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)JM、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)BW2作为发酵菌株对花生粕进行固体发酵,以多肽和总酸含量为指标,通过单因素实验及正交试验对植物乳杆菌、酿酒酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌接种量,发酵温度,发酵时间和料液比进行优化。确定工艺参数为:植物乳杆菌接种量5%,酿酒酵母接种量9%,枯草芽孢杆菌接种量9%,料液比1∶1.2,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间48 h。在此条件下发酵花生粕,多肽和总酸含量分别为18.89%±0.35%和9.12%±0.23%,较优化前分别提高33.78%和24.45%,提高幅度较大,可见优化后工艺稳定且重复性较好。     

Optimization of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation process for production of a therapeutic recombinant protein using a multivariate bayesian approach

Various approaches have been applied to optimize biological product fermentation processes and define design space. In this article, we present a stepwise approach to optimize a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation process through risk assessment analysis, statistical design of experiments (DoE), and multivariate Bayesian predictive approach. The critical process parameters (CPPs) were first identified through a risk assessment. The response surface for each attribute was modeled using the results from the DoE study with consideration given to interactions between CPPs. A multivariate Bayesian predictive approach was then used to identify the region of process operating conditions where all attributes met their specifications simultaneously. The model prediction was verified by twelve consistency runs where all batches achieved broth titer more than 1.53 g/L of broth and quality attributes within the expected ranges. The calculated probability was used to define the reliable operating region. To our knowledge, this is the first case study to implement the multivariate Bayesian predictive approach to the process optimization for the industrial application and its corresponding verification at two different production scales. This approach can be extended to other fermentation process optimizations and reliable operating region quantitation. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 28: 1095–1105, 2012     

Generalised additive modelling approach to the fermentation process of glutamate

In this work, generalised additive models (GAMs) were used for the first time to model the fermentation of glutamate (Glu). It was found that three fermentation parameters fermentation time (T), dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) could capture 97% variance of the production of Glu during the fermentation process through a GAM model calibrated using online data from 15 fermentation experiments. This model was applied to investigate the individual and combined effects of T, DO and OUR on the production of Glu. The conditions to optimize the fermentation process were proposed based on the simulation study from this model. Results suggested that the production of Glu can reach a high level by controlling concentration levels of DO and OUR to the proposed optimization conditions during the fermentation process. The GAM approach therefore provides an alternative way to model and optimize the fermentation process of Glu.     

L-缬氨酸生产菌的选育及其发酵培养基的模式识别优化

以黄色短杆菌TV10为出发菌株 ,经紫外线、硫酸二乙酯逐级诱变处理 ,在含磺胺胍 (SG)、α 氨基丁酸 (α AB)、2 噻唑丙氨酸 ( 2 TA)等氨基酸结构类似物平板上定向筛选 ,获得L 缬氨酸高产菌株TV2 30。应用模式识别方法 ,对L 缬氨酸发酵培养基进行优化。以培养基组成构筑模式空间 ,通过主成分分析 (PCA)揭示模式空间的可视优化区域 ,选择优化点并逆推回到高维空间得到最优培养基组成 ,结果该菌株可积累L 缬氨酸 2 6 .38g·L-1,比初始值提高 7.8%。     

基于傅里叶变换近红外光谱实时分析1,3-丙二醇发酵过程生物量的在线监测方法

生物量是反映生物发酵过程进展的重要参数,对生物量进行实时监测可用于对发酵过程的调控优化。为克服目前主要采用的离线方法检测生物量时间滞后和人工测量误差较大等缺点,本研究针对1,3-丙二醇发酵过程设计了一个基于傅里叶变换近红外光谱实时分析技术的生物量在线监测实验平台,通过对实时采集光谱预处理以及敏感光谱段分析,应用偏最小二乘算法,建立了1,3-丙二醇发酵过程生物量变化的动态预测模型。以底物甘油浓度为60 g/L和40 g/L的发酵过程作为外部验证实验,分析得到模型的预测均方根误差分别为0.341 6和0.274 3,结果表明所建立的模型具有较好的实时预测能力,能够实现对1,3-丙二醇发酵过程中生物量的有效在线监测。     

传统豆酱发酵过程中细菌多样性动态

细菌在豆酱发酵过程中起到非常重要的作用,并与豆酱的风味和质量密切相关,因此研究豆酱中细菌的多样性具有重要意义。以自然发酵的豆酱样品为研究对象,采用细菌16S rDNA的部分可变区的PCR-DGGE技术对自然发酵豆酱样品的细菌群落组成和优势菌群进行研究。结果表明,传统豆酱发酵过程细菌群体中既有原始种群的减少和增长,也有次级种群的增多和演变。在整个发酵过程中,初期和末期以不可培养细菌为主,初期细菌群体快速演替,细菌种群多样性指数在发酵42 d和56 d达到两次高峰。     

Monitoring batch fermentations with an electronic tongue

An electronic tongue comprising 21 potentiometric chemical sensors with pattern recognition tools was used for the rapid off-line monitoring of batch Escherichia coli fermentations. The electronic tongue was capable of monitoring the changes in the media composition as the fermentation progressed, and could correlate this with an increase in biomass. The electronic tongue was also able to monitor the increase in organic acids, especially acetic acid, throughout the fermentation. This technique clearly shows promise as a rapid tool for fermentation monitoring.     

L-苏氨酸工业生产发酵条件优化研究

发酵法生产L-苏氨酸是目前广泛采用的方法,因此研究工业生产发酵条件优化具有重要意义。试验以高产L-苏氨酸菌作为出发菌株,结合本公司的实际工业生产条件对发酵各条件进行了一系列优化研究,结果表明：添加0.2%的工业级生长促进剂,以复合糖代替葡萄糖为初糖,并控制初糖浓度在60g/L,除生长高峰期外,发酵过程中溶解氧（DO）控制在10%~20%之间;最终发酵放罐湿菌体在45g/L左右,L-苏氨酸含量可达110g/L左右。     

Yeast population dynamics during the fermentation and biological aging of sherry wines

Molecular and physiological analyses were used to study the evolution of the yeast population, from alcoholic fermentation to biological aging in the process of "fino" sherry wine making. The four races of "flor" Saccharomyces cerevisiae (beticus, cheresiensis, montuliensis, and rouxii) exhibited identical restriction patterns for the region spanning the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS-1 and ITS-2) and the 5.8S rRNA gene, but this pattern was different, from those exhibited by non-flor S. cerevisiae strains. This flor-specific pattern was detected only after wines were fortified, never during alcoholic fermentation, and all the strains isolated from the velum exhibited the typical flor yeast pattern. By restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA and karyotyping, we showed that (i) the native strain is better adapted to fermentation conditions than commercial strains; (ii) two different populations of S. cerevisiae strains are involved in the process of elaboration, of fino sherry wine, one of which is responsible for must fermentation and the other, for wine aging; and (iii) one strain was dominant in the flor population integrating the velum from sherry wines produced in González Byass wineries, although other authors have described a succession of races of flor S. cerevisiae during wine aging. Analyzing all these results together, we conclude that yeast population dynamics during biological aging is a complex phenomenon and differences between yeast populations from different wineries can be observed.     

拉曼光谱分析技术在资源微生物发酵性能评价中的应用

微生物发酵过程是细胞新陈代谢进行物质转化的过程,为了提高目标产物的转化率,需要对微生物发酵动态特性进行实时分析,以便实时优化发酵过程。拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy)量化测试作为一种有应用前景的在线过程分析技术,可以在避免微生物污染的条件下,实现精准监测,进而用于优化控制微生物发酵过程。【目的】以运动发酵单胞菌(Zymomonas mobilis)为例,建立微生物发酵过程中葡萄糖、木糖、乙醇和乳酸浓度拉曼光谱预测模型,并进行准确性验证。【方法】采用浸入式在线拉曼探头,收集运动发酵单胞菌发酵过程中多个组分的拉曼光谱,采用偏最小二乘法对光谱信号进行预处理和多元数据分析,结合离线色谱分析数据,对拉曼光谱进行建模分析和浓度预测。【结果】针对运动发酵单胞菌,首先实现拉曼分析仪对单一产品乙醇发酵过程的精准检测,其次基于多元变量分析,建立葡萄糖、乙醇和乳酸浓度变化的预测模型,实现对发酵过程中各成分浓度变化的准确有效分析。【结论】成功建立了一种评价资源微生物尤其是工业菌株发酵液多种组分的拉曼光谱分析方法。该方法为运动发酵单胞菌等工业菌株利用多组分底物工业化生产不同产物的实时检测,以及其他微生物尤其工业菌株的选育和过程优化提供了新方法。