不同种源樟树叶片形态特征及生长差异分析

为了解不同种源樟树叶片形态特征和生长差异,该文以30个种源樟树为研究对象,对其叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、周长、叶面积、长宽比、形态因子、株高、地径等指标进行测定和差异性分析.结果表明:(1)30个种源间叶片性状的变异系数为3.88％～16.14％,显示不同种源樟树叶片形态特征存在显著差异;叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、周长、面积、叶厚...     

施硼对番木瓜幼龄株硼形态含量及叶片光合作用的影响

探讨根外喷硼与土壤施硼对植株硼形态含量及叶片光合作用的影响。结果表明,两种供硼方式均可增加植株叶片、叶柄及根的硼形态含量及硼总量,其中以叶片水溶态硼、半束缚态硼及硼总量的增加最为显著。植株硼含量增加提高了叶片净光合速率,但硼过量却抑制了叶片光合能力的提升,而硼中毒导致光合能力显著下降。     

绿豆幼苗生长状态对环境羟基自由基水平的影响

为了解植物生长状态对环境羟基自由基水平的影响,研究了相同培养条件下不同生长状态的绿豆(Vigna radiata)幼苗对空气中的羟基自由基水平的影响。结果表明,正常生长的绿豆幼苗周围环境羟基自由基水平显著高于没有植物生长的环境,失活幼苗对周围环境羟基自由水平没有显著影响;渗透胁迫的绿豆幼苗对环境羟基自由基水平影响极显著,渗透胁迫程度不同其影响程度也有所不同;绿豆幼苗对环境羟基自由基水平的影响与其呼吸速率密切相关。这证明绿豆幼苗生长对环境羟基自由基水平有影响,且这种影响依赖于其生理代谢过程及生长状态。     

温度对绿豆离体叶片光合作用的影响

绿豆离体叶片分别经25、30、35、40、45、50、55℃处理60 min后,发现净光合速率和光系统Ⅱ的最大量子效率(Fv/Fm)当温度分别高于35和40℃时明显下降;细胞间隙CO2浓度的变化趋势与净光合速率的基本相反.因此认为,Fv/Fm比净光合速率(Pn)更能耐受高温;气孔因素不是各种温度处理中净光合速率升高或降低的主要原因.     

科尔沁沙地22种菊科草本植物叶片形态特征研究

以内蒙古科尔沁沙地22种菊科草本植物为实验材料,研究这些植物的比叶面积、叶片厚度、叶片干物质含量、叶片体积、叶重比和叶片组织密度等特性之间的关系.结果表明,叶片体积和叶片厚度之间存在较强的正相关,其相关系数r=0.782.而叶片厚度与叶片组织密度、比叶面积与叶片组织密度、叶片体积与叶片组织密度之间则存在一定的负相关性,它们的相关系数分别为-0.767、-0.559和-0.505,其余各特性之间均不存在相关性.根据赋值后数据或者二元数据,运用聚类分析方法得出3个组群,并运用单因素方差分析方法检验各特性在各组间的显著性,叶片厚度、叶片体积、叶重比和叶片组织密度特性在组间存在极显著差异.     

三唑酮对绿豆幼苗叶片衰老的延缓作用

三唑酮处理可提高离体绿豆（ＰｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｒａｄｉａｔｕｓＬ．）幼苗叶片叶绿素和蛋白质含量。叶片衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡｓＡＰＯＤ）活性及抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）和还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量降低。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ三唑酮可提高ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量,对ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性无影响。丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,并与ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量呈显著负相关,三唑酮可降低ＭＤＡ含量。表明三唑酮有提高植物对膜脂过氧化作用的保护能力,延缓叶片的衰老作用。     

不同海拔高度泡沙参叶片形态研究

对不同海拔高度的泡沙参叶表形态、气孔特征进行了观察,比较了不同海拔高度对泡沙参叶片生态适应的影响。结果表明：泡沙参叶表皮角质层较厚,被有大量表皮毛和蜡质颗粒,海拔越高越明显;泡沙参气孔复体类型均为不规则型,气孔保卫细胞角质层较厚,气孔口较小,气孔密度与气孔大小成反比,并且气孔大小随海拔升高而减小,气孔密度随海拔升高而增大,是一种抗旱适应的表现。     

微量元素硼对林木生长的影响

硼 (Ｂ)是植物生长过程中不可缺少的微量元素之一 ,它对植物中糖的运输、核酸与蛋白质的合成、光合作用、花粉萌发、受精和结实等均有作用。农业上对Ｂ的研究和应用较多。早在 192 3年英国人Ｗａｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ[4 5] 就报道Ｂ对植物生长发育的重要性。此后 ,曾多人对此研究进行了较为详细的综述[33,34 ,36 ,4 3] 。我国低Ｂ和缺Ｂ土壤分布很广 ,主要分布在东部 ,尤其是东南部[9] 。在这些地区报道甘蓝型油菜、棉花和一些果树出现缺Ｂ症状 ,如甘蓝型油菜“花而不实”和棉花“蕾而无花”等。黑龙江省曾发现小麦、大麦、玉米、大豆、甜菜等严重…     

铅对绿豆幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Pb^2 on the growth of mung bean(Phaseolus radiatus L.)seedlings were conducted with an experiment.The results showed that the dry weight of roots increased by 13.01%,the dry weight of shoots decreased by 12.80%,the free proline and MDA content in leaves increased specially by 2.07% and 5.82%,the activity of POD decreased by 37.32% compared to control under 0.05mmol/L Pb^2 treatment.Under 0.5mmol/L Pb^2 treatment,the dry weights of roots and shoots decreased specially be 14.45% and 29.36%,the free proline and MDA content in leaves increased specially by 43.55% and 28.50,the activity of POD decreased by 59.37% compared to control.The results indicated that Pb^2 interfered the growth of mung bean seedlings by destroying cell membrane intergrity and decreasing the activity of POD in leaves.     

不同抗旱性绿豆突变体的形态解剖学研究

对抗旱性不同的3个绿豆突变体即172-3(高抗)、159-1(中抗)、145-1(弱抗)和原材料中绿2号(不抗)在水分胁迫情况下进行了形态解剖学研究,旨在探明其抗旱性不同的机理。研究结果表明:3个突变体与原材料的根、茎、叶各器官基本形态结构是一致的,材料间抗旱性差异主要表现在抗性结构指标上。抗旱性强的突变体根干重较大(4个材料依次为172-3>159-1>145-1>中绿2号),根部木质部导管的数目较多,依次为172-3>145-1>159-1>中绿2号。抗旱性强的突变体茎部的维管束排列较紧密,其中的导管数目较多,4个材料维管束分别为:23、25、26和18,导管数目相应为:251、236、207和157,而且抗性强的突变体茎皮层细胞较大,皮层较厚,中央髓的薄壁细胞中后含物单宁的含量较多。抗旱性突变体叶片中栅栏组织和海绵组织的比值较大,4个材料的值相应为:2.23,2.08,2.10和1.85,叶主脉的大小依次为172-3>159-1>145-1>中绿2号,同时抗性强突变体中叶主脉维管束中导管的半径较大。     

The geotropic reaction and statolith movements following geostimulation of mung bean hypocotyls*

Abstract. Characteristics of the geotropic response of de-etiolated mung bean hypocotyls are presented. Geotropic sensitivity is not confined to the apical tissue but exists throughout the responding zone. The presentation time is estimated to lie between 0 and 30 s for this tissue. Anatomical features of the presumed geoperceptive tissues are described. Rapid sedimentation and cyclosis of statolith amyloplasts in living tissue are reported, which are fast enough not to preclude the possibility of receptor sites situated at or near the lateral wall of statocytes.     

Comparison of the effects of epibrassinolide and steroidal estrogens on adventitious root growth and early shoot development in mung bean cuttings

Concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide as low as 0.1 μ M consistently inhibited adventitious root formation and elongation in both hypocotyl and epicotyl cuttings from mung bean ( Phaseolus aureus L.). Similar, but less pronounced, inhibitory effects on root elongation were also observed with estrone sulphate and estradiol sulphate. With regards to root number, estrone sulphate enhanced this in both types of cutting, whereas estradiol sulphate was stimulatory in hypocotyl cuttings but inhibitory in epicotyl cuttings. Brassinolide caused a marked stimulation of epicotyl (but not hypocotyl) elongation and a swelling and splitting of the epicotyl in both types of cutting, whereas estrogens varied in their effect from inhibition of epicotyl growth to no effect. Root-applied brassinolide and estrogen sulphates brought about similar morphological abnormalities in shoots viz. epinasty and inrolling of primary leaves and delayed expansion of the first trifoliate leaf.     

Studies on energy status and mitochondrial respiration during growth and senescence of mung bean cotyledons

Several characteristics of mitochondrial respiration and energy status have been studied during growth and senescence of mung bean ( Phaseolus radiatus L.) cotyledons. The results showed that mitochondrial oxygen consumption, respiratory control, ADP:O ratios, and energy charge changed in the cotyledons during germination and growth of the seedlings. The respiration rate of intact cotyledons approximately reflected the trend of the oxidative activities of the isolated mitochondria. An increase was observed in both whole cotyledon respiration and mitochondrial oxygen uptake at the onset of senescence of mung bean cotyledons (day 3 after germination), which thereafter declined gradually. The capacity and activity of the alternative pathway increased markedly in mitochondria isolated from senescent cotyledons. After the onset of senescence, the mung bean cotyledon mitochondria exhibited a decrease both in the respiratory control ratios and ADP:O ratios, and the cotyledons exhibited a gradual decline in energy charge. All these results showed an irreversible deterioration of energy conservation in mung bean cotyledons. The role(s) of the alternative pathway in senescent mung bean cotyledons is discussed.     

Characterization of new microsatellite markers in mung bean,Vigna radiata (L.)

The present work reports the isolation and characterization of new polymorphic microsatellites in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Of 93 designed primer pairs, seven were found to amplify polymorphic microsatellite loci, which were then characterized using 34 mung bean accessions. The number of alleles ranged from two to five alleles per locus with an average of three alleles. Observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0 to 0.088 and from 0.275 to 0.683, respectively. All seven loci showed significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, whereas only one pairwise combination (GBssr‐MB77 and GBssr‐MB91) exhibited significant departure from linkage disequilibrium. These newly developed markers are currently being utilized for diversity assessment within the mung bean germplasm collection of the Korean Gene Bank.     

Effect of cations on the structure of mung bean cytoplasmic ribosomes

The importance of the absolute and relative concentrations of monovalent and divalent cations and centrifugal speed (pressure) in the dissociation of mung bean 80S ribosomes has been examined. In the absence of Mg²⁺ ions, ribosome monomers yield 47S and 34S particles. Fixation with glutaraldehyde, however, indicates that this dissociation pattern is largely dependent upon high pressures developed during centrifugation and that in the absence of such artifacts the immediate product of Mg-free conditions is a 74S particle. Since 74S particles rapidly revert to the 80S form when Mg is replaced, this would appear to be a conformational change. Ribosomes were also dissociated in the presence of Mg²⁺ ions if the K⁺ ion concentration was raised. Three major particles were produced, 38S and 49S from the small ribosomal sub-unit and 60S from the large sub-unit. A proportion of the 80S monomer population is more resistant to dissociation. Experiments with puromycin indicate that the more resistant fraction probably represents ribosomes completed with nascent polypeptide resulting from polysome breakdown.     

甘蔗废糖蜜对绿豆插条下胚轴生根的影响

本文研究甘蔗废糖蜜对绿豆插条下胚轴生根的影响,结果表明,1000~7000mg/L浓度范围内的甘蔗废糖蜜能明显增加绿豆插条下胚轴不定根的数目、根长、根干重及生根范围,并促进不定根内可溶性糖含量和不定根系活力提高。     

UV-B辐射和NaCl胁迫对绿豆幼苗叶片DNA损伤的复合效应

研究了0·4W/m2UV-B辐射和0·4%NaCl胁迫对两绿豆品种中绿_1和秦豆-20(PhaseolusraditusL.cv.Zhongl櫣-1andQindou-20)幼苗叶片DNA损伤的复合效应。结果表明:(1)中绿-1抗UV-B辐射和NaCl胁迫的能力均强于秦豆-20;NaCl胁迫能降低中绿-1UV-B敏感性,但对秦豆-20UV-B敏感性无明显影响。(2)两逆境因子单独胁迫或复合胁迫下DNA增色效应均明显降低,但中绿-1降低程度小于秦豆-20,复合胁迫下降低程度小于单独NaCl胁迫下。(3)UV-B辐射诱导的中绿-1DNA链内环丁烷嘧啶二聚体(CPD)累积量明显低于秦豆-20;NaCl胁迫能降低UV-B诱导的中绿-1CPD累积,而对UV-B诱导的秦豆-20CPD累积无影响。(4)各种胁迫处理均导致两品种幼苗DNA含量降低,但两品种间相比中绿-1降低程度较大。结果说明UV-B辐射不仅能诱导DNA链内交联形成CPD,而且能诱导DNA链间交联和DNA含量降低,且不同绿豆品种或同一品种在有无NaCl胁迫时UV-B敏感性的差异主要与CPD累积量和DNA链间交联程度有关。     

The effect of brassinolide on the light-induced growth inhibition in mung bean epicotyl

Growth of the mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) epicotyl was retarded by white (400–700 nm) light, especially by monochromatic red (660 nm) light. Growth promoting effects of brassinolide were observed under those light conditions that retarded growth, but were not evident in the dark or under far-red light. Brassinolide seems to act to overcome the inhibitory affects of lights.     

Inhibitory effect of polyamines on the activity of endopeptidase in mung bean cotyledons

The activity of cysteine endopeptidase (EP) in the cotyledons of mung bean seeds increased with time after germination. When cotyledons were excised from the embryonic axis in the course of seedling growth, the activity of EP in the excised cotyledon markedly dropped during the following incubation of 1 d. However, the level of EP protein in excised cotyledons, as examined by immunoblotting, was similar to that in axis-attached cotyledons at the corresponding stage. Thus, it seems that the low activity of EP in excised cotyledons is not due to a decrease in the content of EP protein, but due to a loss of the activity of existing EP. Treatment of attached cotyledons with polyamines (PAs; putrescine and spermidine [Spd]) resulted in a decrease in EP activity, while the same PA-treatment brought about little alteration in the level of EP protein. This indicates that PAs somehow produce an inhibitory effect on the activity of EP. Axis-removal resulted in an accumulation of Spd in the cotyledon. The possibility is suggested that PA, especially Spd, is involved in the inhibition of EP activity in excised mung bean cotyledons.