三化螟第3—4世代数量变动因素初步分析

三化螟的数量变动是个异常复杂的问题,必须通过长期的、艰苦的研究才有希望彻底解决。笔者于1964年在总结历年资料的基础上,试图对部分世代发生数量变动因素的有关问题提出一些看法。由于水平所限,错漏之处请读者指正。 一、三化螟年度消长概况 1957年-1964年新兴县三化螟发生消长规律为:1-3代显著上升,4-5代显著下降。属第3代多发型。历年事实表明,第3-4代之间的数量变动是年中消减的     

三化螟种群数量年变化的主导因素和预测探讨

<正> 三化螟Tryporyza incertulas(Walker)是本地区水稻的主要害虫,其发生数量的变动,一直为人们密切注意。六十年代初以前,对三化螟的猖獗因素,曾有过不少研究。许多研究都指     

温度对三化螟生长发育的影响

<正> 温度是影响三化螟Tryporyza incertulas(Walker)种群系统重要的边界因子之一,它对三化螟的生长及其种群数量变动有着重要的作用,蔡邦华、林郁等和张坚都曾进行过这方面的研究;本文在上述研究的基础上,更详细地研究了温度对三化螟各虫期生长发育的作用,这将有助于对三化螟种群系统进行模拟和控制。 材料和方法 一、供试虫源和幼虫饲养     

江淮稻区三化螟发生、防治的几个问题及防治对策的重新思考

20 0 0年江淮稻区 3代三化螟Ｔｒｙｐｏｒｙｚａｉｎ ｃｅｒｔｕｌａｓ(Ｗａｌｋｅｒ)发生危害严重 ,部分县、乡 (镇 )特大发生 ,发生危害实属历史罕见。相当一部分田块危害 (白穗 )程度可称为触目惊心。以邗江新坝为例 ,3代三化螟白穗率最高达 6 5 7% ;白穗率 3 0 %以上的田块占 1 0 %左右 ;白穗率5%～ 1 0 %的田块占 40 %～ 50 % ;5%左右的田块占 3 0 %～ 40 %。相当一部分严重危害的田块看上去象秋天的芦苇滩 ,健穗反而难以见到。本文就 2 0 0 0年三化螟的发生、防治的调查结果 ,结合过去对三化螟的一些研究阐述三化螟的几个问题 ,并提出…     

桃源三化螟和二化螟生态分布及其演替原因探讨

对湖南省桃源县 1 95 0年至 2 0 0 0年二化螟Chilosuppressalis(Walker)、三化螟Tryporyzaincertulas(Walker)发生动态、演替规律及其变化原因进行了分析 ,认为耕作制度的变革是引起螟虫分布演替的根本原因 ,二化螟、三化螟各自的生物学特性是引起其种群分布演替的内在原因 ,而化学防治是其中的另一重要原因。     

马尔柯夫链模型预测三化螟发生趋势

本文把三化螟的年间数量变动作为一个离散系统,然后根据马尔柯夫链模型研究其轻、中、重发生的初始概率、转移概率,预测其今后7至10年的发生趋势;同时设置不同条件的转移概率,模拟未来5至7年的变化趋势,为制定防治决策提供依据.     

两种稻螟灯下蛾峰日与月相的关系

经常规及圆形统计分析我国 2 0世纪 5 0年代灯光诱蛾资料 ,发现三化螟和二化螟的蛾峰日受到月相的显著影响。三化螟蛾峰数的平均角 (集中趋势 )对应于农历 2 6日 0时 5 3分 (P<0 0 0 1) ,二化螟对应于 2 4日 2 3时 5 3分 (P <0 0 0 1) ,二者差异不显著 (P >0 2 5 ) ,合并对应于 2 5日 11时 36分。     

三化螟自然种群生命表的研究

１９８４—１９８８年,在广东省四会县以生命表方法,进行了三化螟自然种群动态的研究,共获９个生命表．从生命表看出,各世代均以初孵幼虫入侵死亡率为最高,中后期幼以初孵幼虫入侵死亡率（ｋ５）为最大,冲后期幼虫转株死亡率（ｋ９）次之,但经图解法和回归法分析结果证实,中后期幼虫转株死亡率是影响三化螟种群数量变动的第１关键因素,而初孵幼虫入侵死亡率乃是第２关键因素．     

广东早熟稻对三化螟生长发育的影响

<正> 水稻生育期对三化螟Sciropophaga ince-rtulas(Walker)生长发育有很明显的影响。根据这一结果,在三化螟综合防治措施中,提出了利用水稻对三化螟生长发育不利的生育期来避开三化螟卵盛孵期,以减轻三化螟的为害;具体做法是早稻利用早熟稻早播、早植,使它提前齐穗,以避开第二代三化螟的为害。我们通过田间试验对比调查了三化螟对早、迟熟水稻的为害情况,及其对三化螟生长发育和种群数量变化趋势的影响。     

我国稻螟灾害的现状及损失估计

我国稻螟为害的确切记载始于 1 0 2 2年。 2 0世纪 5 0年代中期以前 ,以二化螟Chilosuppressalis(Walker)为害为主。此后十几年中 ,三化螟Tryporyzaincertulas(Walker)普遍大发生。 70年代 ,我国螟害轻微。 1 993年 ,二化螟急剧回升 ,三化螟也随之回升。 1 996年 2种稻螟大发生 ,此后连年暴发成灾。目前我国螟灾的主要特点是虫口密度高、受害范围广、受害程度重、持续时间长、经济损失大。首要螟灾区是沿江稻区 ,二化螟和三化螟分别约占 2 3和 1 3。全国年发面积约 1 5 0 0万hm2 ,防治约 3 80 0万hm2 次。该文首次估计年防治代价约 45 7～ 60亿元 ,残虫造成作物损失近 65亿元 ,总经济损失约 1 1 5亿元。由此可见 ,当前稻螟已取代稻飞虱、棉铃虫成为影响我国国计民生的头号害虫。     

湘北地区三化螟种群消长的原因探讨

本文根据湘北 4 9年水稻三化螟 Tryporyza incertulas( Walker)种群密度消长的历史资料 ,着重分析了 1996～ 1998年连续 3年三化螟在湘北猖獗为害的原因 ,即中稻、一季晚稻面积增加 ,杂交中、晚稻“双两大”的推广 ,晚稻的大面积早插都便于三化螟辗转繁殖为害 ;稻田春收作物——油菜的大面积种植 ,增加了三化螟的有效越冬虫源 ;水稻播期拉长及品种的多元化和栽培方式的多样化 ,使水稻危险生育期与蚁螟盛孵期吻合度加大 ;三化螟对农药的抗性增强和主害代发生期变得不整齐 ,增加了防治的难度     

三化螟种群动态、大发生原因及防治对策

报道了江淮南部水稻螟虫演变规律 ,总结了近年来三化螟的发生新特点 ,即发生期提早、主害代提前、发生盛期拉长、主害代数增加、峰次明显增多以及田间虫量超历史水平。分析其回升及暴发原因 ,主要有耕作制度变更、品种与茬口布局变化、栽培方式多样化、暖冬以及天敌寄生率下降。提出了防治对策包括栽培防治、灌水灭蛹和药剂治螟 ,其中药剂治螟的关键是适期施药、适当增加防治次数、合理选用农药和改进施药技术。     

Varietal resistance, population dynamics and timing insecticidal application with peak oviposition by Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on rice

The flight activity of yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) peaked in the months of April-May, May-June, August-September and October. The number of egg masses and the number of adults attracted to light sources were the indicators of S. incertulas flight activity. The rice varieties TKM6, IR22, IR60, IR66 and IR74 were infested at 7, 10, 12 and 16 wk after planting with 5, 10, 20 and 40 neonates of S. incertulas. All varieties except IR66 were susceptible to dead heart damage by S. incertulas. When the rice varieties TKM6, BPIRi2, BPIRi4, IR22, IR36, IR60, IR66 and IR74 were treated with carbofuran insecticide at the time of peak oviposition by S. incertulas in the field, the dead heart damage on all the varieties was significantly reduced in comparison with the untreated plots. Indiscriminate routine insecticidal treatments (fixed schedule) can be replaced by a treat-when-necessary schedule based on the population dynamics of S. incertulas.     

Population decrease of Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera Pyralidae) under climate warming

Scirpophaga incertulas Walker is an important agricultural pest in Asia. Only few studies are available on its long-term population dynamics under climate warming. In this study, we used the linear and generalized additive models (GAMs) to analyze the historical dataset of >50 years on this pest at Xinfeng County of Jiangxi Province, China. The main objective of this study was to explore the effects of density (delayed) dependence and minimum annual temperature (MAT), which indirectly reflects climate warming, on the population dynamics of this pest. We found that both density dependence and MAT have significant influence on the annual population growth rate. The GAMs had relatively better applicability to the dataset than the linear models. Nonparametric model provided satisfactory goodness-of-fit (R(2) > 0.5). At Xinfeng County, the MAT had a significant effect on the annual population growth rate of S. incertulas. The annual population growth rate of S. incertulas decreased with increase in MAT. Therefore, S. incertulas population becomes smaller and smaller in Southern China due to climate warming. The current study has two contributions: (1) providing a suitable method for predicting the annual population growth rate of S. incertulas, and (2) demonstrating that climate warming could decrease the S. incertulas population.     

转 Bt 基因水稻对三化螟自然种群的影响

为了了解水稻重要害虫三化螟 Scirpophaga incertulas（Walker）对转 Bt 基因水稻产生抗性的潜在风险,本文利用自然种群生命表,研究了第 3 代三化螟在转Bt基因杂交稻汕优 63 及非转 Bt 基因杂交稻汕优 63 上的种群参数。结果表明：在 Bt 稻上1～2 龄幼虫的存活率为 4.03%,极显著低于非转基因 SY63（55.76%）;Bt 稻上幼虫为害率为1.75%,极显著低 于非转基因 SY63（5.98%）;Bt 稻上存活的幼虫发育历期明显长于非转 Bt SY63。     

闽北地区四代三化螟发生动态Fuzzy预测模型研究

根据Fuzzy数学原理和三化螟生物学特性,组建了四代三化螟发生动态综合预测模型经对福建省将乐县16年四代三化螟发生期、发生量回报及1995年的预报,拟合率及正确率均达100％。     

Comparative Analysis of Genetic Diversity Among Indian Populations of Scirpophaga incertulas by ISSR-PCR and RAPD-PCR

Genetic variation between 28 Indian populations of the rice pest, Scirpophaga incertulas was evaluated using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR)-PCR assay. Nine SSR primers gave rise to 79 amplification products of which 67 were polymorphic. A dendrogram constructed from this data indicates that there is no geographical bias to the clustering and that gene flow between populations appears to be relatively unrestricted, substantiating our earlier conclusion based on the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) data. The dendrograms obtained using each of these marker systems were poorly correlated with each other as determined by Mantel's test for matrix correlation. Estimates of expected heterozygosity and marker index for each of these marker systems suggests that both these marker systems are equally efficient in determining polymorphisms. Matrix correlation analyses suggest that reliable estimates of genetic variation among the S. incertulas pest populations can be obtained by using RAPDs alone or in combination with ISSRs, but ISSRs alone cannot be used for this purpose.     

数学分析方法在水稻螟虫测报上的应用研究

本利用福建省将乐县1963-1994年测报积累的观察赍料和气象资料,建立了越冬代二化螟、三化螟蛾高峰逐步回归顶测模型．Fuzzy分析预报模型,四代三化螟发生期发生量璜测模型。     

Selective insecticide-induced stimulation on fecundity and biochemical changes in Tryporyza incertulas (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The use of selective insecticides in rice, Oryza sativa L., fields often causes resurgence of nontarget pest insects. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of two selective insecticides, buprofezin and imidacloprid, on Tryporyza incertulas (Walker), a nontarget pest. After larval feeding on rice plants treated with each insecticide, fecundity, ovary protein content, and titer of juvenile hormone III (JHIII) in the resulting female moths were determined with 'Xiushui 63' rice susceptible to T. incertulas and 'Zhendao 2' moderately resistant to T. incertulas. The fecundity of females developed from larvae that fed on the insecticide-treated Xiushui 63 plants was stimulated compared with that of moths from larvae that fed on rice plants that were not treated with either insecticide. There was no stimulating effect in females from larvae that fed on insecticide-treated Zhendao 2 plants. The weight of fourth instars (final instars) that fed on the insecticide-treated Xiushui 63 rice plants was significantly greater than that of control, increasing by 50.3 and 46.7% for 60 and 112.5 g (AI) ha(-1) buprofezin, and by 23.7 and 19.5% for 15 and 37.5 g (AI) ha(-1) imidacloprid treatments, respectively. Ovary protein content in adult females developed from larvae that fed on the rice treated with the high dose of buprofezin was significantly higher than that in control. For the high and low doses of imidacloprid during the second instar, and the low dose of imidacloprid during the fourth instar, JHIII titers in female adults were also significantly higher than that in control, increasing by 152.81, 90.52, and 114.19%, respectively.     

人工神经网络在三化螟预测中的应用

本应用神经网络对闽北四代三化螟的发生情况进行了预测,三化螟的预报可视作高维空间的非线性分类问题。利用BP网络的反向传播算法．我们对三化螟种群发生趋势进行预测,并获得了满意的结果。