磁化水对水螅出芽生殖及创伤恢复后水螅出芽生殖的影响

通过经 H型磁化杯 (磁场为 4 0 m T的非均匀场 )磁化水培养正常生活的水螅和横切恢复后的水螅出芽生殖的观察 ,探索磁化水对具有两个胚层的低等水生动物细胞增殖的影响。1　材料方法1.1　材料　采用黑龙江省广泛分布的雌雄异体、实验室培养近 2年的强壮水螅 ,(H ydra robusta) ,培养液为储放两周以上的自来水 ;每天定时喂食 1次 ,食物为裸腹氵蚤 (Moina) ,摄氏 2 2～ 2 6℃条件下培养。1.2　方法1)取刚脱离亲体的水螅 2 8个 ,分成实验组 (2 1个水螅 )和对照组 (7个水螅 ) ,分别以单个水螅培养在磁化水和非磁化水培养液中。每天定时检查产…     

罗源湾水螅水母纲一新属二新种

本文标本系于福建省罗源湾水域采集的。发现在水螅水母纲的裸鞘花水母亚纲、丝螅水母目的唇腕水母科中一新属——拟唇腕水母属Pseudorathkea gen. nov.,一新种大胃拟唇腕水母Pseudorathkea macrogastrica nov. sp.;在水螅水母纲的被鞘软水母亚纲、锥螅水母目、真唇水母科的真唇水母属中一新种,多丝真唇水母Eucheilota multicirtis nov. sp.     

水螅的快速繁殖方法

本文介绍了水草附着法,藻苔贴壁法和苔丝附着法。作者利用18—25℃的高水温,充足的水蚤,喂食后及时换水和藻类的光合作用等几个条件,将水螅人工地附着于水草、藻苔和着生绿藻的玻璃绳上,高速、省工、适时地繁殖水螅,十分成功。夏季室温(20—25℃左右)较高,水蚤较易得刭,又是教学使用水螅的旺季.利用水螅的出芽繁殖,几年来为几百所学校提供了数万条活水螅用于教学。冬季保留少数螅种喂水蚯蚓越冬,亚甲基蓝和(口了)啶黄水溶液可防冶水螅的车轮虫病。     

水螅排离胚胎的行为

水螅是二胚层的低等多细胞动物。当水螅生活环图 1　雌雄同体水螅示精巢和卵境条件发生改变时 ,进行有性生殖 ,形成胚胎度过不良环境。作者在实验室温度条件下 ,观察了 5个雌雄同体水螅胚胎被排离亲体的行为。雌雄同体的水螅 ,有性生殖时 ,靠近触手环下方形成精巢 ,卵的形成发生在胃腔部的下端(图 1)。未受精卵白色。卵受精后不久 ,开始胚胎发育 ,镜检可见二分裂球。胚胎发育进行中 ,颜色由白色逐渐变成桔黄色。当发育中的胚胎与水螅体界限明显时 ,水螅开始了排离胚胎的有趣行为。　　直立附着于容器侧壁或底壁的水螅 (图 2 - A) ,身体弯向…     

水螅的培养

水螅在教学中是腔肠动物门的代表动物 ,是良好的实验材料 ,故养好水螅对教学和科研都是重要的。1　培养用水使用储放过的自来水。即将自来水放在大玻璃缸中 ,2～ 6 d(气温高可少些 )的曝露储放 ,去除氯气 ,也称养水。如水螅放入后立即充分伸展 ,即可用来培养水螅。可用处理自来水代替养水。2　食物水螅虽可吃切碎的多种动物的肉块、水蚯蚓、孑孓、刚孵化的小鱼 ,但仍最喜食的也最方便的小甲壳动物——水蚤。3　饲养管理培养水螅的容器可根据培养数量的不同而不同。大量培养可采用大玻璃缸 ,少量培养可采用罐头瓶、大试管、小烧杯等 ,水内可…     

直饮水对水螅生长与再生影响的比较

检测了30种直饮水对水螅生长与再生的影响。每种水使用切割的水螅组织10个和水螅个体30条,本实验共使用水螅1200条。结果表明：1）分别在30种直饮水中浸泡水螅组织96h,有17％的直饮水致其解体;浸泡水螅个体24h及48h,分别有37％和43％的直饮水致其解体。2）在市售的七大类直饮水中,矿泉水的安全性最高,可直接用于水螅的培养、再生等实验。人工配制的矿物质水不宜作为水螅的实验用水。     

五种水螅基因组DNA的RAPD多态性研究

利用RAPD技术对水螅科2属5种水螅进行了基因组DNA多态性研究.80个随机引物筛选出18个引物,共扩增出303个清晰稳定的DNA片段,分子量在0.3～3.0kb之间.以UPGMA聚类法构建树状图,阐明水螅属种的分类关系:大庆水螅Hydra daqingensis、北京水螅H.beijingensis和强壮水螅H.robusta 3种分成两组并聚在一起;不同属的漠河水螅H.mohensis和绿水螅Chlorohydra sp.聚为一支;由此2属5种水螅分为两个支系.     

水螅的摄食与生殖

水螅是一类只有散漫神经 (神经网 ) ,结构简单 ,在淡水中固着生活 ,体呈圆柱形的动物。在水螅的摄食和生殖等方面笔者观察到一些有趣的现象 (见本期封四彩色照片 ) ,现做简要介绍。1　摄食和消化水螅喜食水蚤、剑水蚤和小型的环节动物。水螅捕食没有数量选择。当游动的 1个或几个水蚤撞到水螅任一触手或几条触手时 ,触手上密布的具有捕食和防御功能的 4种刺丝囊同时放射刺丝 ,将其抓住、麻醉、杀死。同时受刺激的散漫神经引起水螅全身的收缩 ,触手和躯体已缩成一团 ,此时 ,如又一被捕获物撞到收缩的触手上 ,剩余的刺丝囊能够继续放射刺丝 ,…     

水螅的畸形触手及其形成原因

正常水螅(Hydra)的触手没有分枝,但在2触手合并过程中有暂时的分枝现象。对于多分枝或呈环形的畸形触手以及引起畸形的原因,目前尚未见报道。笔者于1990年10月观察到1个畸形触手的水螅,为探明其产生原因,进行了一些实验,现将结果报道如下。(一)材料和方法实验用水螅均采自安徽     

中国水螅属一新种(水螅纲,水螅科)

报道采自广东省肇庆市的淡水水螅1新种,多形水螅Hydra polymorphus sp.nov.,研究标本均来自1只水螅的单系繁殖群体,测量数据经生物统计学处理。新种的钩刺丝囊外形及内部刺丝盘旋均有多种形态,故新种名以此命名。所有研究标本保存于深圳大学生命科学学院。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.