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1.
Photomorphogenesis in Pteris vittata II. Recovery from blue-light-induced inhibition of spore germination 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
- 1. In the fern Pteris vittata, low-energy blue-light-inducedinhibition of phytochrome-dependent spore germination and darkrecovery from this inhibition were repeatedly observed severaltimes at intervals of 3 days at 26. The same amount of incidentenergy of blue light was required for inhibition in each successivetreatment.
- 2. The recovery from blue-light-induced inhibitionof germinationwas markedly accelerated by continuous illuminationwith redlight, and this red light effect was not affected bythe presenceof CMU.
- 3. The recovery process was not influencedby a single exposureto redlight, but was definitely promotedby brief red irradiationsgiven intermittently, at least 2 times,at equal intervals duringthe first 8 hr after blue light treatment.The effect of intermittentlygiven red light was annulled wheneach red exposure was followedby brief far-red irradiation.These facts suggest that phytochromemay be involved in therestoration of the ability of sporesto germinate (in responseto red light) which had been lostby blue irradiation.
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对蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata)叶轴中导管分子进行了观察。结果表明,其导管分子十分细长,均具长、且十分倾斜的梯状穿孔板,穿孔没有纹孔膜的残余,与侧壁上的梯纹纹孔有着明显的差异。 相似文献
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Sugai Michizo; Tomizawa Ken-ichi; Watanabe Masakatsu; Furuya Masaki 《Plant & cell physiology》1984,25(2):205-212
An action spectrum between 250 and 800 nm for the inhibitionof red-light-induced germination of spores in the fern Pterisvittata was determined on the Okazaki Large Spectrograph. Theresultant spectrum showed prominent peaks of effectiveness atabout 370, 440 and 730 nm and a minor peak in the neighborhoodof 260 nm. Next, a brief red light irradiation was given immediatelyafter the monochromatic irradiation to cancel the inhibitoryeffect caused by simultaneously formed PR. This resulted ina complete disappearance of the peak at 730 nm and considerabledecrease of other peaks in the shorter wavelength region exceptat 260 nm. Further correction of the latter spectrum by consideringthe transmission spectrum of a spore coat revealed that 260nm light acted more effectively than lights of 370 and 440 nm.The inhibitory effect of UV light on spore germination was nullifiedby subsequent irradiation with red light for 24 h or darknessfor 48 h followed by a brief red irradiation, indicating thatthe inhibitory action of UV light was ascribable to a blue-ultraviolet light-absorbing pigment.
4Present address (KT) and permanent address (MF): Botany Department,Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan. (Received July 30, 1983; Accepted November 21, 1983) 相似文献
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Fluence response curves for red light-induced germination of thermodormant (TD) seeds of Lactuca sativa L. show two regions that differ in their light sensitivity. In the region of high sensitivity, the germination responses differ between seed batches and can be altered by dark storage or far red irradiation. Induction of germination in far red dormant (FRD) seeds requires far higher fluences. Action spectra for induction to 60% germination were determined for these various response types. Spectra for the regions of low sensitivity response are similar for TD and FRD seeds. In comparison, the action spectrum for the highly sensitive response in TD seeds is significantly shifted to longer wavelengths. Analogous differences exist in the action spectra for far red reversal of the red induced germination responses. Germination induction in the low sensitivity region shows repeated red-far red reversibility. Far red reversal of red induction in the high sensitivity region does not saturate even at the highest far red fluences available and requires increased red fluences for subsequent reinduction. A model quantitatively accounting for these observations is presented. It is pointed out that action spectra of processes involving photoreversible pigments with partly overlapping absorption spectra in general are not identical with the absorption spectra of the partners. They should depend upon the degree of phototransformation required to elicit a given physiological response. In the case of induction of lettuce seed germination the observed action spectra can be interpreted as reflecting different requirements for P
fr of the various response types. Our results do not necessitate the assumption of spectroscopically different forms of phytochrome in these seeds.Abbreviations TD
thermodormant
- FRD
far red dormant
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P
phytochrome
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P
r
red absorbing form of P
-
P
fr
far red absorbing form of P 相似文献
6.
The phytochrome-dependent germination of spores was studiedin the fern Pteris vittata. Brief irradiations with red lightgiven at 0 and 25?C resulted in very similar germination rates.Irradiation with far-red light cancelled this promotive effect,irrespective of the temperature at which tested. The maximumrate of germination was induced by red light of ca. 70Jm2and half of the rate was induced by ca. 15Jm2 When sporesimbibed in the dark were kept for 1 h at 0 or 25?C under irradiationswith monochromatic lights from 660 to 730 nm at 10 nm intervals,spore germination was induced depending upon the establishedphotostationary states of phytochrome at both temperatures tested.The percent of PFR estimated in spores that had been irradiatedbriefly with red light was consistent with that resulted fromphotostationary states under different monochromatic lightsin terms of the percent of germination of a spore population.The threshold of the % PFR required for the germination of eachspore ranged widely from a few percent to 80% of the PFR. Thisdiversity may vary the timing of germination in nature.
1 Partial preliminary results of this research were introducedin a review by M.F. (1978).
3 Present address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,Tokyo Metropolitan University, Setagaya, Tokyo 158, Japan. (Received May 15, 1982; Accepted August 5, 1982) 相似文献
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LI Wenxue CHEN Tongbin CHEN Yang & LEI Mei Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sci-ences Beijing China 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2005,(2)
Heavy metal pollution of soils, caused by various anthropogenic sources, is a major environmental problem. Due to its cost-effectiveness and environ-mental friendliness, phytoremediation of arsenic-con- taminated soils has attracted more and more attention. An arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator, Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.) was discovered by Chen et al. in China[1]. The field phytoremediation in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province has been successfully carried out by Chen et al. since 2000[2,3].… 相似文献
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The fern Pteris vittata is an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator and can take up very high concentrations of arsenic from the soil. However, little is known about its response to co-contamination with arsenic and copper (Cu). In this study, we used an in vitro model system of P. vittata gametophytes to investigate the impact of changes in As and Cu status on growth, chlorophyll (chl) concentration, metal accumulation, and subcellular localization. A remarkable inhibition of growth occurred when gametophytes were exposed to concentrations >or=1.0mM Na(3)AsO(4) or >or=0.5mM CuSO(4). chl concentration decreased significantly when gametophytes were exposed to >0.25mM of CuSO(4), but increased steadily with concentration to 相似文献
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《Plant science》1986,43(2):135-140
When spores of the fern Pteris vittata are induced to germinate on water in the light, they develop solely a rhizoid. Upon addition of mineral salt medium and transfer into darkness they develop male gametangia directly at the spore. This precocious antheridiogenesis is inhibited by light. Ohytochrome and a blue-light photoreceptor are both involved in the control. Ions are required for the light-dependent inhibition of antheridia formation. It is concluded that spores are determined generatively while light inhibits the generative tendency and promotes the vegetative development. 相似文献
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The sigmoidal response observed in kinetic studies of germinating bacterial spores, using nephelometric techniques and phase contrast microscope photometry, is analysed by postulating an autocatalytic process. A scheme A to B to C, where B catalyses the degradation of A, is applied to describe the response accurately by three rate constants. The autocatalytic model is compared with previous proposals for quantifying germination studies and for interpreting the effect of different experimental conditions on initiation of germination. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by quantifying published results for a germinating single spore determined by phase contrast microscopy, and nephelometric results for spore suspensions, including the effect of temperature on the rate of initiation of germination. Although developed for quantitative analysis of spore germination, the model is applicable to other autocatalytic phenomena. To assist the experimentalist, a simple accurate method for deriving the three constants specifying the sigmoidal characteristic is described. 相似文献
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蜈蚣草耐铅、铜、锌毒性和修复能力的研究 总被引:27,自引:5,他引:22
重金属复合污染是主要土壤污染类型之一。为了探明蜈蚣草修复土壤重金属复合污染的能力,土培试验研究了分别添加不同浓度铅、铜、锌条件下蜈蚣草生物量变化,结果表明,不同浓度铅和较低浓度锌处理下蜈蚣草生物量呈显著性地增加,土壤Pb、Zn添加浓度分别为1750mg/kg和1350mg/kg,蜈蚣草生物量最大。说明蜈蚣草有极强的耐Pb、Zn毒性能力,能在较高有效态Pb或Zn污染土壤上正常生长。蜈蚣草具有一定的耐Cu毒性能力,在Cu耐性方面,蜈蚣草可能存在生态型的差异。以上结果说明,利用蜈蚣草修复萃取Pb—As,Zn—As,Cu-As等复合污染土壤上As有重要的意义。 相似文献
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Selenium has been proven to be an antioxidant in plants at low dosages. To understand better the mechanisms of Se toxicity and benefit to plants, more investigations about effects of Se on the uptake of essential elements in plants would be desirable. In this study, hydroponic (nutrient solution culture) and pot (soil culture) experiments were simultaneously conducted to investigate the effects of Se on the uptake and distribution of essential elements in Pteris vittata. L (Chinese brake fern), an arsenic (As)-hyperaccumulator and a selenium (Se)-accumulator. Chinese brake fern took up much more Se in nutrient solution culture than in soil culture, with the highest Se content recorded as 1,573 mg kg?1 in the roots, demonstrating remarkable tolerance to Se. In soil culture, Chinese brake fern also accumulated high content of Se, with the highest content measured as 81 mg kg?1 and 233 mg kg?1, in the fronds and roots, respectively. In soil culture, the addition of Se suppressed the uptake of most measured elements, including magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). In nutrient solution culture, when the Se content in the tissues of Chinese brake fern was relatively low, the supplementation of Se suppressed the uptake of most essential elements; however, with the increase of Se content, stimulation effects of Se on the uptake of Ca, Mg, K were observed. An initial decrease followed by a rapid increase of Fe content in the fronds of Chinese brake fern was found with Se addition and tissue Se content increasing in nutrient solution culture, suggesting antagonistic and synergic roles of Se on these elements under low and high Se exposure, respectively. We suggest that Ca, Mg, K may be involved in the tolerance mechanism of Se, and that the regulation of Fe accumulation by Se in the fronds might be partially due to the dual effects of Se on Chinese brake fern. 相似文献
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TOSHIHIRO WATANABE RAN KOUHO TOMO KATAYOSE NOBUYUKI KITAJIMA NAOYA SAKAMOTO NORIKO YAMAGUCHI TAKURO SHINANO HISAYOSHI YURIMOTO MITSURU OSAKI 《Plant, cell & environment》2014,37(1):45-53
Low‐molecular‐weight thiol (LMWT) synthesis has been reported to be directly induced by arsenic (As) in Pteris vittata, an As hyperaccumulator. Sulphur (S) is a critical component of LMWTs. Here, the effect of As treatment on the uptake and distribution of S in P. vittata was investigated. In P. vittata grown under low S conditions, the presence of As in the growth medium enhanced the uptake of SO42?, which was used for LMWT synthesis in fronds. In contrast, As application did not affect SO42? uptake in Nephrolepis exaltata, an As non‐hyperaccumulator. Moreover, the isotope microscope system revealed that S absorbed with As accumulated locally in a vacuole‐like organelle in epidermal cells, whereas S absorbed alone was distributed uniformly. These results suggest that S is involved in As transport and/or accumulation in P. vittata. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis revealed that the major As species in the fronds and roots of P. vittata were inorganic As(III) and As(V), respectively, and that As–LMWT complexes occurred as a minor species. Consequently, in case of As accumulation in P. vittata, S possibly acts as a temporary ligand for As in the form of LMWTs in intercellular and/or intracellular transport (e.g. vacuolar sequestration). 相似文献
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In etiolated seedlings of Raphanus sativus L. the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by continuous light showed a major bimodal peak of action in the red and far-red, and two minor peaks in the blue regions of the spectrum. It is argued that, under conditions of prolonged irradiation, phytochrome is the pigment controlling the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by red and far-red light, but that its mode of action in far-red is different from that in red. A distinct pigment is postulated for blue light.Abbreviations B
blue
- FR
far red
- G
green
- R
red
- HIR
high irradiance reaction
- Pr and Pfr
red and far red absorbing forms of phytochrome
- R
red 相似文献
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Germination of QM B1551 spores can be triggered by L-proline chloromethyl ketone at ~ 10 fold lower concentrations than L-proline. [3H] L-proline chloromethyl ketone bound to several protein fractions, one of which was decreased in a mutant (JV137) that cannot be triggered by L-proline. Treatment of spores with [3H] acetic anhydride specifically inhibited L-proline triggered germination, and also covalently modified the same protein fraction which appears to be bound to the spore membrane. These results indicate that it is possible to identify a protein fraction in spores that may play a key role in triggering spore germination. 相似文献