LLS培养基的研制及其效果考核

本文采用含量在98.8%的食用赖氨酸和十二烷基硫酸钠代替脱氧胆盐,研制了乳糖赖氨酸十二烷基硫酸钠琼脂培养基(LLS),通过对分离出的168株沙门氏菌的生化试验、肠杆菌科分属噬菌体裂解试验和血清学分型,结果证明LLS培养基分离沙门氏菌的检出率较高(达76.2%),成本低廉(每个平板为0.04元)适于推广使用的一种肠道致病菌分离用的培养基。     

用荧光标记O-I噬菌体快速检测食品源沙门氏菌

[目的]利用O-I噬菌体几乎可裂解沙门氏菌属细菌的特性建立快速检测食品中沙门氏菌的方法.[方法]用核酸荧光染料SYBR gold染料标记O-I噬菌体侵染100株试验菌及120份食品样品菌,荧光显微镜鉴定沙门氏菌;并测灵敏度.[结果]100株试验菌中40株沙门氏菌可见杆状荧光,而10株变形杆菌、20株志贺氏菌、20株大肠杆菌和10株葡萄球菌均无荧光;沙门氏菌检测灵敏度达10 CFU/100 μL;120份食品样品中沙门氏菌的O-I噬菌体检测与生化鉴定结果的阳性率分别为9.17%和10%,符合率为91.7%.[结论]试验表明用荧光标记的O-I噬菌体可以快速、直观、准确、大量地检测食品中沙门氏菌.     

应用肠杆菌科诊断噬菌体检测志贺氏菌的评价

应用肠杆菌科诊断噬菌体对2280株疑似志贺氏菌进行了检测,同时进行了常规鉴定。结果表明,志贺氏菌属Sh噬菌体10³RTD对属内裂解率为100%,1RTD为99.9%;65株与志贺氏菌分型血清呈现凝集的非志贺氏菌,10³RTD裂解率为12.3%,1RTD为4.6%。裂解模式的测定表明,2215株志贺氏菌分属于7个裂解模式,仅模式3中3株鲍氏5型为文献[2,3]所未列入,余者完全一致。Sh10³RTD裂解的非志贺氏菌均可用1RTD和裂解模式排除     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌及其噬菌体vB-SpuS-Spp4的分离鉴定

分离鸡白痢沙门氏菌及其噬菌体,对分离到的噬菌体进行生物学特性分析。采用沙门氏菌选择性培养基进行鸡白痢沙门氏菌的分离,并进行特异性PCR鉴定。以鸡白痢沙门氏菌分离株为宿主菌,采用双层平板法进行噬菌体的分离,通过负染法电镜观察噬菌体的形态和大小,并对噬菌体进行裂解谱、最佳MOI、一步生长曲线、对温度、pH、紫外线以及氯仿的稳定性等生物学特性的研究。分离到噬菌体vB-SpuS-Spp4为长尾噬菌体,对29株鸡白痢沙门氏菌的裂解率为100%;最佳感染复数为0.001时噬菌体的效价可达1.47×10~9 PFU/mL。该噬菌体潜伏期为15min,暴发期为45min,暴发量为127;vB-SpuS-Spp4温度耐受性较强,在pH2～13环境中仍有活性。噬菌体vB-SpuS-Spp4对紫外照射不敏感,对氯仿不敏感。噬菌体vB-SpuS-Spp4作为一株烈性噬菌体,对鸡白痢沙门氏菌具有广泛的裂解作用,为临床鸡白痢的噬菌体控制奠定了基础。     

应用肠杆菌科四个属的诊断噬菌体快速诊断沙门氏菌

本文报告应用弗氏柠檬酸细萄噬菌体3组,大肠埃希氏菌噬菌体4组,阴沟肠杆菌噬菌体1组和沙门氏菌O-I噬菌体快速诊断沙门氏菌的结果。沙门氏菌0-I噬菌体可裂解沙门氏菌属地方株1393株中的1351株(97％)。柠檬酸细菌属噬菌体和共可裂解柠橡酸细菌属地方株381株中的362株(95％)。阴沟肠杆菌噬菌体Ent可裂解阴淘肠杆菌地方株l 50株中的133株(84．2％)。埃希氏菌属噬菌体E—1、E一2、E-3和E-4共可裂解埃希氏菌属地方株683株中的567株(83％)。由于E一1和E一2噬菌体的联合使用,可使o I噬菌体对埃希氏菌属地方株的误诊率从6．3％下降到0．6％。E一4噬菌体对沙门氏菌属地方株的误诊率可因与。一I噬菌体的联合使用而从0．36％下降到0．07％。     

一株快速发酵乳糖伤寒杆菌的分离与鉴定

由一发热待查病人血液分离得到一株快速发酵乳糖的肠杆菌,经形态、肠杆菌科噬菌体裂解、血清学和生化系统鉴定,为一株发酵乳糖的伤寒杆菌（Salmonellatyphi）。该菌株豚鼠角膜结膜侵袭力实验阴性,不产生肠毒素,也符合伤寒杆菌的一般生物学特性。     

一株沙门氏菌裂解性噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性

【目的】从贝类样品中分离到一株沙门氏菌裂解性噬菌体SLMP1,对其进行鉴定及生物学特性分析。【方法】采用双层平板法从贝类样品中分离沙门氏菌噬菌体SLMP1,观察噬菌斑特征,分析SLMP1的宿主范围;利用聚乙二醇8000沉淀浓缩SLMP1颗粒,用氯化铯等密度梯度离心纯化;采用透射电子显微镜观察纯化的SLMP1颗粒;采用酚-氯仿法提取SLMP1核酸,通过核酸酶处理分析核酸类型;分析SLMP1的热稳定性、pH稳定性、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线及裂菌效果。【结果】SLMP1噬菌斑直径约2–3 mm,圆形透明、边缘清晰;SLMP1能裂解肠沙门氏菌肠亚种和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌;SLMP1头部呈二十面体,直径约62 nm,含非收缩性尾部,尾长约110 nm,属于长尾病毒科;SLMP1核酸为双链DNA;SLMP1在30–60 °C稳定,在pH 4.0–11.0稳定,最佳感染复数为0.001,感染宿主菌潜伏期为10 min、裂解期为120 min、裂解量为51;SLMP1在液体环境中具有良好的裂菌效果。【结论】SLMP1属dsDNA长尾科裂解性噬菌体,具有沙门氏菌生物抑菌剂的应用潜力。     

株快速发酵乳糖伤寒杆菌的分离与鉴定

由一发热待查病人血液分离得到一株快速发酵乳糖的肠杆菌,经形态、肠杆菌科噬菌体裂解、血清学和生化系统鉴定,为一株发酵乳糖的伤寒杆菌（Salmonellatyphi）。该菌株豚鼠角膜结膜侵袭力实验阴性,不产生肠毒素,也符合伤寒杆菌的一般生物学特性。     

ChromID ESBL选择性显色平板对产ESBLs肠杆菌科细菌筛选效果的评价

目的评价ChromID ESBL选择性显色平板对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)肠杆菌科细菌的筛选效果。方法选取临床分离的371株肠杆菌科细菌进行ESBLs的检测,用ChromID ESBL选择性显色平板做筛选试验,同时用纸片确证法做确证试验,采用Kappa检验对两者结果进行一致性分析。结果两种方法对371株肠杆菌科细菌ESBLs检测的总Kappa值为0.761。ChromID ESBL选择性显色平板法的总灵敏度为95.2%,总特异度为83.5%。对大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、奇异变形杆菌分别统计,其Kappa值分别为0.832、0.514、0.778;ChromID ESBL选择性显色平板法对其检测灵敏度分别为95.7%、91.3%、100.0%,特异度分别87.6%、72.9%、90.9%。另外有6株大肠埃希菌在该显色平板上显非特征色。结论 ChromID ESBL选择性显色平板对产ESBLs肠杆菌科细菌的筛选效果与纸片确证法总体的一致性较好,其灵敏度和特异度较高,可应用于临床。但该显色平板对产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌的筛选效果与纸片确证法一致性一般,其特异度也较低;对大肠埃希菌存在一定的假阴性,对于该显色平板上生长的绿色和白色菌落需要作进一步鉴定确认。     

沙门氏菌的营养缺陷型菌株——琼雷株的鉴定

从海南岛和霄州半岛的自毙鼠体内分离到两株沙门氏菌,经鉴定为无动力的营养缺陷型,定名为琼雷株。该菌株在普通肉膏汤琼脂上生长不良,在Davis’基本培养基上不生长,不能利甩无机铵作为氮源。经试验,为谷氨酸营养缺陷型,仅能在加有0．5 mg／ml谷氨酸的基本培养基内生长,在加入其他氨基酸和B族维生素的基本培养基内则不能生长。但可在加入组氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氢酸和脯氨酸4种混合氨基酸的基本培养基内生长。维生素B·有促进生长的作用。两菌株的生化特性相同,符合肠杆菌科和沙门氏菌属的定义,能被沙门氏菌O一‘噬菌体裂解,血清学试验证明为ct群沙门氏菌,抗原式为615 625 7：一：一。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.