国产多轮贝母订正

作者通过新疆贝母属植物种质资源调查,引种驯化对比观察和译照原始文献反复核对查出:国产多轮贝母(黄花贝母)与原始文献描述的F. verticillata Willd.形态差异甚大;经过在该种产地之一的塔尔巴哈台上多年寻找,1987年终于采集到与原文献形态描述相符的多轮贝母原种,从而鉴别出误定的国产“多轮贝母”(黄花贝母)是一     

药用贝母新资源

1.宁国贝母 新种 图1,1—4 Fritillaria ningguoensis S.C.Chen et S.F.Yin,sp.nov. Proxima F.monanthac Migo,quae planta multo altiore,foliis pro 2/3longitudinem caulis sparsim dispositis,lobis stigmatis 3.5—5mm longis differt. Planta pumilior,16—27cm longa,bulbis interdum binis,ovoideo-globosis,ca 1.5—2cm in diam.,squamis paucis(2—3),albidis,carnosis.Caulis gla-ber,plerumque 8-foliatus.Folia supra medium caulis densiuscule disposita,vulgo opposita,erecto-patentia,oblonga vel suboblonga,5.5—9.5cm longa,     

新疆贝母属的核型研究

作者研究了产于我国新疆的6种贝母以及引种的浙贝母的核型。其中5种为首次报道。     

甘肃贝母属新植物

贝母属(Fritillaria)大多数种类的鳞茎在我国供药用,即中药“贝母”,有清热润肺,化痰止咳之功效。据记载该属国产种类约有28种和一些变种,资源比较丰富。但由于需要量大,挖掘过量,近年供不应求,新资源亟待调查与开发。本文将报道甘肃贝母资源调查的部分结果:2个新种、1个新变种和1个新栽培变种。兹描述如下:     

黄山贝母和天目贝母的核型研究

本文首次报道了产于江西的黄山贝母(F.huangshanensis Y. K. Yanget C. J. Wu)和浙江的天目贝母(F. monantha Migo)的核型:前者为2n=24=2m 2sm 6st(4sc) 14t;后者为2n=24=2m 2sm 6st(4sc) 14t(2sc)。此外,与国内报道的其它贝母属植物的核型进行了比较和讨论。     

中药贝母类的资源利用研究

贝母为传统中药,中国药典（1990）收载了川贝母（Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don.)、暗紫贝母（F. unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia)、甘肃贝母（F.przeuxalskii Maxim ex Batak.）、梭砂贝母（F.delapayiFranch.）、浙贝母（F.thambergii Miq.）和平贝母（F.ussuriensis Maxim）.等8种。最近对四川、甘肃、新疆、湖北、浙江和江苏等省区的药源调查结果表明,各地药用的贝母有25个种和变种,其中最常用的有暗紫贝母、甘肃贝母、梭砂贝母、伊贝母、新疆贝母、托理贝母、平贝母和湖北贝母。20余种贝母所含生物碱的TLC和HPLC分析结果表明各种贝母所含生物碱有一定区别,并与产地有关,产于湖北、浙江和江苏省的种类都含有去氢贝母碱,大多含贝母碱和异贝母碱;产于四川、甘肃和新疆的种类都含有西贝素和去氢梭砂贝母碱,大多含茄次碱,产于四川的种类都含去氢川贝碱,产于新疆的种类都含梭砂贝母碱。本研究为建立贝母的品质评价方法和开发药用资源提供了科学依据。     

《生物资源学》教材与课程建设初探

生物资源与水资源、土地资源、矿产资源、能源资源和气候资源等都是人类赖以生存与发展的最为重要的物质基础,其中生物资源主要包括生物遗传资源、生物质资源和生物信息资源三大类型。生物资源学是现代生命科学、资源科学和工程科学等相关领域交叉和衍生出的新兴学科,已在国内外部分高校作为新专业进行开设。《生物资源学导论》是在高等教育出版社和中国生物工程学会生物资源专委会的倡议与指导下完成的国内首部生物资源系列教材,在出版后的两年多时间内,已在国内部分高等院校的课程建设中得到使用。本文简要地综述了《生物资源学导论》教材的二次开发与利用和新形态教材的建设与应用,以及《生物资源学》课程建设的基本情况,以期为我国生物资源学学科教育事业的发展尽绵薄之力。     

Reorganization of mycelial networks of Phanerochaete velutina in response to new woody resources and collembola (Folsomia candida) grazing

Mycelial development of Phanerochaete velutina extending from wood inocula in 57 × 57 cm trays of non-sterile soil was characterized after adding: (1) collembola; (2) new wood resources; (3) both new wood resources and collembola; and (4) no new resources and no collembola. After 99 d, all systems had produced distinct mycelial cords, much of the diffuse mycelium and thinner cords that were produced early on having regressed. Systems to which new resources (but no collembola) had been added developed thick cords interconnecting inocula with new resources, and much of the non-connected mycelium regressed. Nonetheless, these systems had significantly greater hyphal coverage and mass fractal dimension than the other treatments, resulting from outgrowth from the new resources. Unexpectedly, morphology of grazed systems with no added resources was very similar to that of ungrazed systems with no added resources, apparently because the collembola grazed on senescing hyphae that would ultimately have regressed. Where new resources and collembola were added, there was proliferation of fine mycelium along connective cords and elsewhere, but this was not as extensive as in the new resource/no collembola systems, the fine mycelium apparently being grazed in patches. Fungus gnat (family Sciaridae) larvae contaminated eight (out of 14) trays with no added collembola, but none of the systems to which collembola had been added. They burrowed around the wood and caused cords to be severed.     

园艺植物分子育种相关生物信息资源及其应用

园艺植物分子育种中,生物信息技术是一项新技术.GenBank、EMBL、DDBJ、Swiss-Prot等数据库及其序列查询系统、序列比对软件和序列提交软件是园艺植物分子育种中的重要生物信息资源.本文综述了这些生物信息资源,以及它们在克隆新基因、预测新序列功能、鉴定种质资源和进行系谱分析等方面的应用.     

园艺植物分子育种相关生物信息资源及其应用

园艺植物分子育种中, 生物信息技术是一项新技术。GenBank、EMBL、DDBJ、Swiss-Prot等数据库及其序列查询系统、序列比对软件和序列提交软件是园艺植物分子育种中的重要生物信息资源。本文综述了这些生物信息资源, 以及它们在克隆新基因、预测新序列功能、鉴定种质资源和进行系谱分析等方面的应用。     

百合属植物资源的保护与利用

中国百合属（ＬｉｌｉｕｍＬ．）植物资源丰富,特有种多,分布范围广,利用历史悠久,是世界百合杂交育种的不可多得的原始材料,已培育许多著名的新品种。为了发挥我国百合资源优势,必须对百合种质资源进行监控,及早解决珍稀濒危种的就地保护问题,恢复和扩大种群分布范围,制定符合我国经济和文化发展要求的杂交育种计划,选育抗热、抗病、矮化的品系,加强种球营养生长、开花生理及休眠机理研究,解决种球复壮及周年供花的关键技术,充分发挥鳞茎的综合利用效益,以达到积极保护和科学利用我国百合资源的目的。     

近四十年来植物资源利用研究进展

本文简要综述近40年来国外对植物资源利用的研究。内容涉及栽培植物的起源和进化、新作物的探索、民族植物学、综合利用方向、多样化原则、植物资源的利用兴衰史及植物园的新任务等。     

Status of insects as a biological resource in Korea

In the last decade there has been a growing awareness of biological resources worldwide. The Korean Government initiated a plan to elevate insect resources as a new industry in 2010. The current situations on the use of biological resources and of insect‐related industries in Korea are presented.     

The versatile worm: genetic and genomic resources for Caenorhabditis elegans research

Since its establishment as a model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans has been an invaluable tool for biological research. An immense spectrum of questions can be addressed using this small nematode, making it one of the most versatile and exciting model organisms. Although the many tools and resources developed by the C. elegans community greatly facilitate new discoveries, they can also overwhelm newcomers to the field. This Review aims to familiarize new worm researchers with the main resources, and help them to select the tools that are best suited for their needs. We also hope that it will be helpful in identifying new research opportunities and will promote the development of additional resources.     

生物制氢——能源、资源、环境与经济可持续发展策略

人类面临能源危机、资源短缺、环境污染的严峻挑战,开发新的能源,合理利用资源并保护生态环境势在必行。氢能具有清洁、高效、可再生的特点,是未来重要的新能源物质。生物制氢技术利用可再生资源,特别是可利用工农业有机废弃物产氢,效率高,能耗低,污染少,成本低,具有巨大的发展潜力。本文简要阐述生物制氢技术及其发展状况,提出我国发展生物制氢技术,实现能源、资源、环境与经济可持续发展的政策建议。