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1.
Kunihiko Kimura Yutaka Takahashi Sotaro Iwamoto Masayoshi Konishi 《Primates; journal of primatology》1992,33(3):359-370
The diaphragm was studied in 30 adult crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The muscular bundle of the lumber part was derived from the tendinous origin, which attached to the anterior surface of
the lumbar vertebra and intervertebral disc. The upper margin of the origin was at the one third of the second lumbar vertebra
in both sides. The lower margin of the right and left tendons extend to lower one third and upper one third of the third lumbar
vertebra, respectively. In 22 cases (73.3%) out of 30 specimens, some muscular bundles arose from the right crus with the
collagenous sheath. They ran across the ventral aspect of the aortic hiatus and bounded the esophageal hiatus at the left
side. The muscular fibers, which bound the esophageal hiatus at the right and left, are innervated by ipsilateral phrenic
nerve. In four cases, the “Hilfsmuskel” after Treitz was observed. It arose from the connective tissue around the coeliac
artery. 相似文献
2.
Shoichi Nakakuki 《Primates; journal of primatology》1993,34(1):113-118
Lungs of two chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were examined. The right pulmonary artery runs across the ventral side of the right upper lobe bronchiole and, then across
the dorsal side of the right middle lobe bronchiole. Thereafter, it runs between the dorsal bronchiole system and the lateral
bronchiole system, along the right bronchus. During its course, it gives off arterial branches which run along each bronchiole.
The left pulmonary artery runs across the dorsal side of the left middle lobe bronchiole and then between the dorsal bronchiole
system and the lateral bronchiole system. The branches of the pulmonary artery run mainly along the dorsal or lateral side
of the bronchiole. The pulmonary veins run mainly along the ventral or medial side of the bronchioles, and between them. Finally,
they enter the left atrium with four large veins, i.e. the common trunk of the right upper lobe vein and the right middle
lobe vein, right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk, left middle lobe vein, and left lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk. 相似文献
3.
The distribution of the pulmonary artery and vein of the orangutan lung was examined. The right pulmonary artery runs obliquely
across the ventral side of the right bronchus at the caudally to the right upper lobe bronchiole. It then runs across the
dorsal side of the right middle lobe bronchiole. Thereafter it runs obliquely across the dorsal side of the right bronchus,
and then along the dorso-medial side of the right bronchus. This course is different from that in other mammals. During its
course, it gives off branches which run mainly along the dorsal or lateral side of each bronchiole. The left pulmonary artery
runs across the dorsal side of the left middle lobe bronchiole, then along the dorso-lateral side of the left bronchus, giving
off branches which run along each bronchiole. The pulmonary veins run mainly the ventral or medial side of, along or between
the bronchioles. In the left lung, the left middle lobe vein has two trunks; one enters the left atrium, and the other enters
the left lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk. This is also different from that found in most mammals. Finally, the pulmonary
veins enter the left atrium with four large veins. 相似文献
4.
Kunihiko Kimura Yutaka Takahashi Masayoshi Konishi Sotaro Iwamoto 《Primates; journal of primatology》1988,29(4):511-523
On the basis of 60 hindlimbs of 30 crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) of each sex, the morphology of the crural extensor and the peroneal group of leg muscles is described and some functional
indices are calculated. For the attachments and measurements of the muscles, the results obtained in this study generally
agreed with those of otherMacaca species. The crural extensor has minor differences. Some anomalous modes of insertion are observed in the peroneal group.
These results indicate the phyletically labile state of the peronei in the crab-eating monkey. 相似文献
5.
The lungs of four white handed gibbons (Hylobates agilis) were examined. The right pulmonary artery runs across the ventral side of the right upper lobe bronchiole, and then traverses
the dorsal side of the right middle lobe bronchiole. Thereafter, it runs along the dorso-lateral side of the right bronchus,
between the dorsal bronchiole system and the lateral bronchiole system, and gradually follows the dorsal side of the right
bronchus. During its course, it gives off arterial branches which run along each bronchiole. The left pulmonary artery runs
across the dorsal side of the left middle lobe bronchiole and then along the left bronchus as in the right lung. The branches
of the pulmonary artery run mainly along the dorsal or lateral side of the bronchiole, while the pulmonary veins run mainly
the medial side of the bronchioles or between them. However, in a few portions, the pulmonary veins run the lateral side of
the bronchioles. Finally, they enter the left atrium with four large veins i.e. the common trunk of the right upper lobe vein
and right middle lobe vein, right lower lobe pulmonary venous trunk, left middle lobe vein, and left lower lobe pulmonary
venous trunk. 相似文献
6.
Kenji Ida Yoichi Noda Juri Yano Aisaku Fukuda Hisashi Matsumoto Takahide Mori 《Primates; journal of primatology》1988,29(1):107-116
A total of 301 oocytes were recovered from crab-eating monkeys and subjected to insemination in vitro resulting in two fertilized
ova. Sixteen monkeys in 24 cycles received 37.5 IU of hMG daily from the second day of the menstrual cycle for 7 to 10 days.
Oocytes were recovered under laparotomy at 20 to 49 hr after administration of 1,000–1,500 IU of hCG. The maturation rate
of the recovered oocytes was 24.2% as judged from morphological criteria under the light microscope. With additional maturation
culture, the rate increased to 36.2%. The matured oocytes were inseminated at 3 to 4 hr after aspiration using homologous
spermatozoa which had been capacitated in vitro. Two oocytes were judged as being fertilized based on the presence of 3 and
5 pronuclei, respectively, when examined 12 hr after the insemination. This is the first report of in vitro fertilized ova
in nonhuman primates in Japan. 相似文献
7.
Janette Wallis Barbara J. King Christian Roth-Meyer 《Primates; journal of primatology》1986,27(1):83-94
Twelve adult female crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were placed in six pairs of adjacent cages, allowing physical contact between members of these experimental pairs. Twelve
additional females remained singly caged (no physical contact allowed) and served as six control “pairs.” In both experimental
and control pairs, one member had a history of regular menstrual cycles, whereas the other tended to have cycles that were
unusually long and/or irregular. Over a six-month period, menses and amount of vaginal secretion were recorded daily for all
subjects, and the behavior of experimental pairs was sampled three times per week. During the course of the study, the irregular
experimental subjects began to exhibit menstrual cycles of near normal length although there was no apparent trend to synchronize
cycles. Irregular controls continued to show cycles that were abnormally long. Vaginal secretions tended to increase in all
regularly cycling animals during days 9–15 (peak day 11) or reverse days 21–16 of the cycle, consistent with the estimated
time of ovulation. Analysis of behavior indicated that irregularly cycling subjects inspected the genitalia of their regularly
cycling cagemates at a significantly higher frequency than the converse (F=12.61,p<.005), particularly during the follicular phase (F=3.39,p<.07). These results suggest that close physical contact may serve to transmit chemical and/or hormonal cues that can normalize
the menstrual cycle of crab-eating monkeys. 相似文献
8.
Keiichi Tsuji Shinichiro Nakamura Tomohiro Aoki Kazuhiko Nozaki 《Experimental Animals》2022,71(3):391
Cerebral artery structure has not been extensively studied in primates. The aim of this study was to examine the cerebrovascular anatomy of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), which are one of the most commonly used primates in medical research on human diseases, such as cerebral infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this study, we investigated the anatomy and diameter of cerebral arteries from 48 cynomolgus monkey brain specimens. We found three anatomical differences in the vascular structure of this species compared to that in humans. First, the distal anterior cerebral artery is single. Second, the pattern in which both the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery branch from the basilar artery is the most common. Third, the basilar artery has the largest diameter among the major arteries. We expect that this anatomical information will aid in furthering research on cerebrovascular disease using cynomolgus monkeys. 相似文献
9.
Methods of artificial insemination (AI) for indoor breeding in the Japanese monkey and the Cynomolgus monkey were investigated.
For the Japanese monkey AI was carried out in six females during the winter mating season and in six females during the summer
non-mating season. During the mating season, semen was inseminated near ovulation time in natural menstrual cycles. In the
mating season study, three females inseminated at the uterine cavity became pregnant. Three inseminated at the cervical canal
failed to become pregnant. For the non-mating season study, ovulation was induced artificially by PMSG and hCG and AI was
carried out near the induced ovulation time. In the non-mating season, no animals became pregnant. Of four Cynomolgus monkeys
used, pregnancy occurred in two animals inseminated near ovulation time in natural menstrual cycles. AI occurred at the uterine
cavity in one and cervical canal in the other. In both species ovulation was verified by laparoscopy. Semen was collected
by penile electro-stimulation then diluted to 2.5 to 5.0×107/ml with Whitten's medium. Diluted semen of 0.2l was inseminated at the uterine cavity or cervical canal. Our results indicate
the usefulness of vaginal AI as a method of artificial indoor breeding. 相似文献
10.
11.
Makoto Moro Ryuzo Torii Hajime Ishii Yoshikuni Tanioka Yoichi Inada Masami Kojima Hirotada Tsujii 《Primates; journal of primatology》2001,42(4):375-390
We investigated the relationship between the menstrual cycle and hormone levels in cynomolgus monkeys, and developed a sulpiride-induced
hyperprolactinemic anovulation model. On this study, we demonstrated the usefulness of the commercial human prolactin immunoradiometric
assay kit for the measurement of cynomolgus monkey serum samples. In the normal menstrual cycle of the cynomolgus monkey,
serum prolactin concentrations were not significantly different between luteal and follicular phases. However, the serum prolactin
concentration tended to elevate at the ovulation stage. And serum progesterone began to increase after an estradiol surge,
and then declined before the ensuing preovulatory rise in estradiol. During the luteal phase, the serum concentration of progesterone
was elevated. Moreover, we aimed to develop an anovulation model, using sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia in the cynomolgus
monkey. The serum prolactin level gradually increased during the twice-daily administration of sulpiride, and the drug produced
as big a response at 5 mg/kg. In this study, the length of the menstrual cycle was approximately 29 days in normal cynomolgus
monkeys. When treatment with sulpiride had been continued for more than one month, serum progesterone and estradiol levels
fell to within the range seen in the follicular phase of the normal cycle, and the absence of ovulation was recognized by
laparoscopy. Moreover, in this period we found that amenorrhea or anovulatory menstruation in the experimental animals. We
could produce an anovulatory model induced by sulpiride repeatedly administered over a long time period. Our findings suggest
that the cynomolgus monkey is useful as a endocrinological model that uses prolactin as a parameter and as an anovulatory
model; thus, it could be a useful model for the hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea and/or anovulation seen in humans. 相似文献
12.
C. Gago F. Prez‐Snchez C.H. Yeung L. Tablado T.G. Cooper C. Soler 《American journal of primatology》1999,47(2):105-115
The aim of this study was to give reference values for the frequency of morphological sperm abnormalities present in the semen from nonexperimental cynomolgus monkeys as well as for the dimensions of sperm heads. Spermatozoa from the liquid portion of electroejaculates from 14 cynomolgus monkeys were air‐dried as smears, fixed, and stained with Harris's Haematoxylin and subjected to visual analysis of morphology and computer‐aided analysis of ten morphometric variables. The majority (83%) of sperm were morphologically normal. Tail defects were the most common (11%), and showed the highest variation between individuals, the values ranging between 4 and 23%. Head abnormalities consisted of large, tapering, and amorphous forms but were not frequent (0.4%), the values ranging between 0 and 1.3%. Midpiece imperfections were found in all the individuals; the mean percentage was 5%, and the range varied between 3 and 9%. Tail plus midpiece was the only multiple abnormality observed, with a mean value of 1.5% and a range between 0 and 8%. The majority of these double defects consisted of a coiled tail together with a coiled midpiece. Mean values for the morphometric parameters characterizing sperm heads were as follows: area 17.2 μm2, perimeter 15.2 μm, length 5.8 μm, width 4.0 μm, L/W ratio 1.5, gray‐level 98, ellipticity 0.2, first shape factor 0.9, second shape factor 1.4, and third shape factor 1.1. Overall coefficients of variation for the majority of parameters were below 7%, showing the great homogeneity in the dimensions of cynomolgus sperm heads. Most useful parameters for sperm characterization, according to their low variability, were perimeter, length, width, L/W ratio, and shape factors. Differences in these parameters were, however, observed between monkeys. Am. J. Primatol. 47:105–115, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
13.
Roger G. Ulrich Danielle G. Aspar Clay T. Cramer Rolf F. Kletzien Leonard C. Ginsberg 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1990,26(8):815-823
Summary Isolation and culture techniques for hepatocytes from whole livers of the cynomolgus monkey,Macaca fascicularis, are described. Hepatocytes were isolated by two-step perfusion of livers, using collagenase with hyaluronidase; fructose
and trypsin inhibitor were included to reduce cell loss. Yields from a single liver average 4×109 cells with viabilities of 90.8±5.7%. Cells, plated on collagen substrates, were assessed for changes in morphology and various
marker enzyme activities over a period of 7 d in culture. Cells exhibited a morphology similar to that observed for this species
in vivo; little change in attached and spread cells was observed over the length of time monitored. Enzyme activities for
catalase, succinate dehydrogenase, and tyrosine aminotransferase were observed to decrease significantly (though considerable
activity remained), whereas acid phosphatase and 5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase remained unchange. Activity of cytochrome
P-450 reductase was observed to increase slightly for the first 2 d, then decrease to about 60% of initial levels. Activity
of α-mannosidase was stable for 4 d but was observed to be increased at Day 7. Cells were observed to retain metabolic responsiveness
demonstrated by glucose production by both gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in response to glucagon stimulation. The monkey
hepatocytes obtained by methods described here thus retain hepatocellular morphology and activity through at least 1 wk in
culture without medium or culture modification. 相似文献
14.
Summary We found two types of hemoglobin, T and R, from the crab-eating macaque and compared those to A and Q previously reported. The 22 animals studied showed six different phenotypes, A, R, QA, QT, QAT, and QAR. Analysis of the complete amino acid sequences for the chains of hemoglobins Q, A, T, and R revealed that amino acids at four positions, 8, 55, 71, and 78 from the N-terminal, are variable. In the A chain, Thr, Val, Gly, and Gln occupy these positions, and in the Q chain the analogous amino acids are Thr, Val, Asp, and Gln, respectively. In the newly found T chain they are Thr, Val, Gly, and His; and in the R chain, they are Ser, Ile, Gly, and His, respectively. Two amino acids (8 Thr and 79 Gln) in A of the crab-eating macaque were found to be different from those in the chain of the Japanese macaque. 相似文献
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17.
Twenty-one isoimmune sera produced in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) containing type-specific antibodies for simian-type red cell antigens were tested for their cross-reactivity with red cells from crab-eating macaques (M. fascicularis). The majority of the antisera gave cross-reactions determining polymorphisms in the red cells of crab-eating macaques, homologous to those of rhesus monkeys. These results attest to the close taxonomic realationship between the two species of macaques, and have the practical implication that isoimmune sera produced for blood typing can also be used for typing red cells from related species, as has been also observed in studies on apes. 相似文献
18.
Alpha-globin genes in crab-eating macaques were found to be triplicated at high frequencies according to restriction-enzyme comparisons. The frequencies of triplicated alpha-globin genes in macaques originally from Malaysia and Indonesia were 0.432 and 0.275, respectively, while no triplication was found in individuals from either the Philippines or northern and central Thailand. Quadruplicated alpha-globin genes were also observed, at frequencies of 0.045 (Malaysia), 0.075 (Indonesia), and 0.021 (the Philippines). A single locus was detected in only one of 40 chromosomes from Indonesia (frequency 0.025). 相似文献
19.
Barbier O Bélanger A 《The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology》2003,85(2-5):235-245
Intense research efforts performed during the past decade clearly established the major role of glucuronidation and uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes for steroid metabolism in humans. However, a clear understanding of the physiological importance of this metabolic process requires in vivo studies. Numerous evidences ascertain that simians are the most appropriate animal models for such studies. Indeed human and monkey have a similar pattern of steroidogenesis, unlike common laboratory mammals such as rat or mouse. Furthermore, human and monkey are unique in having high levels of circulating androsterone glucuronide and androstane-3-diol glucuronide (3-Diol-G). In addition, characterization of eight monkey UGT proteins demonstrated the similarity of their conjugation activity toward steroid hormones. Like human ones, monkey enzymes are expressed in steroid target tissues, where they preferentially glucuronidate androgen and estrogen metabolites. In monkey tissues, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that UGT2B proteins are expressed in a cell-type specific manner in ovary and kidney, where they control androgens and aldosterone inactivation. These results identify the cynomolgus monkey as an appropriate animal model for the determination of cellular localization of UGT enzymes in steroid target tissues and for the identification of endogenous or exogenous stimuli affecting steroid glucuronidation. 相似文献
20.
Characteristic changes in the menstrual cycle of the crab-eating macaque were evaluated. Cyclical changes in type and abundance of exfoliated cells in vaginal smears as well as the ferning pattern of cervical mucus were observed. These indices were useful in predicting approximate ovulation time. The cyclical changes in sexual skin swelling and/or coloration were detected only in adolescent females. Micro-sections from ovaries of autopsied animals revealed large Graafian follicle formations often rupturing by day fourteen of the cycle. Length of the menstrual cycle ranged from 26–38 days with a modal value of 28 days.This research has been supported by Ford Foundation Grant No. 710-0287. 相似文献