Alpha珠蛋白基因片段表达载体的构建

目的：构建alpha珠蛋白基因片段反义表达载体,抑制重型beta地贫患者alpha珠蛋白基因的过量表达,为重型beta地贫基因治疗打下基础。方法：采用PCR扩增alpha珠蛋白基因片段807bp,反应条件94℃ 30s,68℃ 1min,72℃ 2min,35个循环,然后将所扩增片段用Klenow大片段酶补平PCR产物末端,另外用HindⅢ酶切pLNSX,用Klenow补平后,与补平末段的PCR产物平端连接,转化用CaCl2制备的感受态细胞受体DH5α,用碱法提取所得克隆子质粒,电泳比较质粒大小,再用PCR初筛,最后用双酶切进行鉴定。结果：经过质粒大小比较,PCR初筛,双酶切鉴定,得到6个正向插入重组子。     

聚合酶链反应鉴定马肉方法的建立及应用

依据马卫星DNA序列设计了1对引物,建立了PCR鉴定生、熟马肉的方法。引物Ⅰ 5′-GTTGTGCCTTTCAGCTCTAGG-3′,合成浓度2.64μg/μl;引物Ⅱ 5′-ACAGCATCTTG-CATCCAGC-3′,合成浓度2.97μg/μl,设计扩增长度为186bp。PCR扩增体系为50μl,循环参数为94℃ 40s、49.5℃ 50s、72℃ 60s,35个循环后72℃保温延伸7min,产物经3％琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定。应用本方法可以从生鲜马肉、煮熟马肉、高压马肉的全基因组DNA中扩增出186 bp的目的DNA条带,而对牛、羊、猪、驼、鹿等15种动物的DNA扩增则呈阴性反应。其     

改良法克隆淋球菌特征核酸片段

目的：采用改良法克隆淋球菌特征核酸片段300bp到pBS.sk中,作为淋球菌检测试剂盒的阳性标本来源。方法：采用PCR扩增淋球菌特征核酸片段300bp,扩增条件：94℃30s,55℃1min,72℃1min,35个循环,另外用SmalI酶切,pBS,sk,与PCR产物采用改良法平端连接：连接温度14℃,72h,连接反应体积15μl,加10u SamlⅠ防止pBS.sk自连,连接完成后取5μl连接液转化200μlCaCl2制备的感受态受体菌JM109,用碱法提取重组子质粒,电泳比较质粒大小,PCR初筛,最后双酶切鉴定。结果：经过电泳比较质粒大小,PCR初筛,最后双酶切鉴定。结果：经过电泳比较质粒大小,PCR初筛,最后双酶切鉴定,得到5个克隆重组子。     

特异性单引物PCR

建立特异性单引物PCR,并用于筛选基因克隆重组子。根据α－globin的一段序列设计引物,按照设计好的特性单引物PCR扩增条有α－globin的重组质粒PLNSX－aglobin,具体扩增条件如下：（1）97℃5min变性后,94℃30s,70℃2min30s,30个循环,制备单链模板;（2）94℃1min,12℃5min,16℃3min,18℃3min,20℃3min,22℃3min,25℃1min,30℃3min,37℃3min,72℃6min,低温条件下引物3′端4－5个碱基与所扩单链模板退火配对,扩增得到一系列不同起始位点但同一序列末端长短一的核酸片段;（3）以上述所得片段为模版进行如下条件的扩增：94℃30min,70℃2min,70℃2min,72℃2min,每个循环增加1s）,45个循环。结果,特异性单引物PCR能够从pLNSX－αglobin上扩增出特异带,可有效用于筛选基因克隆重组子。     

草鱼TRAP-PCR反应体系的建立

目的:通过优化草鱼TRAP-PCR反应体系,将新型分子标记-靶位区域扩增多态性(target region amplified polymorphism,TRAP)引用到草鱼遗传多样性研究中。方法:以草鱼DNA为材料,分析了模板DNA、Mg2 、dNTPs、引物浓度,以及循环参数、退火温度对TRAP-PCR扩增结果的影响。结果:确立了稳定性强、重复性好的草鱼TRAP-PCR最佳反应体系和扩增参数:在25μl的PCR反应体系中,含约50ng模板DNA,1UTaq酶,1×PCR缓冲液,2.0mmol/L MgCl2,4种dNTPs各0.2mmol/L,固定引物与随机引物各15pmol;首先使模板在94℃变性3min;然后94℃变性1min,38℃退火1min,72℃延伸lmin进行5个循环;接着94℃变性45s,55℃退火45s,72℃延伸lmin再进行35个循环,最后72℃延伸7min。结论:TRAP-PCR反应体系稳定可靠,该新型分子标记可应用于草鱼遗传多样性研究中。     

鲤TRAP分子标记反应体系的建立与优化

针对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)这一主要水产养殖品种设计了靶位区域扩增多态性(target region amplified polymorphism,TRAP)分子标记的反应体系,对影响TRAP反应体系的各参数,包括Mg2+、dNTPs、TaqDNA聚合酶、模板DNA和引物浓度进行了优化,建立了适合鲤的、稳定、可重复的TRAP-PCR反应体系。在15μlPCR反应体系中,Mg2+浓度为1.5mmol/L、dNTPs浓度为0.35mmol/L、两个随机引物浓度均为3pmol/L、固定引物浓度为10pmol/L、含DNA模板60ng、TaqDNA聚合酶1.0U。鲤的TRAP反应程序为:94℃4min,1个循环;94℃45s,35℃45s,72℃1min,5个循环;94℃45s,53℃45s,72℃1min,35个循环;72℃10min,1个循环。这一优化体系的建立为今后进行鲤群体遗传多样性、种质鉴定、遗传连锁图谱及亲缘关系分析等方面的研究提供了新的分子标记。     

降落PCR法快速检测高羊茅转基因植株

通过CTAB微量提取高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)转基因再生植株基因组DNA。用9600型PCR仪器设计降落PCR反应程序,对高羊茅转基因植株两个片段OSISAP1(495bp)和GFP-nos(1 000bp)进行扩增;同时进行了PCR扩增的初步检测。结果表明降落PCR法能快速准确检测转基因植株;而且更适合多个基因片段同时检测,从而提高PCR分子检测的效率,以提高转基因植株鉴定效率。     

花椰菜温敏型雄性不育系的RAPD标记

选取温敏花椰菜不育系GS-19与GS-31杂交组合的F2高可育和高不育单株构建基因池,利用100对随机引物对其进行RAPD标记。同时,采用正交设计对其反应体系及扩增条件进行优化。试验结果表明,在25μL反应体系中含dNTPs0.625mmol/L,引物0.5μmol/L,DNA模板60ng,Taq酶1.5U,超纯水14.9μL;反应条件为94℃预变性4min,然后进行94℃变性30s,36℃退火45s,72℃延伸90s,35个循环后,再72℃延伸7min,花椰菜RAPD扩增效果较好。P21-1800为花椰菜温敏雄性不育基因的连锁标记。     

药用植物草珊瑚RAPD扩增条件优化

采用CTAB-DNA提取方法,从草珊瑚植物的嫩叶中提取总DNA。以此DNA为模板,优化了草珊瑚RAPD-PCR的反应条件。结果表明,PCR扩增体系最适宜的条件为:反应体积25μL,内含2.5mmol/L Mg2+、1.0UDNA聚合酶、0.4μmol/L引物、60ng模板DNA和0.16mmol/L dNTP。扩增程序为:94℃预变性2min;94℃变性30s,37℃复性30s,72℃延伸80s,40个循环;72℃延伸10min;4℃保存10min。     

小桐子ISSR-PCR体系的优化

采用正交试验设计方法.建立了小桐子ISSR-PCR反应体系和扩增程序.结果表明,在20μl反应体系中含有1×PCR缓冲液、200μmol/L dNTP、0.5μmol/L引物、2.0mmol/L MgCl2、0.5U Tag DNA聚合酶和90ng模板DNA最适用于小桐子ISSR-PCK扩增.适宜的扩增程序为94℃ 7min;94℃ 1min,44℃～56℃(退火温度随引物不同而定)45s,72℃ 1min,35个循环;72℃7min;4℃保存.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.