由EST到全长cDNA--RACE及相关技术进展

由EST出发获得全长cDNA是基因组和功能基因组研究的重要内容之一,cDNA末端扩增技术（RACE）是实现此目的的重要方法。本文对RACE的基本原理及其改进,尤其是AM－MV酶TS（template switch)功能的应用带来的技术革新进行了综述。     

cDNA末端快速扩增技术研究进展

全长 cDNA 的获得是基因克隆的重要内容,也是基因组研究中的一个重要方面．cDNA 末端快速扩增技术(RACE)是获得全长 cDNA 的主要辅助手段之一,从 RACE 的原理出发,指出该技术本身存在的优缺点,阐述 RACE 操作中不容忽视的技术要点,对前人对 RACE 的改进加以总结．     

cDNA末端快速扩增技术新进展

全长cDNA的获得是基因克隆的重要内容,也是目前人类基因组研究中后 个重要方面,cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）技术是以PCR为基础,从部分已知的cDNA序列扩增出其他未知部分的5′端和3′端的cDNA序列的一种方法,本文从RACE技术的基本原理方法出发,详细阐述了其存在的缺陷,并对RACE最新研究进展,如Marathon-PCR,Smart-PACE以及“电子”cDNA克隆等作一综述。     

一种新的cDNA末端快速扩增获取全长cDNA的方法

为克隆精子发生相关基因的全长cDNA,根据mRNA差异显示获得的ESTs设计引物。利用一种新的cDNA末端快速扩增方法（SMART RACE）扩增该EST的5′末端,并进行克隆测序,与cDNA差异显示获得ESTs拼接后,获得了三个新的全长cDNA。结果表明：SMAR RACE是一种简便、有效的克隆cDNA5′末端未知序列的技术。     

中华绒螯蟹卵巢RACB cDNA文库的构建

应用抑制性差减杂交技术,已经获得了中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育过程中差异表达基因的部分cDNA序列。为了进一步获得基因的全长cDNA序列,运用SMART技术,成功构建了中华绒螯蟹卵巢(Ⅲ期)RACE cDNA文库。琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明,文库所含全长cDNA的长度主要集中在500—2000bP之间,RACE PCR结果表明,所用基因特异性引物与接头引物皆能扩增出产物,说明所构文库的质量较好,适于用RACE方法从中分离中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育相关基因的全长cDNA。     

cDNA末端快速扩增技术的研究进展

cDNA末端快速扩增技术是一种基于多聚酶链式反应的技术 ,它的发展大大便利了应用其它方法获得的部分cDNA序列后克隆全长cDNA 5’和 3’末端的工作。不仅RACE方法能在短时间内得到完整的cDNA末端序列 ,而且一些截短的cDNA末端常常也能在RACE的过程中被扩增 ,而这些截短的产物破坏了全长cDNA克隆的获取。许多研究者对RACE的流程提出了改进方案 ,从而提高了该技术的效力。本文介绍了许多已发表的RACE技术关键步骤的改良 ,包括一些具体有效的操作流程 ,如RNA连接酶介导的RACE/连接锚定PCR等 ,还有其有效性的例证。     

利用Y-RACE法进行棉花胚珠cDNA末端快速扩增

在YADE(Y shapedadaptordependentextension)方法的基础上 ,设计了一种新的cDNA末端快速扩增方法 ,称为Y RACE法 .利用该方法只需一次cDNA合成就能进行多个基因的 3′和 5′末端的扩增 .分别利用Y RACE方法和RACE试剂盒 (TaKaRa)扩增了一个棉花胚珠cDNA片段F0 2 7的末端序列 .序列比较表明 ,用Y RACE方法扩增的末端序列较试剂盒所得序列在最末端稍短 ,但同样能进行正确拼接并获得全长编码序列 .对Y RACE法的优缺点和可能的改进作了进一步讨论 .     

cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)的优化与改良

cDNA末端的快速扩增(RACE)法是延伸已知部分外显子序列和克隆全长cDNA基因的主要方法之一。广泛用于许多已知功能基因片段的进一步延伸和全长cDNA的克隆。但由于其过程复杂、涉及多步连续的酶促过程,如反转录、TdT加尾、第二链合成、RACE-PCR扩增及RACE产物克隆等,在实际应用中有许多问题和相当难度,主要针对RACE各步骤中存在的问题进行了分析,并对其优化和改良进行了综述。     

一步3’RACE快速构建鸡MnSOD全长cDNA克隆Rapid

本研究尝试将触减 PCR与3’ cDNA末端快速扩增（rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE）技术进行结合,仅用一条特异性引物和一条通用引物,成功地实现了从3’末端cDNA库对鸡含锰超氧化物歧化酶（manganese-containing superoxide dismutase,MnSOD）全长cDNA的一步3’RACE快速构建。与常规使用的末端PCR或亚克隆方法相比,该法具有快速、省时、经济和特异性好的优点。Abstract: RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends) is a popular technique to rapidly obtain the full-length cDNA. After obtaining the 3’cDNA and 5’cDNA fragments with a overlapped region by 3’RACE and 5’RACE, the full-length cDNA could be generated by end-to-end PCR or subcloning. In this study, 3’RACE combined with touch-down PCR was successfully used for the rapid construction of full-length MnSOD cDNA of chickens. Compared with the conventional end-to-end PCR or subcloning, this method, called one-step 3’RACE, is fast, economical and highly specific. It especially fits the rapid construction of full-length cDNA by RACE method.     

cDNA末端快速扩增技术及其应用*

摘要：cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）技术是一种快速获得cDNA的3′和5＇端的方法。本文从RACE的原理出发,指出其技术本身存在的优缺点,阐述了RACE操作中须注意和不容忽视的技术要点,并对前人对RACE技术所做的改进加以总结,最后对RACE技术的应用前景给予了展望。Abstract: Rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) technique is a method of which the 3’ and 5’ fragments of cDNA can be rapidly obtained. In this review, the advantages and shortcomings RACE manipulation were pointed out and some important technical points in RACE protocols in the previous literatures were summarized.     

3' RACE walking along a large cDNA employing tiered suppression PCR

Large genes present particular cloning difficulties, especially when expressed at relatively low levels. We describe a novel method, termed 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) walking, for the rapid determination of unknown 3' flanking sequence of a large cDNA. The technique is a derivative of the anchored PCR 5' RACE procedure but includes a specific and limited second-strand cDNA synthesis and a tiered "panhandle" suppression of nonspecific products. The method generated 900 bp of new sequence for the large tammar wallaby ATRY gene in two easy steps, in which standard 3' RACE and PCR-based cDNA library walking proved unsuccessful. This robust approach represents a new tool for isolating unknown sequence under challenging cloning scenarios such as poor library representation, long coding regions, long 3' untranslated regions, and difficult template regions.     

Polymerase reaction without primers throughout for the reconstruction of full-length cDNA from products of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)

Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) has widely been used to determine both ends of the cDNA from its partial sequence. Conventionally, 5'- and 3'-RACE products were ligated at a restriction site in the overlap region to reconstruct the full-length cDNA; however, reconstruction is difficult if no appropriate restriction enzymes are available. Here, we report a novel method to reconstruct full-length cDNA with DNA polymerase. Instead of usual PCR, chain reactions were avoided and the elongation time was shortened, which enables non-specific products or undesired point mutations to be minimized. We successfully reconstructed and TA-cloned a full-length cDNA of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene variant 2 from RACE products obtained from a surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma sample. We also evaluated some parameters to provide recommendations for this new method.     

采用RACE技术获得全长人新基因MAGE-D1

 c DNA末端快速扩增 (RACE)技术是快速获得新基因 5′和 3′端未知序列的有效手段 .鉴于新报导的人肿瘤基因 MAGE家族成员之一 MAGE- D1的 c DNA序列不完全 ,从而拟用 RACE技术获得 MAGE- D1的全长 c DNA序列 .结果显示 ,MAGE- D1的 c DNA全长为 2 80 0个碱基 ,编码778个氨基酸 .同时对 RACE技术应用时的一些关键问题进行了讨论 .     

cDNA cloning by amplification of circularized first strand cDNAs reveals non-IRE-regulated iron-responsive mRNAs

Currently, the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) is the most common method for PCR cloning of cDNA. Because RACE uses a gene specific primer and one adaptor primer that is shared by all cDNAs may result in numerous nonspecific products that can hinder the cloning process. Here we report a new method that uses circularized first strand cDNA from mRNA and two gene specific primers to amplify both the 5' and 3' cDNA ends in one reaction. A cDNA band of correct size can be obtained on the first pass in this approach. If the correct size is not obtained on the first pass, amplification of cDNA ends can be repeated until the correct size of the cDNA is obtained. We tested this new method on eight mRNAs that we have previously shown to respond to cellular iron levels. We obtained sequences for six mRNAs that were 43 bp to 1324 bp longer than that reported in GenBank and obtained the same length sequence for the other two mRNAs. RNA folding program shows no iron responsive elements (IRE) on these mRNA. In conclusion, our cloning approach offers a more efficient method for cloning full-length cDNA and it may be used to replace the existing method of 5' end cDNA extension. The data enabled us to exclude the possibility that the expression of these iron responsive genes are regulated by IREs.