蛋白质组学的进展

蛋白质组学是在细胞的整体蛋白质水平上进行研究、从蛋白质整体活动的角度来认识生命活动规律的一门新学科.简要介绍蛋白质组学的科学背景及其最新发展.     

蛋白质组学相关概念与技术及其研究进展

随着后基因组时代的到来,蛋白质组学得到了空前的发展。包括蛋白质组、蛋白质组学、功能蛋白质组学和结构基因组学等新的概念和学科不断涌现,并相应改进和发燕尾服了许多新的技术和研究手段,如双向凝胶电泳、生物质谱、生物传感芯片质谱、蛋白质芯片、和生物信息学等。     

蛋白质组与蛋白质组学

１９９４年澳大利有针对后基因组时代研究趋势,提出了蛋白质组和蛋白质组学的新概念。即把基因组所编码的所有蛋白为研究对象,直接探讨基因、蛋白的功能。其核心技术包括双向电泳、质谱分析、生物信息学等。该技术在探索疾病发生,寻找新药等方面取得越来越广泛的应用。     

化学蛋白质组学及其在新药开发中的应用

人类基因组计划提供的大量信息,很可能会掀起一场方法学上的革命,加速研究复杂生物体系的进程.但如何充分利用这些信息,从中挖掘出更好的方法,用于人类疾病的治疗?化学蛋白质组学的出现,提供了一种新方法,便于信息的提取,将加速从有效靶点建立到新药发现的进程.     

现代质谱技术在蛋白质组学中的应用及其最新进展

简述了蛋白质组学的概念、内容和意义,重点综述了现代质谱技术在蛋白质组学中的应用,主要包括蛋白质和肽段的鉴定和定量、蛋白质翻译后修饰的鉴定和蛋白质间相互作用的检测等。随着新的高质量精确度、分辨率、灵敏度和通量质谱仪的出现,现代质谱技术在蛋白质组学中的应用将越来越广泛,并给蛋白质组学研究带来新的机遇。     

数据挖掘在蛋白质组学研究中的应用

介绍蛋白质组学研究的背景;阐述数据挖掘的原理、方法,重点讲述数据挖掘技术在蛋白质组学研究中取得的新的进展。最后,对数据挖掘目前存在的问题作分析,并对它的发展的前景作展望。     

蛋白质组学关键技术研究进展

蛋白质组学是后基因组时代的一门新兴科学,是对生物体在蛋白质水平上定量、动态、整体性的研究。简要综述了高通量蛋白质分离和鉴定技术,如双向电泳、生物质谱、蛋白质芯片、酵母双杂交、同位素亲和标签及生物信息学的原理、方法、应用及存在的问题与局限,并对蛋白质组学研究的发展前景进行了展望。     

蛋白质组学及其意义

1　蛋白质组学的产生人类基因组计划 (Human Gemome Project HGP)是人类有史以来最伟大的认识自身的世纪工程 ,旨在阐明人类基因组 DNA3× 10 9核苷酸序列 ,希望在分子水平上破译人类所有的遗传信息。经过各国科学家十几年的努力 ,HGP已取得了巨大的成绩 ,预计在 2 0 0 5年完成全部测序的目标有望提前达到。那么 ,如何将这一计划获知的人类基因序列转变为对人类自身认识的知识 ?如何对这些基因加以利用呢 ?科学家认为 ,生命科学已进入了后基因组时代 ,而功能基因组 (FunctionalGenomics)的研究 ,则是这一时代的核心内容。可以说 ,HGP…     

植物蛋白质组学研究进展

 蛋白质组学是后基因组时代功能基因组学研究的新兴学科和热点领域。该文简要介绍了蛋白质组学产生的科学背景、研究方法和研究内容。蛋白质组学研究方法主要有双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（2D-PAGE）、质谱(Mass-spectrometric)技术、蛋白质芯片（Protein chips）技术、酵母双杂交系统（Yeast two-hybrid system）、植物蛋白质组数据库等。其应用的范围包括植物群体遗传学、在个体水平上植物对生物和非生物环境的适应机制、植物的发育和组织器官的分化过程,以及不同亚细胞结构在生理生态过程中的作用等诸多方面。同时对植物蛋白质组学的发展前景进行了展望。     

干细胞的蛋白质组研究

干细胞研究和蛋白质组研究同属于21世纪生命科学的热点领域。将蛋白质组学技术应用于干细胞的研究,能够为了解干细胞提供蛋白质水平的信息,揭示干细胞的增殖、定向分化和迁移的机制,为人们更好地将干细胞技术应用于组织工程、基因治疗及药物开发等领域奠定基础。     

生物质谱与蛋白质组学

蛋白质组学是后基因组学时代最受关注的研究领域之一,其核心的鉴定技术——生物质谱近年来在仪器设计以及鉴定通量、分辨率和灵敏度等各方面均有质的飞跃,促进了蛋白质表达谱作图、定量蛋白质组分析、亚细胞器蛋白质组作图、蛋白质翻译后修饰以及蛋白质相互作用等蛋白质组研究各个领域的飞速发展。本综述了生物质谱技术的最新进展,及其在蛋白质组学研究中的应用。     

The HUPO proteomics standards initiative--easing communication and minimizing data loss in a changing world

The amount of data currently being generated by proteomics laboratories around the world is increasing exponentially, making it ever more critical that scientists are able to exchange, compare and retrieve datasets when re-evaluation of their original conclusions becomes important. Only a fraction of this data is published in the literature and important information is being lost every day as data formats become obsolete. The Human Proteome Organisation Proteomics Standards Initiative (HUPO-PSI) was tasked with the creation of data standards and interchange formats to allow both the exchange and storage of such data irrespective of the hardware and software from which it was generated. This article will provide an update on the work of this group, the creation and implementation of these standards and the standards-compliant data repositories being established as result of their efforts.     

Advances in sperm proteomics: best-practise methodology and clinical potential

The recent application of mass spectrometry to the study of the sperm cell has led to an unprecedented capacity for identification of sperm proteins in a variety of species. Knowledge of the proteins that make up the sperm cell represents the first step towards understanding its normal function and the molecular anomalies associated with male infertility. The present review starts with an introduction of the sperm cell biology and is followed by the consideration of the methodological key aspects to be aware of during sample sourcing and preparation, including data interpretation. It then overviews the initiatives developed so far towards the completion of the sperm proteome, with a particular focus in human but with the inclusion of some comments on different model species. Finally, all studies performing differential proteomics in infertile patients are reviewed, pointing to future potential applications.     

High-throughput proteomics using antibody microarrays

Antibody-based microarrays are a novel technology that hold great promise in proteomics. Microarrays can be printed with thousands of recombinant antibodies carrying the desired specificities, the biologic sample (e.g., an entire proteome) and any specifically bound analytes detected. The microarray patterns that are generated can then be converted into proteomic maps, or molecular fingerprints, revealing the composition of the proteome. Using this tool, global proteome analysis and protein expression profiling will thus provide new opportunities for biomarker discovery, drug target identification and disease diagnostics, as well as providing insights into disease biology. Intense work is currently underway to develop this novel technology platform into the high-throughput proteomic tool required by the research community.     

Understanding protein trafficking in plant cells through proteomics

The functions of approximately one-third of the proteins encoded by the Arabidopsis thaliana genome are completely unknown. Moreover, many annotations of the remainder of the genome supply tentative functions, at best. Knowing the ultimate localization of these proteins, as well as the pathways used for getting there, may provide clues as to their functions. The putative localization of most proteins currently relies on in silico-based bioinformatics approaches, which, unfortunately, often result in erroneous predictions. Emerging proteomics techniques coupled with other systems biology approaches now provide researchers with a plethora of methods for elucidating the final location of these proteins on a large scale, as well as the ability to dissect protein-sorting pathways in plants.