EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF CHORDA TYMPANI ON GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE RESPONSE TO THE FOLIATE PAPILLAE STIMULATION

The foliate papillae of the rat are dually innervated by thechorda tympani and the glossopharyngeal nerves. The effectsof electrical stimulation of the distal end of the cut chordatympani on the spontaneous discharges and the gustatory responsesof the glossopharyngeal nerve fibers were examined in the ratwhile gustatory stimuli were applied to the foliate papillae.Activities of 5 out of 35 taste units in the glossopharyngealnerve were influenced by this procedure. Three units showedan inhibitory effect, 1 unit showed an excitatory effect and1 unit changed its firing pattern. These facts may be derivedfrom alterations of the blood circulation in the vicinity ofthe taste receptor cells innervated by the glossopharyngealnerve fibers.     

A STUDY OF THE INNERVATION OF THE TAENIA COLI

An electrophysiological and anatomical study of the guinea pig taenia coli is reported. Changing the membrane potential of single cells cannot modulate the rate of firing action potentials but does reveal electrical coupling between the cells during propagation. The amplitude of the junction potentials which occur during transmission from inhibitory nerves is unaffected in many cells during alteration of the membrane potential, indicating electrical coupling during transmission. The taenia coli is shown to consist of smooth muscle bundles which anastomose. There are tight junctions between the cells in the bundles, and these probably provide the pathway for the electrical coupling. The smooth muscle cells towards the serosal surface of the taenia coli are shown electrophysiologically to have an extensive intramural inhibitory innervation, but a sparse sympathetic inhibitory and cholinergic excitatory innervation. These results are in accordance with the distribution of these nerves as determined histochemically. As single axons are only rarely observed in the taenia coli, it is suggested that the only muscle cells which undergo permeability changes during transmission are those adjacent to varicosities in the nerve bundles. The remaining muscle cells then undergo potential changes during transmission because of electrical coupling through the tight junctions.     

前脑生长抑素样神经元对大鼠颈部食管前运动神经元的支配——PRV和SOM荧光双标记法研究

用ＰＲＶ和ＳＯＭ免疫荧光双标记法研究了前脑中ＳＯＭ样神经元对孤束核中食管前运动神经元的支配。当ＰＲＶ注射于大鼠颈部食管后,在大脑皮质前部嗅沟背侧的无颗粒型岛叶皮质后部和嗅沟腹侧的梨状前皮质前部可见较多ＰＲＶ和ＳＯＭ双标记细胞。在终纹床核、内侧视前区、外侧视前区和正中视前区、终板血管器、穹隆下器、以及嗅结节等处也可见少量ＰＲＶ和ＳＯＭ双标记细胞。本文推测脑对颈部食管运动的调节是由广泛的中枢神经系统结构来完成的     

大鼠舌乳头酶组织化学及扫描电镜的研究

实验采用酶组织化学法和扫描电镜对大鼠舌乳头的酶活性及其表面结构进行了观测。结果表明。大、鼠舌菌状乳头和轮廓乳头的味蕾处Mg^2 -ATPase为强阳性反应（ ）,ChEase为中等阳性反应（ ）,使用ChE Ag^ 染色方法显示。味蕾含有丰富的神经末梢,结果提示ATP可能是味觉传导中神经递质或调质。     

不同光学异构体组成的氯氰菊酯对敏感及抗性家蝇的神经电生理学研究

采用敏感家蝇(Musca domestica vicina L.)及由5种不同光学异构体组成的氯氰菊酯选育的抗性家蝇中胸足离体标本,观测五种药剂对足感觉神经纤维冲动发放的影响。各种异构体组成的氯氰菊酯均可引起感觉神经纤维发放的增加,然后逐渐降低,直至完全阻断。以阻断时间和加药剂量为参数,求出神经敏感度。结果表明：五种药剂作用于敏感家蝇的神经敏感度与室内生物测定的LD₅₀值(μg/头)无相关性,而与供试药剂中反α体与顺α体的比例有关,反α体所占比例越多的药物,神经敏感度越高。抗性家蝇的神经敏感度与敏感 家蝇相比大幅度下降,可以认为神经敏感度降低是家蝇对氯氰菊酯产生抗性的主要机制。抗性家蝇中,氯氰菊酯品系(RC₁)的抗生水平最高,但它的神经敏感度较其它抗性品系也高,由此推测,RC₁,的抗性机制与其它晶系有所不同。     

柞蚕雌蛾性信息素及其类似物的结构和活性关系的电生理学研究

本文用电生理学的单细胞记录方法,研究了柞蚕雄蛾(Antheraea pernyi)触角的毛形感器对雌蛾性信息素及相应的几何异构体、光学异构体的反应特性;测定了剂量-反应曲线.研究结果表明:信息化合物的双键构型及光学特性对触角电位(以EAG表示)活性大小有重要影响.     

大鼠直肠肽能神经的支配与起源——HRP与免疫细胞化学法联合研究

用HRP追踪法与免疫细胞化学法观察了大鼠直肠内P物质（SP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）和血管活性肠肽（VIP）三种肽能神经的支配与来源。结果显示：（1）直肠GCRP和VIP肽能神经起源于盆丛副交感神经节（PSG）。（2）直肠感觉神经纤维来自骶2－4节段双侧背根神经节（S2－4－DRG）SP能或CGRP能神经元。（3）感觉神经元的中枢突进入骶髓2－3节段后角并形成较粗大的外侧束,其中大部分传入纤维经后角外侧缘走行,终止于侧角区中间外侧核交感神经元胞体周围。其余部分传入纤维延伸到骶髓2－3节段灰质第Ⅱ、Ⅲ层和灰质后连合核（中央自主神经核）,进入中间外侧核的传入纤维与后连合核也有联系。上述结果提示,支配直肠的VIP能神经元参与了直肠肌运动的调节;SP和CGRP能神经元可能与直肠的运动、感觉调节有关。     

RENEWAL OF TASTE BUD CELLS IN RAT CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE

The life span of taste bud cells in rat circumvallate papillae was measured by autoradiography after labeling them with a pulse of [³H]thymidine. Specimens of circumvallate papillae were taken daily 1·5-18·5 days after the isotope was administered; thereafter, specimens were taken on alternate days until 25·5 days. For each time interval, the number of labeled cell nuclei was counted in 200-450 taste buds and plotted as the ratio of labeled cells/taste bud v. time after injection of [³H]TdR. In all, 6958 taste buds were counted. The total number of labeled cells (dark plus light) per taste bud reached peaks at 6·5, 13·5 and 20·5 days. The curve for the number of labeled dark cells/bud had essentially the same shape as that for total cells. The number of labeled light cells/bud reached a modest peak at 6·5 days and slowly declined to a plateau for the remainder of the experiment. The data show that an average of 2 days elapsed after injection before labeled dark cells entered the bud and they spent an average of 7 days in the non-proliferating taste bud compartment; thus, the life span of the dark cell was 9 days. The life span of the light cell was difficult to estimate quantitatively, but this cell type was labeled at a much slower rate than dark cells and is assumed to have a significantly longer tenure in the taste bud.     

川楝素对粘虫幼虫拒食作用的电生理学研究

1×10^-4g/ml川楝素溶液能诱发记录到粘虫(Mythimna separata)幼虫下颚瘤状体栓锥感器的传入发放.其发放频率有一个逐步发展的过程,并可引起几个感受器细胞的爆发性发放.若用1×10^-4g/ml川楝素溶液处理栓锥感器,则经过一段时间后,能抑制粘虫幼虫侧栓锥感器对10mmol/L蔗糖和中栓锥感器对50mmol/L肌醇的诱发反应.用二硫苏糖醇及川楝素的混合液处理上述感器,则能解除川楝素的抑制效应.对川楝素作为拒食剂对昆虫化学感受器的可能作用方式作了初步探讨.对其拒食效应与活乐木醛作了比较.     

大鼠脑内5-HT能神经元对咽肌的支配及调控

用ＰＲＶ和５－ＨＴ免疫组织化学双标记方法研究脑内５－ＨＴ能神经元对咽肌的神经支配及调控。观察到中缝核群的中缝苍白核、中缝隐核、中缝大核、中缝桥核、中缝正中核、中缝背核、和中缝尾侧线形核等部位有ＰＲＶ和５－ＨＴ双标记细胞,直接证明中缝核群的５－ＨＴ能神经元投射到支配咽肌的疑核运动神经元和孤束核中的前运动神经元,调控咽肌的运动。并推测脑干中缝核群中的５－ＨＴ能神经元对咽肌运动的调控可能经由５ＨＴ３和５ＨＴ１Ａ两种受体介导。     

外侧隔—海马CA1通路电生理分析

电刺激外侧隔区可在海马 CA1区锥体细胞层记录到群锋电位,在 CA1辐射层顶树突记录到兴奋性突触后电位(EPSP)。侧脑室注射微量海人酸损毁海马 CA3-CA4区锥体细胞后,电刺激外侧隔区在 CA1顶树突不再诱发 EPSP,由此认为外侧隔-CA1顶树突的神经联系是通过同侧海马 CA3锥体细胞侧支实现的。但 CA3-CA4损毁后,电刺激外侧隔区在海马 CA1起层锥体细胞底树突仍可记录到 EPSP。这一在正常情况下被掩盖的外侧隔-CA1底树突神经联系及其来源尚有待探讨。     

猫脊髓背索双投射神经元轴突分叉部位的电生理学研究

猫腰骶髓背角神经元对同侧颈髓背索和背外侧索的逆向刺激发生反应。这些神经元对刺激背索抑或背外侧索的逆向反应,在C_7-T_4节段的背索和背外侧索被分隔开时消失。其中,以背索刺激引起的逆向反应的消失机率居多。背索刺激的阈强度、不应期和逆向反应潜伏期等参数多高于背外侧索的有关参数。结果提示,脊髓背角脊颈束-背索突触后神经元轴突在下颈上胸节段分叉;分叉后的背外侧索分支的直径多粗于背索分支。     

INNERVATION OF THE FIBRILLAR FLIGHT MUSCLE OF AN INSECT: TENEBRIO MOLITOR (COLEOPTERA)

The structure of peripheral nerves, and the organization of the myoneural junctions in flight muscle fibers of a beetle is described. The uniaxonal presynaptic nerve branches display the "tunicated" structure reported in the case of other insect nerves and the relationship between the axon and the lemnoblast folds is discussed. The synapsing nerve terminal shows many similarities with that of central and peripheral junctions of other insects and of vertebrates (e.g., the intra-axonal synaptic vesicles) but certain important differences have been noted between this region in Tenebrio flight muscle and in other insect muscles. Firstly, the axon discards the lemnoblast before the junction is established and the axon effects a circumferential synapse with the plasma membrane of the fiber, which alone shows the increased thickness often observed in both pre- and postsynaptic elements. Secondly, in addition to the synaptic vesicles within the axon are present, in the immediately adjacent sarcoplasm, great numbers of larger postsynaptic vesicles which, it is tentatively suggested, may represent the sites of storage of the enzymatic destroyer of the activating substance similarly quantized within the intra-axonal vesicles. The spatial relationship between the peripherally located junctions and the portion of the fiber plasma membrane internalized as circumtracheolar sheaths is considered, and the possible significance of this with respect to impulse conduction is discussed briefly.     

猫小脑第Ⅶ小叶皮层—核团投射的电生理学研究

在三碘季铵酚制动的去大脑猫上,记录了小脑后叶的第Ⅶ小叶皮层浦肯野细胞(PC)对分别刺激顶核、间位核和齿状核的逆行场电位和逆行单位反应,以确定小脑皮层PC对这三个核团投射的空间分布。在鉴定了PC对其靶核团的投射后,用特制的模拟自然屈腕运动的刺激装置来推动猫同侧前肢的掌背,造成腕关节一次轻微的屈曲,观察该PG对这一刺激的单位反应。实验资料用电子计算机处理,作出平均诱发电位和刺激后时间直方图。 本文以电生理学方法揭示,猫小脑后叶第Ⅶ小叶皮层-核团投射存在较明确的纵区分布模式,纵区之间的分界线走向有一定的弯曲,与前叶略有不同。小脑后叶皮层从中线到两侧2.8mm为顶核区(FZ);其外侧为间位核区(IZ),最大宽度约为3.5mm;齿状核区(DZ)约始于5.0mm处。这三个不同纵区的PC对外周自然屈腕刺激都有反应,但反应细胞的百分数不同,FZ有59％的PC对外周刺激有反应,IZ为84％,DZ为20％。这些结果表明后叶第Ⅶ小叶具有类似于前叶的功能分布,IZ的PC对外周刺激有更大的调制作用,提示该皮层-核团投射的纵区结构有其特定的功能意义。     

大鼠下橄榄复合体至小脑旁绒球和绒球的投射：HRP逆行追踪的研究

应用辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）做逆行标记,以四甲基联苯胺（ＴＭＢ）,为呈色剂,对成年大鼠下橄榄复合体到小脑分级球和线球的纤维投射进行了详细的研究。结果显示旁线球和线球接受对侧下橄榄复合体的纤维投射。其中,绒球只接受背帽（ＤＣ）和内侧副橄榄核（ＭＡＯ）嘴段的投射;旁绒球接受ＭＡＯ、橄榄主核（ＰＯ）及少量腹外延伸（ＶＬＯ）的投射。但是,未观察到由下橄榄复合体的背侧副橄榄核（ＤＡＯ）到旁绒球或绒球的投射。此外,对大鼠橄榄旁绒球和橄榄绒球投射的带型以及下橄榄与绒球和旁线球的功能做了相关的讨论。     

粘虫Leucania separata Walker成虫复眼暗适应的电生理研究

本文用电生理学的方法,研究了粘虫成虫复眼在暗适应过程中感受性的变化,及暗适应后感觉反应与闪光刺激强度之间的相互关系。复眼的光感受性随着暗适应时间的延长而逐渐增加;暗适应第15秒钟时与暗适应完成后所产生的感受器电位强度相差4倍。完成暗适应的时间大约为30—45分钟。暗适应后的感受器电位与闪光强度的对数(LogI)之间的关系,在闪光强度LogI=-0.5到3.0的范围内,几乎为正比例的直线相关。网膜电流图一般包含四种成分:①开光反应,表现为短暂的正电位变化:③主要的、起源于感受器的负电位变化:③发生于负电位升起端的正相电位;及④表现为负电位的闭光效应。它们彼此间能相互影响,使视网膜电流图在不同情况下有不同的外形,其中占优势的为感受器产生的负电位。本工作表明雌雄个体之间在视网膜电位的反应方面差异不明显。