芹菜NHL-like蛋白基因克隆与表达分析

植物生长发育过程中会遭遇各种病原物的攻击,植物为了应对这些危害并适应外界的生存竞争,逐渐演化出了复杂的防御机制。NHL基因家族庞大,部分NHL基因受病原物诱导后会过量表达,增强植物对多种病原菌的抗性,是与植物防御机制密切相关的蛋白。本研究以津南实芹和美国西芹2个芹菜品种为试验材料,分别克隆出NHL-like蛋白基因AgNHL。序列分析表明,上述2种芹菜的AgNHL基因序列均含636 bp的开放阅读框,编码211个氨基酸。2种芹菜碱基序列,只有第36位不同,津南实芹为T,美国西芹为C,2种碱基序列相似性高达99.84%,编码的氨基酸序列相同。进化分析显示,2种芹菜的NHL-like蛋白与葡萄、大豆等植物的相似度较高,在第80~185氨基酸间含一个LEA-2蛋白保守结构域。荧光定量PCR结果表明,AgNHL基因主要在芹菜茎中表达,根中表达量最低,有明显组织特异性,品种差异也很显著。对2种芹菜分别进行4℃低温、38℃高温、20%PEG处理、0.2 mol/L NaCl处理2 h表达分析显示,低温、盐处理下该基因表达量明显上升。     

西伯利亚蓼钙调蛋白基因的克隆及其在盐胁迫下的表达

已从西伯利亚蓼叶中cDNA文库中获得的钙调蛋白EST序列,采用cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）技术克隆了具有完整编码区的钙调蛋白基因的cDNA序列（GenBank登录号GQ988382）,命名为PsCaM。该基因全长615bp,编码区为450bp,编码149个氨基酸,5＇非翻译区为63bp,3＇非翻译区为102bp。同源性分析表明,该蛋白与其他植物钙调蛋白高度保守,氨基酸同源性高达98%。用实时荧光定量PCR研究3%NaHCO3胁迫下西伯利亚蓼基因表达的结果显示,自然条件下,该基因在叶中表达量最高,地下茎次之,茎中最低;盐胁迫下CaM在西伯利亚蓼的地下茎、茎和叶中均有表达,表达模式不同。     

猪小窝蛋白1(caveolin-1)的基因结构及在各组织中的表达分析

caveolin基因家族成员在基础细胞过程如细胞的形态调控、迁移以及肌肉细胞中基因的表达方面发挥着重要作用.本研究采用大白猪与广东蓝塘猪的背最长肌,利用mRNA差异显示技术对caveolin基因家族成员caveolin-1(Cav-1)进行了鉴定.同源分析结果表明,猪Cav-1蛋白的氨基酸序列中有一个caveolin结构域,并且该蛋白在不同物种间具有很高的保守性.RT-PCR分析发现,该蛋白在本实验所检测的猪心脏、肝、肾、大脑、脾、肺、背最长肌和背膘等8个部位组织中均有表达,其中背膘表达量最高.采用实时荧光定量PCR,首次证实该蛋白在蓝塘猪与大白猪的背膘及背最长肌中的表达量存在极显著与显著性差异,该结果表明Cav-1基因可能是一个胴体性状的候选基因.同时也说明,利用猪作为研究小窝蛋白在脂肪沉积中信号传导机制的动物模型将为未来研究提供非常有价值的信息.     

猪小窝蛋白1（caveolin-1）的基因结构及在各组织中的表达分析

caveolin基因家族成员在基础细胞过程如细胞的形态调控、迁移以及肌肉细胞中基因的表达方面发挥着重要作用．本研究采用大白猪与广东蓝塘猪的背最长肌,利用mRNA差异显示技术对caveofin基因家族成员caveolin-1（Cav-1）进行了鉴定．同源分析结果表明,猪Cav-1蛋白的氨基酸序列中有一个caveolin结构域,并且该蛋白在不同物种间具有很高的保守性．RT-PCR分析发现,该蛋白在本实验所检测的猪心脏、肝、肾、大脑、脾、肺、背最长肌和背膘等8个部位组织中均有表达,其中背膘表达量最高．采用实时荧光定量PCR,首次证实该蛋白在蓝塘猪与大白猪的背膘及背最长肌中的表达量存在极显著与显著性差异,该结果表明Cav-1基因可能是一个胴体性状的候选基因．同时也说明,利用猪作为研究小窝蛋白在脂肪沉积中信号传导机制的动物模型将为未来研究提供非常有价值的信息．     

小麦锌指蛋白基因的克隆、序列与表达分析

根据R基因及其调控基因保守序列设计简并性引物,对白粉菌接种和未接种处理的一对抗病和感病的小麦—黑麦等位突变易位系TAM104R和TAM104S总RNA进行RT-PCR扩增,得到一个诱导表达的cDNA片段。序列分析表明,该片段全长2474bp,其中含有一个822bp的完整开放阅读框,推测其编码一个有273个氨基酸残基、分子量约31kD的蛋白质分子。蛋白质的氨基酸序列比对显示,该蛋白质分子具有C2HC锌结合motif CX2CX4HX4C结构和锌指domain,可见克隆的cDNA是一个锌指蛋白基因,命名为TaZF。Southern杂交表明,TaZF在抗病易位系TAM104R的基因组中是多拷贝的。半定量RT-PCR分析显示,TaZF基因属组成型表达、但受白粉菌诱导表达上调的基因,推测其与白粉病菌的侵染过程相关。基因组DNA专化扩增、克隆和测序揭示TaZF基因无内含子。     

乙型肝炎病毒C蛋白基因的克隆表达

根据已知的C蛋白基因序列设计一对引物,用PCR法从HBV adw亚型全基因组克隆中扩增出约500bp的NDA片段,将该基因克隆到表达质粒pQE30中,转化大肠杆菌,进一步对重组质粒中的插入片段进行DNA测序,证明是C基因,阳性克隆子经IPTG诱导后,获得了目的蛋白的表达,菌体经超声破碎后,目的蛋白主要存在于上清中,为下一步研究其抗原性和免疫原性奠定了基础。     

异色瓢虫气味结合蛋白基因HaxyOBP1和HaxyOBP6的克隆及表达谱分析

【目的】本研究旨在探索异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis气味结合蛋白的结构和分布,更好地了解气味结合蛋白在异色瓢虫嗅觉系统中的作用。【方法】利用生物信息学方法克隆异色瓢虫2个气味结合蛋白基因序列并对其蛋白结构进行分析;通过实时荧光定量PCR分析克隆获得的这2个基因在异色瓢虫各个发育阶段和成虫不同组织中的表达水平。【结果】本研究成功克隆得到异色瓢虫两个气味结合蛋白基因HaxyOBP1和HaxyOBP6(GenBank登录号分别为MG757923和MG757927)。HaxyOBP1开放阅读框全长447 bp,编码148个氨基酸,具有6个保守的半胱氨酸,表明HaxyOBP1属于Classic OBPs。HaxyOBP1在异色瓢虫各发育阶段均有表达,在雄性成虫中表达量最高;组织表达谱分析表明HaxyOBP1在雄虫头部表达量最高。HaxyOBP6开放阅读框全长414 bp,编码137个氨基酸,具有4个保守的半胱氨酸,表明HaxyOBP6属于Minus-C OBPs。HaxyOBP6在成虫期的表达量明显高于幼虫阶段,并且在雄成虫中的表达量显著高于雌成虫;组织表达谱分析表明HaxyOBP6在雄成虫头部和雌成虫翅中表达量最高。【结论】本研究克隆得到异色瓢虫两个气味结合蛋白基因,表达谱分析表明HaxyOBP1和HaxyOBP6分别在异色瓢虫成虫头和翅中具有较高的表达水平,说明气味结合蛋白基因可能在异色瓢虫非嗅觉组织中同样具有重要作用。本研究结果为深入研究异色瓢虫气味结合蛋白结构和功能奠定了基础。     

芹菜韧皮部中的微管蛋白和类动蛋白

用免疫荧光标记和免疫印迹技术,证明芹菜韧皮部中存在微管蛋白和类动蛋白（ｋｉｎｅｓｉｎ－ｌｉｋｅｎｒｏｔｅｉｎ）。微管蛋白分子量约为５５ｋＤ,以微管状态沿筛管长度排列;类动蛋白重链分子量为１００ｋＤ,主要存在于筛管中的无定型颗粒（或聚合物）上。芹菜韧皮部中的类动蛋白,很可能象动物神经细胞中的动蛋白（ｋｉｎｅｓｉｎ）一样,是作为分子马达在物质运输中起作用。     

丹参非特异性脂质转移蛋白基因（SmLTP1）的克隆及其表达分析

对丹参EST序列进行Blast分析,获得一个新的非特异性脂质转移蛋白基因,命名为SmLTP1（GenBank注册号为EF187461）。该基因cDNA全长593bp,包含一个长为357bp的开放读码框,编码118个氨基酸。生物信息学结构分析表明,该蛋白具有植物nsLTP的典型结构,即4对二硫键,4个a-螺旋,1个可结合和容纳脂肪酸分子的类似口袋状的疏水结构。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,SmLTP1基因在丹参不同组织器官中差异表达,其表达受病原菌和茉莉酸甲酯的诱导,显示SmLTP1基因在植物防御反应中发挥作用。     

小黑杨环锌指蛋白基因的克隆与表达分析

用cDNA-AFLP技术从小黑杨中克隆与盐胁迫反应相关的cDNA片段,进一步应用RACE技术克隆出具有完整开放读码框的小黑杨环锌指蛋白基因（PsnRZF）,该基因全长1061bp,其中5非翻译区为184bp,3非翻译区为82bp,开放读码框为795bp,编码264个氨基酸,预测蛋白的分子量为30.25kDa,理论等电点为8.04。实时定量PCR检测的结果显示,正常生长条件下该基因在根、茎、叶中都表达;NaCl胁迫下,该基因在根、茎、叶中的表达量升高。在叶中的表达量随着处理时间的延长而逐渐升高,胁迫处理后第6天表达量达到最高。     

Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in ruminal tissue from Holstein dairy cows fed high or low concentrate diets

Cattle are often fed high concentrate (HC) diets to increase productivity, although HC diets cause changes in ruminal environment such as pH reduction. Despite those well-documented changes in cattle fed HC diets, there is currently a paucity of data describing the molecular events regulating the ruminal environment. Our objective was to gain an understanding of which genes are differentially expressed in ruminal tissue from Holstein cows fed a HC comparing to low concentrate (LC) diet using microarray analysis using a bovine 24 k microarray. A total of 5,200 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected for cows fed HC relative to LC. The DEG were firstly annotated with gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), indicating that the DEG were associated with catalytic activity and MAPK pathway, respectively. Further characterization using GeneCodis identified patterns of interrelated annotations for the DEG to elucidate the relationships among annotation groups revealed that a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A catalytic subunit beta (PRKACB), may be associated with ruminal tissue maintenance. The results contributed to understanding of the regulatory mechanisms at the mRNA level for Holstein cows fed at different concentrate ratio diets.     

Real-time polymerase chain reaction-based exponential sample amplification for microarray gene expression profiling

Conventional approaches to target labeling for gene expression analysis using microarray technology typically require relatively large amounts of RNA, a serious limitation when the available sample is limited. Here we describe an alternative exponential sample amplification method by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) to follow the amplification and eliminate the overamplified cDNA which could distort the quantitative ratio of the starting mRNA population. Probes generated from nonamplified, PCR-amplified, and real-time-PCR-amplified cDNA samples were generated from lipopolysaccharide-treated and nontreated mouse macrophages and hybridized to mouse cDNA microarrays. Signals obtained from the three protocols were compared. Reproducibility and reliability of the methods were determined. The Pearson correlation coefficients for replica experiments were r=0.927 and r=0.687 for QRT-PCR-amplification and PCR-overamplification protocols, respectively. Chi2 test showed that overamplification resulted in major biases in expression ratios, while these alterations could be eliminated by following the cycling status with QRT-PCR. Our exponential sample amplification protocol preserves the original expression ratios and allows unbiased gene expression analysis from minute amounts of starting material.     

Cloning and expression analysis of p26 gene in Artemia sinica

The protein p26 is a small heat shock protein that functions as a molecular chaperone to protect embryos by preventing irreversible protein damage during embryonic development. A 542 bp fragment of the p26 gene was cloned and sequenced. The fragment encoded 174 amino acid residues and the amino acid sequence contained the α-crystallin domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that eight Artemia populations were divided into four major groups. Artemia sinica (YC) belonged to the East Asia bisexual group. Expression of the p26 gene at different developmental stages ofA. sinica was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction followed by cloning and sequencing. The relationship between the quantity of p26 gene expression and embryonic development was analyzed. The results indicated that massive amounts of p26 were expressed during the development of A. sinica. At the developmental stage of 0 h, A. sinica expressed the highest level of p26. As development proceeded, expression levels of the p26 gene reduced significantly. There was a small quantity of p26 gene expression at the developmental stages of 16 h and 24 h. We concluded that p26 might be involved in protecting the embryo from physiological stress during embryonic development.     

构建定向T载体用于基因克隆和表达

传统的T载体克隆方法需要烦琐的后续步骤来筛选和鉴定重组子,并且无法实现目的基因的定向克隆。为了克服这些问题,本研究在pET-23a(+)的基础上构建了定向T载体pETG,首先通过定点诱变消除pET-23a(+)上的两个BfuⅠ位点得到PET-23aM;设计一对引物在5端各引入一个BfuⅠ位点,下游引物紧邻BfuⅠ位点引入13 bp的部分LacO序列,用该引物从pHBM2002上扩增Prrn-gfp表达盒,插入PET-23aM的NdeⅠ和XhoⅠ位点,得到定向T载体pETG。PCR扩增的目的基因通过下游引物引入7 bp剩余的LacO序列,该基因片段与BfuⅠ酶切制备的定向T载体连接、转化大肠杆菌DH10β感受态细胞,通过补加了X-gal的平板筛选蓝色重组子。质粒酶切和PCR鉴定表明蓝色菌落全部为定向插入的重组子,重组效率100%,利用本方法成功地定向克隆了103个人类肝蛋白编码基因cDNA,克隆过程无需复杂的步骤筛选鉴定重组子。随机选择了其中的8个基因的克隆进行表达,结果显示8个克隆均在大肠杆菌中获得成功表达。该结果表明定向T载体构建成功,并且该载体非常适合基因的克隆和表达。     

小鼠基因转录表达分析中内参基因的优选

目的 建立小鼠基因转录表达分析中内参基因的选择方法.方法 以C57BL/6J和C3H/HeJ两个品系3个不同组织及2个不同发育阶段为研究对象,应用反转录实时定量PCR技术,评价GAPDH(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)、HPRTl(hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase)、B2M(β2-microglobulin)、PPIA(peptidylprolyl isomerase A)、ACTB(Actin-beta)和18S rRNA(18S ribosomal RNA)等6个看家基因在下丘脑、垂体与卵巢中mRNA水平的表达稳定性.结果 GeNorm统计分析表明,GAPDH和HPRT1表达最为稳定,PPIA等次之,B2M在不同组织和发育阶段中都几乎无表达.结论 成功筛选到GAPDH和HPRT1两个稳定表达的看家基因,证实了小鼠基因表达转录分析中内参基因选择的必要性和可行性.     

The prevention of dehydration injury in celery seeds by polyethylene glycol, abscisic acid, dark and high temperature

Celery seeds ( Apium graveolens L.) given a germination induction period (3 days imbibition at 17°C in the light) could be prevented from germinating by up to 14 days subsequent exposure to high temperature (32°C), polyethylene glycol (PEG), abscisic acid (ABA) or dark (22°C). When the seeds were returned to 17°C in the light, germination occurred and, except for the high temperature treatment, was more rapid compared to seeds given a germination induction period only.
Celery seeds incubated for 3 days at 17°C in the light and then air-dried at 20°C germinated slowly when re-sown at 17°C in the light, and achieved only 19% germination after 21 days. Exposing the seeds to high temperature, PEG, ABA or dark for up to 14 days before drying maintained seed viability and subsequent germination was faster. The longer treatment periods gave increased benefit, and PEG was the most effective treatment. It is suggested that the effectiveness of the treatments in inducing dehydration tolerance relates to their ability to inhibit germination possibly via their prevention of cell expansion.     

朱砂叶螨热激蛋白HSP70基因TCHSP70-4的克隆与表达

为了研究朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)热激蛋白HSP70的表达与其适应高温和低温胁迫的关系,我们利用物种的同源性及RACE 技术,获得朱砂叶螨热激蛋白HSP70基因1个,命名为TCHSP70-4（GenBank 登录号为EU977182）。该基因全长2 182 bp,包含1 959 bp的开放阅读框,编码653个氨基酸,理论分子量为70.9 kDa,等电点为5.4,含有HSP70家族高度保守的基序。运用real-time PCR分析冷激（4℃）和热激（40℃）1 h后TCHSP70-4在朱砂叶螨体内的表达量。结果显示冷激后TCHSP70-4表达量明显下降,而热激后TCHSP70-4表达量却明显上升。这些结果一方面表明该基因属于诱导型HSP70基因,另一方面揭示了朱砂叶螨分别受到冷和热胁迫后体内TCHSP70-4的表达及所起的保护作用是不同的。